This literature review explores adolescent suicide and alienation. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for those aged 15-24 and is often preceded by mental disorders like depression. Risk factors include a family history of suicide, substance abuse, damaged parent-child relationships, bullying, and social isolation. Protective factors include strong family support and problem-solving skills. While interventions aim to improve coping skills and screening, barriers include stigma and lack of attention to family relationships. Further research is needed on demographic differences and how to increase effective family connections to improve suicide prevention programs.
The document summarizes research on the implications of child abuse. It describes 10 studies that find child abuse victims often experience mental health issues like PTSD, depression, anxiety and substance abuse. They also face social and behavioral problems including aggression, low self-esteem and feelings of helplessness. The conclusion states that child abuse dramatically affects victims' development and mental well-being for life.
This document is a research proposal that examines bullying in primary and secondary school environments. It begins with an introduction that defines bullying and notes its prevalence. It then discusses characteristics of typical victims and bullies, differences in bullying by grade, gender, and type of aggression. The proposal also reviews effects of victimization like increased health issues, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. The methods section outlines plans to study participants of different ages, genders, and socioeconomic backgrounds using surveys to collect both qualitative and quantitative data for analysis.
Bullying and its consequences a case of botswana junior secondary schoolsAlexander Decker
1. The document summarizes research on bullying among junior secondary school students in Botswana. It finds that bullying is widespread and negatively impacts both victims and perpetrators.
2. Bullying takes many forms, including physical, verbal, social and psychological abuse. It is characterized by an imbalance of power between the bully and victim. Teachers may underestimate bullying due to a lack of understanding of its various forms.
3. Both victims and bullies experience negative consequences. Victims have lower academic performance and self-esteem, while bullies tend to have social and emotional issues. The document calls for more comprehensive anti-bullying policies in Botswana schools.
This document summarizes a presentation on a study examining psychosocial correlates of Internet harassment among youth. The study involved a national survey of 1,499 youth Internet users ages 10-17. Key findings included:
- 6% reported being a victim of Internet harassment in the past year, with 1/3 feeling emotionally distressed.
- Victims were more likely to report depressive symptoms and interpersonal victimization compared to non-victims.
- "Harasser-victims" who were both aggressors and victims reported the most behavioral and psychological problems.
- Distressed victims were more likely to be younger, less experienced Internet users, and to experience aggressive offline contact from harassers.
Innovations in Prevention: Youth Substance Abuse & Dating ViolenceChristine Wekerle
This document discusses youth substance abuse and dating violence prevention. It notes the co-occurrence of these issues and the importance of targeting multiple related problems. Effective prevention requires understanding risk factors like child maltreatment history and trauma symptoms, as well as motivational stages and alternative reinforcers. The Youth Relationships Project targets relationships skills and social action to reduce dating violence among high-risk child welfare youth. Broad surveillance is needed to assess prevention program impact at the community level.
The relationship between types ofchildhood victimisation andojas18
This study examined the relationship between different types of childhood victimization (such as physical abuse, neglect, witnessing violence) and criminal behavior in young adulthood. The researchers analyzed data on over 2,000 young Swedish adults who reported experiencing at least one form of childhood victimization. They found that experiences of physical assault, neglect, and witnessing violence as a child were significantly associated with criminal behavior in young adulthood, even after accounting for gender, substance use, and psychopathy. However, experiences of property crimes, verbal abuse, or sexual abuse were not significantly linked to later criminal behavior. This suggests that childhood experiences involving direct violence or witnessing violence carry the greatest risk for criminal behavior in adulthood.
Bullying in childhood can have long lasting negative effects. Victims are more likely to experience mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem that may persist into adulthood. Longitudinal studies show childhood victims are at higher risk as adults for disorders like depression, anxiety, antisocial personality disorder, and suicide attempts. Victims also tend to have poorer social relationships, economic difficulties, and lower quality of life in mid-life compared to non-victims. The effects of bullying can last decades and negatively impact both psychological and physical health.
The document summarizes research on the implications of child abuse. It describes 10 studies that find child abuse victims often experience mental health issues like PTSD, depression, anxiety and substance abuse. They also face social and behavioral problems including aggression, low self-esteem and feelings of helplessness. The conclusion states that child abuse dramatically affects victims' development and mental well-being for life.
This document is a research proposal that examines bullying in primary and secondary school environments. It begins with an introduction that defines bullying and notes its prevalence. It then discusses characteristics of typical victims and bullies, differences in bullying by grade, gender, and type of aggression. The proposal also reviews effects of victimization like increased health issues, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. The methods section outlines plans to study participants of different ages, genders, and socioeconomic backgrounds using surveys to collect both qualitative and quantitative data for analysis.
Bullying and its consequences a case of botswana junior secondary schoolsAlexander Decker
1. The document summarizes research on bullying among junior secondary school students in Botswana. It finds that bullying is widespread and negatively impacts both victims and perpetrators.
2. Bullying takes many forms, including physical, verbal, social and psychological abuse. It is characterized by an imbalance of power between the bully and victim. Teachers may underestimate bullying due to a lack of understanding of its various forms.
3. Both victims and bullies experience negative consequences. Victims have lower academic performance and self-esteem, while bullies tend to have social and emotional issues. The document calls for more comprehensive anti-bullying policies in Botswana schools.
This document summarizes a presentation on a study examining psychosocial correlates of Internet harassment among youth. The study involved a national survey of 1,499 youth Internet users ages 10-17. Key findings included:
- 6% reported being a victim of Internet harassment in the past year, with 1/3 feeling emotionally distressed.
- Victims were more likely to report depressive symptoms and interpersonal victimization compared to non-victims.
- "Harasser-victims" who were both aggressors and victims reported the most behavioral and psychological problems.
- Distressed victims were more likely to be younger, less experienced Internet users, and to experience aggressive offline contact from harassers.
Innovations in Prevention: Youth Substance Abuse & Dating ViolenceChristine Wekerle
This document discusses youth substance abuse and dating violence prevention. It notes the co-occurrence of these issues and the importance of targeting multiple related problems. Effective prevention requires understanding risk factors like child maltreatment history and trauma symptoms, as well as motivational stages and alternative reinforcers. The Youth Relationships Project targets relationships skills and social action to reduce dating violence among high-risk child welfare youth. Broad surveillance is needed to assess prevention program impact at the community level.
The relationship between types ofchildhood victimisation andojas18
This study examined the relationship between different types of childhood victimization (such as physical abuse, neglect, witnessing violence) and criminal behavior in young adulthood. The researchers analyzed data on over 2,000 young Swedish adults who reported experiencing at least one form of childhood victimization. They found that experiences of physical assault, neglect, and witnessing violence as a child were significantly associated with criminal behavior in young adulthood, even after accounting for gender, substance use, and psychopathy. However, experiences of property crimes, verbal abuse, or sexual abuse were not significantly linked to later criminal behavior. This suggests that childhood experiences involving direct violence or witnessing violence carry the greatest risk for criminal behavior in adulthood.
