TO PROVE PSEUDOMONAS AS A PLANT PATHOGEN AS WELL AS BIO AGENT

1. OF
AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
SCIENCES
PLPT-324
PREPARED AND SUBMITTED BY:
SHASHI PRAKASH
19BSCAGH155
SECTION-B
BSC(AGRICULTURE)

2. PLPT-324 GROUP PROJECT:
1. Title
2. Objective
3. Justification
4. Methodology
5. Results & Discussion
6. Conclusion
7. References

3. 1. TITLE:
• TO PROVE PSEUDOMONAS AS A
PLANT PATHOGEN AS WELL AS
BIO AGENT

4. 2. OBJECTIVE:
• Our objective is to determine and
study the pattern of pseudomonas
Pathogenic as well as bio agent.

5. 3. JUSTIFICATION:
• Pseudomonas not only affect animals but
also cause harmful effects on plants.
• Pseudomonas can also act as bio-agent thus
preventing plant from several infection.

6. 4. METHODOLOGY:
• Airbrush Infiltration Method for
Pseudomonas syringae Infection Assays in
Soybean.
• Pseudomonas syringae Flood-inoculation
Method in Arabidopsis

7. 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

8. INTRODUCTION:
• Pseudomonas is a genus of Gram-negative,
Gamma proteobacteria, belonging to the
family Pseudomonadaceae and containing
191 validly described species. The members
of the genus demonstrate a great deal of
metabolic diversity and consequently are
able to colonize a wide range of niches.

9. CLASSIFICATION:
• Kingdom: Bacteria
• Phylum: Proteobacteria
• Class: Gamma proteobacteria
• Order: Pseudomonadales
• Family: Pseudomonadaceae
• Genus: Pseudomonas

10. OCCURRENCE:
• Because of their widespread occurrence in
water and plant seeds such as dicots, the
pseudomonads were observed early in the
history of microbiology…

11. CHARACHTERSTICS:
 Members of the genus display these defining
characteristics:
• Rod-shaped
• Gram-negative
• Flagellum one or more, providing motility
• Aerobic
• Non-spore forming
• Catalase-positive
• Oxidase-positive

12. ANIMAL PATHOGENECITY:
• Infectious species include P. aeruginosa, P.
oryzihabitans, and P. plecoglossicida. P.
aeruginosa flourishes in hospital
environments, and is a particular problem
in this environment, since it is the second-
most common infection in hospitalized
patients (nosocomial infections). This
pathogenesis may in part be due to the
proteins secreted by P. aeruginosa. The
bacterium possesses a wide range of
secretion systems, which export
numerous proteins relevant to the
pathogenesis of clinical strains.

13. PLANT PATHOGEN:
• P. syringae is a prolific plant pathogen. It exists as
over 50 different pathovars, many of which
demonstrate a high degree of host-plant
specificity. Numerous other Pseudomonas
species can act as plant pathogens, notably all of
the other members of the P. syringae subgroup,
but P. syringae is the most widespread and best-
studied.
• Although not strictly a plant pathogen, P. tolaasii
can be a major agricultural problem, as it can
cause bacterial blotch of cultivated
mushrooms.[26] Similarly, P. agarici can cause
drippy gill in cultivated mushrooms

14. BIO AGENT:
• Pseudomonas spp. are ubiquitous
bacteria in agricultural soils and have
many traits that make them well suited as
biocontrol agents of soilborne pathogens.
Tremendous progress has been made in
characterizing the process of root
colonization by pseudomonads, the biotic
and abiotic factors affecting colonization,
bacterial traits and genes contributing to
rhizosphere competence, and the
mechanisms of pathogen suppression..

15. Pseudomonas syringae:
• A common pathogen on woody plants
• The bacterium Pseudomonas syringae,
is an opportunistic pathogen which
attacks a wide variety of woody plants
especially when they are damaged by
frost or injury.

16. Pseudomonas syringae:
• While there are a number of strains or
pathovars (pv.) of this organism, pv.
syringae is most important on woody
plants. Pseudomonas syringae pv.
syringae occurs on nursery and
landscape plants throughout the world
and can cause shoot and flower
blights, cankers, and diebacks.