Bullying in childhood can have long lasting negative effects. Victims are more likely to experience mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem that may persist into adulthood. Longitudinal studies show childhood victims are at higher risk as adults for disorders like depression, anxiety, antisocial personality disorder, and suicide attempts. Victims also tend to have poorer social relationships, economic difficulties, and lower quality of life in mid-life compared to non-victims. The effects of bullying can last decades and negatively impact both psychological and physical health.
A survey of “bullying traits” as perceived by schooling adolescents in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on bullying traits as perceived by schooling adolescents in Nigeria. The study was conducted to identify bullying traits and determine assessment techniques to address bullying challenges among adolescents. A survey was administered to 150 adolescents from southeast Nigeria. Findings identified several bullying traits including name-calling, teasing, threatening, and social exclusion. The study also examined appropriate assessment techniques to measure bullying traits and help reduce bullying in schools.
Self Esteem, Social Support, Personality Traits as Predictors of Hope: Millen...DR. RHEA SANTILLAN
The document summarizes a study that examined predictors of hope among Filipino millennial college students. It describes measures of social support, self-esteem, personality traits, and hope that were administered to 194 psychology students aged 15-25. The results found that significant others and self-esteem were significant predictors of hope. The study aimed to identify variables that could help nurture hope and inform strength-based mental health programs for college students.
Violence prevention programs an exploratory study of the chojas18
This document summarizes a study that examined characteristics of youth who participated in a court diversion program for family violence offenses to determine what characteristics prevented completion. The study found that delinquency characteristics like prior violent arrests and school truancy significantly impacted completion rates. Specifically, youth with these risk factors were less likely to successfully complete the program. The findings suggest a more tailored intervention approach is needed for high-risk, multi-problem youth to address recidivism.
"Bullying as a Public Health Issue"
A presentation by Amanda Nickerson, Ph.D., Director of the Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention
March 5, 2012
This document discusses substance use among teens and its negative impacts. It notes that as of 2009-2011, around 30-50% of teens reported using alcohol or drugs, with around 12% having a substance use disorder. Substance use is associated with risks like accidents, injuries, poor academic performance, and adult substance abuse. Treatment needs to be comprehensive and address psychological, family, social, and developmental factors through approaches like family therapy, CBT, biofeedback, and social support programs to help teens regain their futures.
Mental Health & Well Being of Older People : Self Neglectanne spencer
Dr. Mary Rose Day presented on mental health and self-neglect in older people. Self-neglect is complex with multiple contributing factors including mental health issues, cognitive impairment, personality traits, life experiences, and physical health. Studies show prevalence of self-neglect increases with age and is associated with poorer quality of life, depression, alcohol abuse, and adverse health outcomes like increased mortality. Assessment of self-neglect requires evaluating domains like environment, social networks, emotional/behavioral traits, health avoidance, and self-determinism. Early identification and intervention are important to reduce negative consequences of self-neglect.
Domestic violence psychologically affects victims and families in several ways. It can cause health issues for victims like depression, substance abuse, and chronic illness. Witnessing domestic violence can negatively impact children's development and behavior, lowering IQs and increasing aggression and emotional problems. Exposure to domestic violence has also been linked to intergenerational cycles of abuse, with children of abuse being more likely to become future victims or abusers themselves. Treatment for abusers and support for victims is important to help break these harmful cycles.
This document summarizes a research study that investigated pro-social behavior across different age groups and genders in Pakistan. The study found no significant differences in pro-social behavior between younger and older participants or between males and females. The document suggests that widespread social, economic, and political ambiguities in recent decades have increased stress and insecurity in society, reducing individuals' willingness to engage in pro-social acts. It recommends community interventions, strengthening family relationships, and cultural changes to promote pro-social values in order to increase helping behavior.
This document discusses the need for more research on male offenders who seriously physically abuse or kill children. It notes that while both men and women commit such offenses, the majority are committed by men. More research has examined female rather than male offenders. The document calls for identifying the psychological profiles and risk factors of different types of male offenders, such as biological fathers who systematically cause harm versus unrelated adults in the home. Understanding these offender types could help professionals investigating such cases, which often involve uncooperative parents providing contradicting explanations for a child's injuries.
Critical Review of Research Evidence Part 3 FDRobert Cope
This document discusses trauma experienced by children in foster care and the potential for EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) therapy to help address it. Children in foster care often experience trauma from being removed from their biological homes as well as potential abuse or neglect. They also face issues from multiple placements and aging out of the system unprepared. EMDR is presented as a promising 8-step therapy that could help youth resolve memories from traumatic experiences. The document examines the scope of problems faced by the foster care population and why addressing trauma is important to help youth as they transition into adulthood.
Dr. Amanda Nickerson presented on her research related to school bullying prevention and intervention. Her research focuses on school crisis prevention, the role of parents and peers in prevention, and assessment and intervention for children with behavioral issues. She discussed definitions of bullying, types of bullying, characteristics of those who bully and are bullied, and factors in families, schools, peers, and communities that influence bullying. Effective prevention and intervention includes establishing clear policies, promoting warmth and supervision in families and schools, addressing individual needs of those bullied and doing, and monitoring outcomes over time.
Professor Huw Williams, Associate Professor of Clinical Neuropsychology and Co-Director of the Centre for Clinical Neuropsychology Research. Professor William’s research includes the prevalence of traumatic brain injury in incarcerated youth.
Speaking at Beyond Youth Custody's conference: Childhood trauma and young people in the criminal justice system, 19 November 2013.
Evaluating Female Experiences of Electronic Dating Violence in Jordan: Motiva...Rula alsawalqa
Gender stereotypes can influence electronic dating violence (EDV) because the victims’ experiences with abusers depict crucial social mechanisms concerning relational dependency and unequal power relations between men and women, making it difficult for women to resist, report, or escape cyber abuse. In the Arab context, cyber abuse in romantic relationships has not been sufficiently examined. This study investigated female experiences of EDV through a qualitative exploratory descriptive approach. Participants experienced several short- and long-term negative psychological and emotional behavioral responses. Our findings validate that EDV heightened the probability of intimate partner violence definitively via psychological, emotional, verbal, and physical abuse. Their resistance strategies differed according to the extent and nature of the abuse. None of the participants sought help from family due to fear of being killed or forced out of university, and realizing that they would continue to experience multiple forms of abuse. Rather, they either sought help from female professors at the university or paid the abuser to be left alone. Further, they engaged in protective behaviors to block their abusive partner’s access to them, consulted an Information Technology expert, and secretly requested assistance from the police. Preference for controlling and dominant roles, gaining monetary benefits, sexual exploitation, peer pressure, and revenge and anger due to abandonment were the leading motivations for abuse. Female students in their first year of university, those who lived in a disjointed family environment, or those who suffered abuse from their families were particularly susceptible to being victimized. Moreover, passwords shared with others or accounts left open on others’ devices also enabled EDV. Hence, universities must conduct awareness sessions, for female students, on how to manage emotions and safe communication on social media and build healthy friendships and relationships. Curricula, seminars, workshops, and courses in the Jordanian educational sector should include programs and interventions that challenge perceived gender norms. These results have significant practical and clinical implications that help understand EDV in a poorly understood context and provide the groundwork for further research on the EDV problem in Jordan, addressing a lacuna in the literature on violence against Jordanian women.
This document summarizes a research paper about outpatient children with cancer and their experiences with peer interaction and bullying at school. It provides background on childhood cancer rates and treatments that allow many children to spend less time hospitalized. It reviews literature finding that children with cancer face greater risks of psychosocial and social issues, including bullying. The document examines the physical, psychosocial, social and emotional effects of cancer and treatments on children and how this influences peer relationships. Studies cited found that childhood cancer patients commonly experienced bullying and social anxiety. However, more research is needed on the experiences of outpatient children with cancer specifically regarding peer interaction and bullying at school.
The breach between what we know and what we do is lethalRodney Berg
Men die by suicide at a rate over three times higher than women in Australia. Close to 80% of all suicides are men, with the highest rates occurring in men aged 35-49. Psychological factors that contribute to the disparity include men being less likely to recognize or address negative emotions, seek help, or communicate feelings of despair. Prevention strategies should focus on building resilience, social support networks, coping strategies, and addressing issues like relationship problems, depression, alcohol abuse, and financial stressors. Public health campaigns that engage men and encourage help-seeking are also important.
Social anxiety is the most common anxiety disorder and it affects individuals’ life very
profoundly. Recent findings have suggested that both parental attitudes and hopelessness are potential
vulnerability and maintenance factors for the development of social anxiety symptoms. Therefore, the aims of
the current study were to examine whether social anxiety, perceived parental attitudes and hopelessness differ
in male and female adolescents in order to identify predictors of social anxiety in Turkish adolescents. Hence,
the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the short form of EgnaMinnenBeträffandeUppfostran Scale (short-EMBU),
and Hopelessness Scale were administered to 756 adolescents. Consistent with other findings, we could show
that females experienced more social anxiety, perceived more emotional warmth and more overprotection from
mother and mother than males. The results of a regression analysis for the whole sample revealed that being
female, greater the number of sibling, older grades, low mother education, perceived rejection from mother and
hopelessness are significant predictors of social anxiety. Finally, social anxiety was predicted by different
variables for females, (class level, mother education, mother rejection, hopelessness) and males (number of
sibling, hopelessness). Therefore, clinicians should consider these differences in their interventions.
Bullying is a widespread issue in schools that can have severe psychological effects on victims, witnesses, and perpetrators. Research shows bullying affects students of all demographics and can lead to issues like low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, poor school performance, and even suicidal thoughts or actions. While all students are at risk, those with traits outside social norms may be more likely to be targeted. Resiliency and social support can help mediate the negative impacts of bullying. More research is still needed to better understand and prevent bullying.
The document discusses suicidal ideation among older adults. It notes that adults over 65 have the highest suicide rates compared to younger age groups. Suicide is a leading cause of death for older adults and is preventable. Key risk factors for suicidal ideation in older adults include loss of autonomy, life regrets, impulsivity, hopelessness, and feeling like a burden. Proper assessment and treatment requires evaluating not just depression but also these additional risk factors. Early identification of suicidal thoughts in older adults is important to implement effective interventions.
Does parental support affect the well-being of children victimized by bullying?dcarafa
1) Several studies examined how parental support affects the well-being of children who are victims of bullying. Victims who reported lower levels of parental support had higher levels of depression and suicidal ideation.
2) One study found that all children, regardless of bully/victim status, had lower depression when they received more parental support, indicating parental support benefits all children. However, victims and bully-victims benefited the most due to experiencing high stress.
3) Another study found victims with low perceived parental support had the highest risk of suicidal ideation. Parental support acted as a stronger buffer than peer support between victimization and suicidal thoughts.
Examining the role of parental factors on depression amongUrBetseyCalderon89
Examining the role of parental factors on depression among
Urban African American youth living in public housing
Anthony T. Estreet a,b, Dawn Thurmana, Sapphire Goodmana,b, M. Taqi Tirmazia,b,
Takisha J. Cartera, and Von Nebbittc
aSchool of Social Work, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; bHealth & Addiction Research
Training Lab, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; cGeorge Warren Brown School of Social
Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
ABSTRACT
This study examined the potential risk and protective parental factors
associated with depression among African American youth living in
public housing. Utilizing a community-based participatory research
approach, 239 African-American youth surveys were collected during
2013–2014 in two urban public housing developments with low
socioeconomic profiles. Over half (52.3%) of the sample was in high
school and female (58%). 65.3% reported living with their mother
while 38% reported being employed. Bivariate analysis revealed sig-
nificant correlations between depression and maternal substance
abuse, paternal monitoring, parent-child relationship, and family
time. Results from the regression analyses indicated that higher
depression scores were significantly associated with youth who
reported poor parent-child relationships, low levels of paternal super-
vision and high levels of maternal drug abuse. These findings provide
support for claims about the importance of parent-child relationship
and paternal monitoring as a protective factor for depressive symp-
toms, particularly during adolescence. Moreover, findings suggest
that interventions which are targeted towards urban African
American youth should address parental factors as a pathway to
decrease depression among this population.
KEYWORDS
Depression; risk factors;
protective factors; African
American; youth
Introduction
Depression among African Americans youth is a major public health concern that has
been linked to substance use, heightened sex-risk and suicidal behaviors (i.e., ideation and
attempts) (Breland-Noble, Burriss, & Poole, 2010; Okwumabua, Okwumabua, & Wong,
2014). Although there has been a slight increase in focus on depression among African
American youth over the last decade, this group remains understudied in mental health
research (Matlin, Molock, & Tebes, 2011). Evidence suggests that parents and family play
a critical role in the lives of their adolescent and emerging adult children (Lindsey, Joe, &
Nebbitt, 2010). It is reasonable to postulate, therefore, that parental factors are related to
the emotional well-being of urban African American youth. Using a sample of 239 African
American youth living in urban public housing, this paper contributes to the gap in
CONTACT Anthony T. Estreet [email protected] School of Social Work, Morgan State University, 1700
East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
2018, ...
A survey of “bullying traits” as perceived by schooling adolescents in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on bullying traits as perceived by schooling adolescents in Nigeria. The study was conducted to identify bullying traits and determine assessment techniques to address bullying challenges among adolescents. A survey was administered to 150 adolescents from southeast Nigeria. Findings identified several bullying traits including name-calling, teasing, threatening, and social exclusion. The study also examined appropriate assessment techniques to measure bullying traits and help reduce bullying in schools.
Self Esteem, Social Support, Personality Traits as Predictors of Hope: Millen...DR. RHEA SANTILLAN
The document summarizes a study that examined predictors of hope among Filipino millennial college students. It describes measures of social support, self-esteem, personality traits, and hope that were administered to 194 psychology students aged 15-25. The results found that significant others and self-esteem were significant predictors of hope. The study aimed to identify variables that could help nurture hope and inform strength-based mental health programs for college students.
Violence prevention programs an exploratory study of the chojas18
This document summarizes a study that examined characteristics of youth who participated in a court diversion program for family violence offenses to determine what characteristics prevented completion. The study found that delinquency characteristics like prior violent arrests and school truancy significantly impacted completion rates. Specifically, youth with these risk factors were less likely to successfully complete the program. The findings suggest a more tailored intervention approach is needed for high-risk, multi-problem youth to address recidivism.
"Bullying as a Public Health Issue"
A presentation by Amanda Nickerson, Ph.D., Director of the Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention
March 5, 2012
This document discusses substance use among teens and its negative impacts. It notes that as of 2009-2011, around 30-50% of teens reported using alcohol or drugs, with around 12% having a substance use disorder. Substance use is associated with risks like accidents, injuries, poor academic performance, and adult substance abuse. Treatment needs to be comprehensive and address psychological, family, social, and developmental factors through approaches like family therapy, CBT, biofeedback, and social support programs to help teens regain their futures.
Mental Health & Well Being of Older People : Self Neglectanne spencer
Dr. Mary Rose Day presented on mental health and self-neglect in older people. Self-neglect is complex with multiple contributing factors including mental health issues, cognitive impairment, personality traits, life experiences, and physical health. Studies show prevalence of self-neglect increases with age and is associated with poorer quality of life, depression, alcohol abuse, and adverse health outcomes like increased mortality. Assessment of self-neglect requires evaluating domains like environment, social networks, emotional/behavioral traits, health avoidance, and self-determinism. Early identification and intervention are important to reduce negative consequences of self-neglect.
Domestic violence psychologically affects victims and families in several ways. It can cause health issues for victims like depression, substance abuse, and chronic illness. Witnessing domestic violence can negatively impact children's development and behavior, lowering IQs and increasing aggression and emotional problems. Exposure to domestic violence has also been linked to intergenerational cycles of abuse, with children of abuse being more likely to become future victims or abusers themselves. Treatment for abusers and support for victims is important to help break these harmful cycles.
This document summarizes a research study that investigated pro-social behavior across different age groups and genders in Pakistan. The study found no significant differences in pro-social behavior between younger and older participants or between males and females. The document suggests that widespread social, economic, and political ambiguities in recent decades have increased stress and insecurity in society, reducing individuals' willingness to engage in pro-social acts. It recommends community interventions, strengthening family relationships, and cultural changes to promote pro-social values in order to increase helping behavior.
This document discusses the need for more research on male offenders who seriously physically abuse or kill children. It notes that while both men and women commit such offenses, the majority are committed by men. More research has examined female rather than male offenders. The document calls for identifying the psychological profiles and risk factors of different types of male offenders, such as biological fathers who systematically cause harm versus unrelated adults in the home. Understanding these offender types could help professionals investigating such cases, which often involve uncooperative parents providing contradicting explanations for a child's injuries.
Critical Review of Research Evidence Part 3 FDRobert Cope
This document discusses trauma experienced by children in foster care and the potential for EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) therapy to help address it. Children in foster care often experience trauma from being removed from their biological homes as well as potential abuse or neglect. They also face issues from multiple placements and aging out of the system unprepared. EMDR is presented as a promising 8-step therapy that could help youth resolve memories from traumatic experiences. The document examines the scope of problems faced by the foster care population and why addressing trauma is important to help youth as they transition into adulthood.
Dr. Amanda Nickerson presented on her research related to school bullying prevention and intervention. Her research focuses on school crisis prevention, the role of parents and peers in prevention, and assessment and intervention for children with behavioral issues. She discussed definitions of bullying, types of bullying, characteristics of those who bully and are bullied, and factors in families, schools, peers, and communities that influence bullying. Effective prevention and intervention includes establishing clear policies, promoting warmth and supervision in families and schools, addressing individual needs of those bullied and doing, and monitoring outcomes over time.
Professor Huw Williams, Associate Professor of Clinical Neuropsychology and Co-Director of the Centre for Clinical Neuropsychology Research. Professor William’s research includes the prevalence of traumatic brain injury in incarcerated youth.
Speaking at Beyond Youth Custody's conference: Childhood trauma and young people in the criminal justice system, 19 November 2013.
Evaluating Female Experiences of Electronic Dating Violence in Jordan: Motiva...Rula alsawalqa
Gender stereotypes can influence electronic dating violence (EDV) because the victims’ experiences with abusers depict crucial social mechanisms concerning relational dependency and unequal power relations between men and women, making it difficult for women to resist, report, or escape cyber abuse. In the Arab context, cyber abuse in romantic relationships has not been sufficiently examined. This study investigated female experiences of EDV through a qualitative exploratory descriptive approach. Participants experienced several short- and long-term negative psychological and emotional behavioral responses. Our findings validate that EDV heightened the probability of intimate partner violence definitively via psychological, emotional, verbal, and physical abuse. Their resistance strategies differed according to the extent and nature of the abuse. None of the participants sought help from family due to fear of being killed or forced out of university, and realizing that they would continue to experience multiple forms of abuse. Rather, they either sought help from female professors at the university or paid the abuser to be left alone. Further, they engaged in protective behaviors to block their abusive partner’s access to them, consulted an Information Technology expert, and secretly requested assistance from the police. Preference for controlling and dominant roles, gaining monetary benefits, sexual exploitation, peer pressure, and revenge and anger due to abandonment were the leading motivations for abuse. Female students in their first year of university, those who lived in a disjointed family environment, or those who suffered abuse from their families were particularly susceptible to being victimized. Moreover, passwords shared with others or accounts left open on others’ devices also enabled EDV. Hence, universities must conduct awareness sessions, for female students, on how to manage emotions and safe communication on social media and build healthy friendships and relationships. Curricula, seminars, workshops, and courses in the Jordanian educational sector should include programs and interventions that challenge perceived gender norms. These results have significant practical and clinical implications that help understand EDV in a poorly understood context and provide the groundwork for further research on the EDV problem in Jordan, addressing a lacuna in the literature on violence against Jordanian women.
This document summarizes a research paper about outpatient children with cancer and their experiences with peer interaction and bullying at school. It provides background on childhood cancer rates and treatments that allow many children to spend less time hospitalized. It reviews literature finding that children with cancer face greater risks of psychosocial and social issues, including bullying. The document examines the physical, psychosocial, social and emotional effects of cancer and treatments on children and how this influences peer relationships. Studies cited found that childhood cancer patients commonly experienced bullying and social anxiety. However, more research is needed on the experiences of outpatient children with cancer specifically regarding peer interaction and bullying at school.
The breach between what we know and what we do is lethalRodney Berg
Men die by suicide at a rate over three times higher than women in Australia. Close to 80% of all suicides are men, with the highest rates occurring in men aged 35-49. Psychological factors that contribute to the disparity include men being less likely to recognize or address negative emotions, seek help, or communicate feelings of despair. Prevention strategies should focus on building resilience, social support networks, coping strategies, and addressing issues like relationship problems, depression, alcohol abuse, and financial stressors. Public health campaigns that engage men and encourage help-seeking are also important.
Social anxiety is the most common anxiety disorder and it affects individuals’ life very
profoundly. Recent findings have suggested that both parental attitudes and hopelessness are potential
vulnerability and maintenance factors for the development of social anxiety symptoms. Therefore, the aims of
the current study were to examine whether social anxiety, perceived parental attitudes and hopelessness differ
in male and female adolescents in order to identify predictors of social anxiety in Turkish adolescents. Hence,
the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the short form of EgnaMinnenBeträffandeUppfostran Scale (short-EMBU),
and Hopelessness Scale were administered to 756 adolescents. Consistent with other findings, we could show
that females experienced more social anxiety, perceived more emotional warmth and more overprotection from
mother and mother than males. The results of a regression analysis for the whole sample revealed that being
female, greater the number of sibling, older grades, low mother education, perceived rejection from mother and
hopelessness are significant predictors of social anxiety. Finally, social anxiety was predicted by different
variables for females, (class level, mother education, mother rejection, hopelessness) and males (number of
sibling, hopelessness). Therefore, clinicians should consider these differences in their interventions.
Bullying is a widespread issue in schools that can have severe psychological effects on victims, witnesses, and perpetrators. Research shows bullying affects students of all demographics and can lead to issues like low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, poor school performance, and even suicidal thoughts or actions. While all students are at risk, those with traits outside social norms may be more likely to be targeted. Resiliency and social support can help mediate the negative impacts of bullying. More research is still needed to better understand and prevent bullying.
The document discusses suicidal ideation among older adults. It notes that adults over 65 have the highest suicide rates compared to younger age groups. Suicide is a leading cause of death for older adults and is preventable. Key risk factors for suicidal ideation in older adults include loss of autonomy, life regrets, impulsivity, hopelessness, and feeling like a burden. Proper assessment and treatment requires evaluating not just depression but also these additional risk factors. Early identification of suicidal thoughts in older adults is important to implement effective interventions.
Does parental support affect the well-being of children victimized by bullying?dcarafa
1) Several studies examined how parental support affects the well-being of children who are victims of bullying. Victims who reported lower levels of parental support had higher levels of depression and suicidal ideation.
2) One study found that all children, regardless of bully/victim status, had lower depression when they received more parental support, indicating parental support benefits all children. However, victims and bully-victims benefited the most due to experiencing high stress.
3) Another study found victims with low perceived parental support had the highest risk of suicidal ideation. Parental support acted as a stronger buffer than peer support between victimization and suicidal thoughts.
Examining the role of parental factors on depression amongUrBetseyCalderon89
Examining the role of parental factors on depression among
Urban African American youth living in public housing
Anthony T. Estreet a,b, Dawn Thurmana, Sapphire Goodmana,b, M. Taqi Tirmazia,b,
Takisha J. Cartera, and Von Nebbittc
aSchool of Social Work, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; bHealth & Addiction Research
Training Lab, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; cGeorge Warren Brown School of Social
Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
ABSTRACT
This study examined the potential risk and protective parental factors
associated with depression among African American youth living in
public housing. Utilizing a community-based participatory research
approach, 239 African-American youth surveys were collected during
2013–2014 in two urban public housing developments with low
socioeconomic profiles. Over half (52.3%) of the sample was in high
school and female (58%). 65.3% reported living with their mother
while 38% reported being employed. Bivariate analysis revealed sig-
nificant correlations between depression and maternal substance
abuse, paternal monitoring, parent-child relationship, and family
time. Results from the regression analyses indicated that higher
depression scores were significantly associated with youth who
reported poor parent-child relationships, low levels of paternal super-
vision and high levels of maternal drug abuse. These findings provide
support for claims about the importance of parent-child relationship
and paternal monitoring as a protective factor for depressive symp-
toms, particularly during adolescence. Moreover, findings suggest
that interventions which are targeted towards urban African
American youth should address parental factors as a pathway to
decrease depression among this population.
KEYWORDS
Depression; risk factors;
protective factors; African
American; youth
Introduction
Depression among African Americans youth is a major public health concern that has
been linked to substance use, heightened sex-risk and suicidal behaviors (i.e., ideation and
attempts) (Breland-Noble, Burriss, & Poole, 2010; Okwumabua, Okwumabua, & Wong,
2014). Although there has been a slight increase in focus on depression among African
American youth over the last decade, this group remains understudied in mental health
research (Matlin, Molock, & Tebes, 2011). Evidence suggests that parents and family play
a critical role in the lives of their adolescent and emerging adult children (Lindsey, Joe, &
Nebbitt, 2010). It is reasonable to postulate, therefore, that parental factors are related to
the emotional well-being of urban African American youth. Using a sample of 239 African
American youth living in urban public housing, this paper contributes to the gap in
CONTACT Anthony T. Estreet [email protected] School of Social Work, Morgan State University, 1700
East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
2018, ...
This document discusses research on the association between being physically abused and becoming a bully. It reviews literature finding children who bully were often bullied themselves and experience depression. The research aims to determine if physically abused children are more likely to bully others due to developing psychological disorders. More research is needed to better understand bullies and how childhood experiences influence bullying behavior.
The document discusses the relationship between bullying, juvenile delinquency, and their causes. It states that low self-esteem, dysfunctional families, substance abuse, and observing criminal behavior can lead to both bullying and delinquency. Children who are bullied or who have incarcerated parents are also more likely to engage in delinquent acts due to mental health issues and a lack of positive role models. The document recommends addressing the issues through therapy, school counseling programs, and interventions that foster friendships and accountability.
Bullying has become a serious national problem, affecting about 1 in 3 students. While bullying used to consist of physical acts like hitting or pushing, today's technology allows bullying to also occur online, known as cyberbullying. Heavy exposure to media that glamorizes bullying can negatively impact viewers' perceptions of social reality. Many adults still view bullying as a normal part of childhood, but it has serious consequences for victims, including an increased risk of suicide. Despite growing awareness and efforts to address bullying, the rates of reported bullying have been increasing in some areas. To truly address the problem, society must work to stop tolerating and perpetuating bullying behaviors.
This document discusses intimate partner violence (IPV), including definitions, prevalence, impacts, risk factors, assessment, treatment, and prevention. It defines IPV as physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner. National statistics in the US indicate 25% of women and 15% of men experience severe physical IPV, and 50% experience emotional IPV. IPV is associated with mental health issues like PTSD as well as physical health problems. Risk factors include childhood abuse and attachment issues. Treatment focuses on perpetrator intervention, couples therapy in some cases, and preventing revictimization through education and economic resources.
The document discusses research on the relationship between childhood trauma and the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD). It summarizes that research has found childhood trauma, such as abuse, neglect, parental loss or divorce, is very common in those diagnosed with BPD. Events like 9/11 that caused trauma through parental loss could potentially increase BPD diagnoses later in life. The document concludes that childhood trauma interrupts healthy attachment and increases the likelihood of a BPD diagnosis, though more research is still needed.
1Running Head FINAL PROPOSAL CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEAL.docxdrennanmicah
1
Running Head: FINAL PROPOSAL: CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
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FINAL PROPOSAL: CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
Diamond Newton
Southern New Hampshire University
March 3, 2019
Problem Statement
Several adults struggle from a variety of mental health issues (suicidal thoughts and tendencies, alcoholism, depression, and drug abusers.) A lot of those issues may stem from what took place during an adult’s childhood that stem from a variety of reasons. Some adults seek help and some refuse to seek help. The adults who do seek help come to realize that their current issues stem from when they were a child and still developing as a human. Child abuse can come in many forms, physical, mental, and sexual. Adults who have been exposed or experienced this are likely to suffer from some form of mental health issue. It is important to figure out the root of mental health issues in adults so the root can be addressed. Children need to be in a healthy environment with nothing short of love and care. Exposing children to a harsh reality is only breeding them into an adult who suffers from mental health issues.
Literature Review
The study of psychology helps researchers to understand better what is going on with a person. Researchers studied what happened in a person's life that causes them to make the decisions they do and behave in a certain way. Adults have this stigmatism that they can do whatever they want because they are "grown." Many adults suffer from something that can cause to lead towards suicidal thoughts and tendencies, alcoholism, depression, and drug abusers. A lot of those issues may stem from what took place during an adult’s childhood. There could be some reasons adults tend to display certain mental health traits that have been studied in many different forms by researchers. What we will be reviewed is the abuse, physical or mental, that an adult endured as a child and how it affects them in their adulthood.
Blanco, C., Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Lin, K. H., Olfson, M. Sugaya, L. (2012) recognized that child physical abuse had been associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts. The study conducted included Blacks, Hispanics and young adults between the ages of 18-24 in 2001-2002 and 2004-2005. In person, interviews were conducted in Wave 1. In Wave 2 used similar methods as Wave 1 but it excluded the individuals who were not eligible. Wave 2 also interviews went into depth about the questions asked for the participants first 17 years of life. There are many other variables that have been added to the data that relate to childhood physical abuse and mental health distress in adult years. Those other adversatives included the history of child sexual abuse and neglect, parental psychopathology, and perceived parental support, described as emotional neglect.
The advantages to this design would be the inclusion of other childhood adversities that could contribute to adult psychiatri.
This study examined predictors of suicide attempts among adolescents attending Seventh-day Adventist schools in the US. It found depression to be the strongest predictor of suicide attempts. Having a negative family climate and less caring parenting also predicted higher rates of suicide attempts, while intrinsic religious orientation predicted lower rates. A survey of over 10,000 students found that depression, family relationships, parenting styles, and religious commitment were significant factors influencing suicidal ideation among this conservative religious group.
Impact of Suicide on People Exposed to a FatalityFranklin Cook
"Impact of Suicide on People Exposed to a Fatality" is excerpted and adapted from Responding to Grief, Trauma, and Distress After a Suicide: U.S. National Guidelines (2015), by the Survivors of Suicide Loss Task Force (bit.ly/sosl-taskforce) of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention. The original document is available free for download at bit.ly/respondingsuicide.
This summary report concludes that:
The research delineated above represents the solid and growing body of evidence that, for a significant number of people exposed to the suicide fatality or attempt of another person, there are long-term, harmful mental health consequences. Shneidman’s declaration (1972) that postvention is prevention for the next generation is unquestionably supported by clear and overwhelming evidence that exposure to the suicide of another person, particularly of a close intimate, elevates the risk of suicidal behavior and of death by suicide in the population of people exposed.
The Grief After Suicide blog post related to this essay is http://bit.ly/impactessay.
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL1
RESEARCH PROPOSAL5
Research Proposal
Jamie Bass
Composition II Comment by Spencer Ellsworth: Actually Comment by Jamie Bass:
ENG102 A02
Instructor: Ellsworth
February 16, 2016
WORKING THESIS
Suicide has negatively affected the society, and unless there are mitigation strategies to curb this menace, it will continue to take the lives of many people in the society.Comment by Spencer Ellsworth: This is a good subject, but the thesis needs a little work. “Mitigation” is really generalized. Maybe more like “early intervention and general support are needed to help
EXPLANATION
Suicide is the act of human beings voluntarily taking their lives. Research has shown that it has always been caused by a sense of despair or hopelessness. All these issues may be induced by mental illness which may include Bipolar disorder or even depression. Suicide has been traumatizing and shameful to the bereaved families and many people in the society have always viewed it as a cowardice cowardly way of taking one’s life. Many suicidal persons have been haunted by their thoughts. I in many cases this is depicted as a very personal process (Goldsmith, Pellmar, Kleinman & Bunney, 2002).Comment by Spencer Ellsworh: Citations for this. Also, maybe consider that it is often an outgrowth of chronic disease or chronic pain.
In this paper, it is very much possible to look at what suicide is and the risk factors associated with suicide. It is also recommended in the research paper to dwell on mental disorder and substance abuse as risk factors that contribute to suicide as well as medical conditions and psychosocial states. The media and how it depicts suicide is also very important to research on as well as the rational suicide is a controversial statement in this topic. We will have the chance to look at the suicide methods and pathophysiology which is very important to note. After all these, prevention will be a key topic to note which involves screening for mental illness. It will also be possible to research on epidemiology, social and culture based on legislation and religious views and all about philosophy, advocacy, locations and some notable cases of suicide.Comment by Spencer Ellsworh: Fairly awkward sentence.Comment by Spencer Ellsworh: To make a good argumentation paper, you’ll have to focus on where intervention is failing right now, and how intervention can work more effectively. It’ll make for a great paper, but it’ll involve some legwork with current practices and funding of mental health intervention by federal and state governments.
SUB POINTS
Many people in the society are very much scared of taking away their lives and they are actually left to wonder how one can voluntarily manage to be suicidal. Some may be caused by illnesses with some visible symptoms and various ways to mitigate this act is by careful observation of these people. People in high risk of committing suicide often have mood disorders and .
The Effects Of Bullying On The Gay Persons Self Esteemcw2001
Bullying has long lasting negative effects on the self-esteem of gay individuals. Studies have shown that nearly half of gay people experienced bullying in school, resulting in poor academic performance, truancy, dropping out, and increased rates of suicide attempts. The effects of bullying can continue into adulthood with higher rates of substance abuse, psychological distress, and poor mental health outcomes in those who were bullied. Bullying in any form, whether physical, verbal, or relational, significantly damages the well-being and development of gay youth.
Perception of Child Abuse 2COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AND PROFESSIO.docxherbertwilson5999
Perception of Child Abuse 2
COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AND PROFESSIONALS’ PERCEPTION OF CHILD ABUSE IN CORRELATION TO STRESS
Introduction
Throughout the growth and development of society, child abuse and maltreatment has expanded into many different aspects; it occurs within socioeconomic levels, ethnic and cultural lines, all religions and all levels of education. Within the United States children are suffering from a hidden epidemic of child abuse and neglect. Every year 3.3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving nearly 6 million children (a report can include multiple children). The United States has the worst record in the industrialized nation – losing five children every day due to abuse-related deaths (U.S. Department of HHS, 2011). The estimated cost of child abuse and neglect in the United States for 2008 is $124 billion (Fang, 2012). The Department of Children and Families (DCF) defines child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent, guardian, or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child (Leeb, Paulozzi, Melanson, Simon, & Arias, 2008). There are four major categories of childhood abuse and maltreatment: physical abuse, psychological and emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect (Goldman, Salus, Wolcott, & Kennedy, 2003).
According to Brian H. Bornstein, Debra L. Kaplan, and Andrea R. Perry (2007), people have stereotypes about the circumstances and consequences of child abuse, and these expectancies can influence their judgments about individuals involved in abuse cases. Heim (2000) reported that participants with a history of abuse experience greater levels of perceived stress than participants without a history of abuse. They often perceive daily stressors more severely and longer in duration than their counterparts. It is also suggested that their history of abuse compromises these participants’ abilities to cope with stress, but the researchers noted that the data from their study is inconclusive, making it difficult for them to either support or refute this claim.
The perception of child abuse is very influential to students and upcoming professionals. Society’s definition and perception will guide current social work students into practice, which is a very important factor within the professional realm of social work.
Research Question
The purpose of this study is to examine college students and professionals’ perception of child abuse and how it relates to stress. The independent variable is the college students and professionals’ perception of child abuse and the dependent variable is how it relates to stress. The operational definition of perception remains closely allied to the continually developing behavioral theory of discrimination (Schoenfeld, 1962). The operational definition of child abuse is as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent, guardian, or other caregiver that results.
Joel Berrien Jr. is a first-year doctoral student interested in researching how educational technology can improve the academic achievement and self-efficacy of at-risk students who have experienced psychological trauma. Berrien has experience as a therapist working with trauma victims and has seen the negative effects of trauma on students' academic performance as a teacher. His research will address the gap in understanding how technology can help trauma-impacted students succeed academically by improving concentration, motivation, and self-esteem.
Abuse and mistreatment in the adolescent period - by Dr. Bozzi Domenico (Mast...dott. Domenico Bozzi
UNICEF has highlighted how children suffer violence throughout all stages of childhood and adolescence, in different contexts, and often at the hands of people they trust and interact with on a daily basis.
Violent corporal punishment, 300 million children between 2 and 4 years old in the world regularly suffer violence from their family/guardians (about 3 out of 4), 250 million of these are punished physically (about 6 out of 10).
Sexual violence, Sexual violence occurs against children of all ages: 15 million girls aged 15 to 19 have experienced incidents of sexual violence in their lives, and 2.5 million young women in 28 European countries report having suffered episodes of sexual violence before the age of 15.
Monica Tsethlikai, Ph.D. - “Participation in Cultural and Family Activities P...youth_nex
Active participation in traditional cultural and family activities is associated with positive development in American Indian children. A study of 50 American Indian children found that those with higher levels of cultural engagement displayed better cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. Additionally, cultural engagement was linked to lower cortisol levels, a stress hormone, and fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety. The findings suggest that promoting involvement in traditional practices may help strengthen resilience and well-being in American Indian youth.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder has no single known cause but is influenced by multiple risk factors. Childhood experiences like insecure attachment styles, neglectful or unequal parenting, abuse and loss increase the risk. Genetics and innate personality traits may also contribute to risk. More research is still needed to better understand the roles of genetics and personality as well as develop more effective treatment options for this difficult to treat condition.
This document discusses risk and protective factors for adolescent bullying. It identifies key factors like peer pressure, home environment, neighborhood, and school that can influence bullying behaviors. The document defines bullying and dispels common myths. It provides statistics on bullying prevalence and discusses the psychology, ethics, and legal aspects of bullying. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of education, motivation, involvement, and thinking of children's futures to address bullying issues.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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1. Literature Review Adolescent Suicide and Alienation By Sunny Bossenmaier
2. The objective of this review is to explore the current complications ofadolescent suicide, and to introduce the importance of alienation and parental relationships in intervention and prevention strategies.
3. Suicide in adolescence is not just defined by its finality of life; it is characterized by years of mental anguish and suffering that is prolonged, intense, and unmanageable.
4. The death leaves the family members, friends, and loved ones trying to make sense of what appears to them to be a senseless act, and to deal with their own feelings of loss, guilt, and shame without answers.
5.
6. Risks Personal characteristicsinclude: mental disorders . a history of a prior suicide attempt . substance abuse personality factors . cognitive factors
16. Socio-environmental factors include Peer relationships . Dropping out of school . Unemployment . Media Impact Socio-economic status . Availability of lethal means . Social isolation Barriers with mental health treatment (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005)
17. Protective Factors family unity . community and social support . problem solving and conflict resolution skills cultural or religious beliefs . self-esteem . self-awareness . availability of a caring adult effective clinical interventions (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005)
18.
19. Research is needed to compare individual coping styles andthe relationship to amending risk factors.
20.
21. Further empirical data is necessary in more universal situations, to make specific claims with the data collected (De Man, 1999; Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010; Taylor et al., 2011). (Jiang, Perry, Hesser, 2010; Kaminski, Paddy, Hall, Cashman, Crosby, Ortega, 2009)
22. Interventions School programs .Problem solving / coping skills . Trainings and screening programs. Emotional problems / family disruption support . Fire arm restriction . Media influence training (Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010 )
23. Barriers to Effective Interventions Stigma of mental illness and suicide . Financial barriers .Mental health system barriers Fragmented services in rural areas . School-based programs lack communication with support agencies. Lack of attention to the importance of family to the suicide prevention process (Jiang, Perry, Hesser, 2010; Kaminski, Puddy, Hall, Cashman, Crosby, Ortega, 2009)
24.
25. Lack of demographic variation does not allow generalizing over populations(De Man, 1999; Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010; Taylor et al., 2011)
26. Strengths and Limitations Continued Researchfrom retrospect information Datacan not be generalized over both populations Not enough research to what degree of effectrisk factors have on the event Questions to how effective prevention interventions are due to risk factor influence (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005)
29. Which precise facet of school environment might bemost likely or most unlikely to prevent the development of suicidal behavior or impact the issue (Jiang, Perry, Hesser, 2010; Kaminski, Puddy, Hall, Cashman, Crosby, Ortega, 2009)
30.
31. Whether thoughts and behaviors related to suicide cause adolescents to become less socially connected
32. Need to see what biological differences there are between people who commit lethal suicide and those who are unsuccessful, and the relationship to alienation Mazza, Flemming, Abbott, Haggerty, & Catalano, 2010) (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005)
33.
34. The rate of deaths in children and young adults due to suicide will continue to grow as more lethal means for attempts are more accessible and the factor of alienation within families continues to skyrocket in our country. (CDC, 2011)
35.
36.
37. References Blake, J. J., Kim, E. S., McCormick, A.L., & Hayes, D., (2011). The dimensionality of social victimization: A preliminary investigation. School Psychology Quarterly, 26 (1), 56-69.
38. Bureau, J.F., Martin, J., Freynet, N., Poirier, A.A., Lafontaine, M.F., & Cloutier, P., (2010). Perceived dimensions of parenting and non-suicidal self-injury in young adults. Adolescense, 39 (5), 484-494.
40. De Man, A.F., (1999). Correlates of suicide ideation in high school students: the importance of depression. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 160 (1), 105-14.
41. Everall, R.D., Bostik, K.E., & Paulson, B.L., (2010). I'm sick of being me: developmental themes in a suicidal adolescent. Adolescence, 40 (160), 693-708.
42. Jiang, Y., Perry, D.K., Hesser, J.E., (2010). Suicide patterns and association with predictors among Rhode Island public high school students: a latent class analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 100 (9), 170-7.
43. Joiner, T.E., Ribeiro, J.D., (2011). Assessment and management of suicidal behavior in teens. Psychiatric Annals, 41 (4), 220-225.
44. Kakhnovets, R., Young, H.L., Purnell, A.L., Huebner, E., & Bishop, C., (2010). Self-reported experience of self-injurious behavior in college students. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 32 (4), 309-323.
45. Kaminski, J.W., Puddy, R.W., Hall, D.M., Cashman, S.Y., Crosby, A.E., Ortega, L.A., (2010). The relative influence of different domains of social connectedness on self-directed violence in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39 (5), 460-73.
46. Mazza, J.J., Fleming, C.B., Abbott, R.D., Haggerty K.P., & Catalano, R.F., (2010). Identifying trajectories of adolescents’ depressive phenomena: an examination of early risk factors, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39 (6), 579-593.
47. Taylor, P. J., Gooding, P., Wood, A., & Tarrier, N., (2011). The role of defeat and entrapment in depression, anxiety, and suicide. Psychological Bulletin, 137 (3), 391-420.
This literature review will describe several aspects of adolescent suicide including (1) risk factors, (2) protective factors, (3) barriers to effective interventions, (4) methodologies, (5) and the limitations and further research needed as it pertains to the factor of alienation in suicide. The significance and objective of this review is to explore the current dilemmas and complications to addressing adolescent suicide, and to introduce the importance of substantiating the relevance of alienation and parental relationships in intervention and prevention strategies.
Suicide in adolescence is not just defined by its finality of life; it is characterized by years of mental anguish and suffering that is prolonged, intense, and unmanageable. There are no palliative measures available that appears to ease the acute and often times inexpressible pain and suffering that is often endured in private silence.
The death process that is chosen by these children to relieve their suffering is as unbearable to the survivors as the life process was to the adolescent committing it. The death leaves the family members, friends, and loved ones trying to make sense of what appears to them to be a senseless act, and to deal with their own feelings of loss, guilt, and shame without answers.
Nationally, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2011) suicide is the third leading cause of death in fifteen to twenty-four year olds, these rates have tripled since 1970 (CDC, 2011). Ninety percent of those that die by suicide have been diagnosed with some form of mental disorder including depression (CDC, 2011).
Personal characteristicsinclude: mental disorders, most commonly depressive and anxiety disorders; a history of a prior suicide attempt; and substance abuse; personality factors such as aggression, lying, defiance, shyness, and emotional reticence; cognitive factors such as poor problem-solving ability
biological factors such as abnormalities in serotonin function and attachment disorders; demographic factors such as gender, males are four times more likely to die from suicide then females; race issues, whites, Native American, and Alaskan Natives are the most at risk ethnicities to be affected by suicide; and sexual orientation (CDC, 2011).
Family related factors include: History within the family of suicidal behavior; higher rates of generational depression and substance abuse within the family; family disruption or separation, and damaged parent-child relationships (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005).
Adverse life situations include: Stressful life events, including personal losses such as romantic and interpersonal relationships; bullying; legal or behavior problems; and childhood trauma, especially physical, mental, or sexual abuse (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005).
Socio-environmental factors include: Peer relationships; dropping out of school; not working; impact of the media hype about the perception of copycat suicide; socio-economic status; availability of lethal means; social isolation; and barriers with mental health treatment (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005). Of all of these risk factors, there are only three that can be linked through research, to independently operate and effect the other factors and these are mental disorders; family trauma and alienation; and history of a prior suicide attempt (Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010).
Protective Factors Several protective factorshave also been identified which are basically the opposite effects of the above risk factors, they include: family unity; community and social support; problem solving and conflict resolution skills; cultural or religious beliefs especially those that discourage suicide behavior or support and value life; self-esteem; self-awareness of direction and purpose; availability of a caring adult, both within the family and in relation to the school environment; and effective clinical interventions and support for mental, physical or substance use disorders (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005).
Methodology and Findings One common theme of methodology concerns in the articles reviewed was that many had sample variation limits and thus the ability to generalize to other situations was compromised. With the current research, additional research is also needed to compare individual coping styles and other individual strengths and what relationship they have to amending risk factors. Although an increasingly large number of empirical studies have been published concerning social factors and adolescent suicide suggesting a strong indication for the importance of social variables to be included in our understanding of suicidal ideation and behavior among adolescents.
The relationship between a number of risk factors and individual strengths may impact different individuals and individual communities at different times in varied and unique ways, these relationship differences must be taken into consideration when attempting to understand which how these factors affect the outcome of suicidal behavior (De Man, 1999; Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010; Taylor et al., 2011). Further empirical data is necessary in more universal situations, in order to make specific claims with the data collected (Jiang, Perry, Hesser, 2010; Kaminski, Puddy, Hall, Cashman, Crosby, Ortega, 2009).
Interventions Interventions need to be diversified and unified to be effective. School programs such as suicide awareness programs, problem solving, and coping skills trainings, along with screening programs, and multisystem support for adolescents with severe emotional problems or family disruption can be effective. Within assorted community programs, it has been noted that the restriction of firearms and trainings that educate the public about media influence show the most promise (Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010 ).
Barriers to Effective Interventions Effective treatment and intervention face a number of identifiable barriers, including stigma of both mental illness and suicide, financial barriers with limited program or insurance coverage of mental health services, and mental health system barriers in limited and fragmented services especially in rural areas. There are barriers in the school system as school-based programs are often times not in adequate communication with mental health services or substance abuse agencies, and do not adequately address the issue of the importance of family to the suicide prevention process (Jiang, Perry, Hesser, 2010; Kaminski, Puddy, Hall, Cashman, Crosby, Ortega, 2009).
Strengths and Limitations of the Studies Research to adolescent suicide has gaps that affect the outcomes of the overall effectiveness of the studies. Literature and research is missing in certain demographic groups in regards to alienation or this information is demographic specific and cannot be generalized over populations, because of this, the difficulty of making concrete conclusions to the issue is compounded shown in (De Man, 1999; Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010; Taylor et al., 2011).
A complication to the research is that much of the evidence is based on studying suicide attempts verses successful suicides, as research gathering with those that complete suicides can only be done from retrospect information, this brings question to whether the data can be generalized over both populations (Blake, Kim, McCormick, & Hayes, 2011). Within the studies of adolescent suicide, there is not enough research as to what degree of effect risk factors have on the event, or on their relationship to how effective prevention interventions are due to their influence (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005).
Further Research With suicidal behavior being so multi-faceted and complex in its interactive relationship with risk and protective factors, there is a great deal of need for ongoing investigation as to how it is influenced by the aspect of alienation. In addition, more in-depth qualitative research is needed in how geographic, demographic, and cultural aspects affect coping skills (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005). Future research should also investigate which precise facet of school environment might be most likely or most unlikely to prevent the development of suicidal behavior or impact the issue (Jiang, Perry, Hesser, 2010; Kaminski, Puddy, Hall, Cashman, Crosby, Ortega, 2009).
Questions should be posed such as, can both the connectedness factor and suicidal thoughts and behaviors be influence by another shared variable, or reversely, can thoughts and behaviors related to suicide cause adolescents to become less socially connected. Studies are lacking investigating this reverse influence factor (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005).