17. Sources of the bacteria:
• On or in bud and twig tissue
• In cankers formed the previous season
• In or on grasses and herbaceous
weeds

18. Symptoms:
• Common, Persian, Chinese, and Japanese lilac leaves
develop round to irregularly shaped brown spots with
yellow halos. These spots enlarge and blight entire
leaves. Succulent twigs are girdled, killed, and turn
black.
• Red, Norway, and Japanese maple leaves can be
spotted, their veins blackened and branch tips killed.
• Other plants known to be susceptible include apple,
pear, cherry, plum, basswood, saucer magnolia, poplar,
dogwood, golden-chain tree, forsythia, and some
herbaceous plants. In nurseries, even Monterey pine
seedlings have been killed by this bacterium.

19. Effects of the bacteria:
• Pseudomonas invades damaged tissue
and produces a toxin that kills
surrounding cells where the bacteria
can then multiply. Also when it is
present on plants, it produces a
protein around which ice crystals form.
As the ice crystals enlarge, they pierce
and severely damage the plant cells.
These damaged cells are then
colonized by Pseudomonas.

20. Spread of the bacteria:
• Wind-driven rain
• Insects
• Use of infected budwood and nursery stock
• On pruning tools
• In aerosols of plant debris, sap, and water
created as bacteria-harboring herbaceous
weeds or crops (such as alfalfa) are cut
(weed-eaters, rotary mowers, harvesters)

21. Management:
• Do not use infected plants as stock or sources of
budwood.
• Avoid planting susceptible species in frost-prone
areas.
• Avoid fertilization practices that result in very
succulent growth in the early spring or in the
fall.
• Prune in the winter or very early spring.
• Disinfect pruning shears between plants.
• Resistance

22. RESISTANCE:
• Fall sprays of certain bactericides are reported
to reduce bacteria populations. Great care must
be exercised if copper sprays are used in the
spring because young tissue is easily damaged
by copper.
• Some populations of Pseudomonas syringae are
resistant to copper. In some plants, the
application of chemicals that induce a resistance
response in the plants that helps protect plants
from some pathogens.

23. Pseudomonas fluorescens:
• Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-
negative, rod-shaped bacterium.
• It belongs to the Pseudomonas genus.
• P. fluorescens has multiple flagella.
• It has an extremely versatile metabolism, and
can be found in the soil and in water.
• It is an obligate aerobe, but certain strains are
capable of using nitrate instead of oxygen as a
final electron acceptor during cellular
respiration.

24. Importance of Pseudomonasfluorescens:
• Biocontrol agents in general and
Pseudomonas fluorescens in particular
have gained importance as a
component of Integrated Pest
Management for sustainable
agriculture

25. Pseudomonas fluorescens (PGPR):
• Pseudomonas fluorescens belong to
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
(PGPR), the important group of
bacteria that play a major role in the
plant growth promotion, induced
systemic resistance, biological control
of plant pathogens etc.

26. P. fluorescens as biocontrol agent:
 The bacteria P. fluorescens possess many traits that
make them well suited as biocontrol and growth-
promoting agents. These include the ability to-
 Grow rapidly in vitro and to be mass produced.
 Rapidly utilize seed and root exudates.
 Colonize and multiply in the rhizosphere and
spermosphere environments and in the interior of the
plants.
 Produce a wide spectrum of bioactive metabolites.
 Compete aggressively with other microorganisms.
 Adapt to environmental stresses and,
 Inexpensive

27. Mode Of Action:
• Antibiotic Production
• Siderophores Production
• Induced Systemic Resistance
• Competition
• Hydrogen Cyanide Production
• Plant Growth Promotion Antibiotic
Production

28. Antibiotic Production:
• The P.fluorescens is very effective
antibiotic producer.
• Many secondary metabolites of P.
fluorescens acts as antibiotics against
plant pathogens.
• The P.fluorescens produces antifungal
compounds which are fungistatic,
inhibiting spore germination and lysis of
fungal mycelia.

29. Antibiotic Produced:
• Phenazine-1-CarboxylicAcid (PCA)
• 2, 4 – Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)
• Pyocinine
• Pyrrolnitrin
• Pyoluteorin
• Oomycin-A

30. Plant Growth PromotionAntibiotic
Production:
• The P.fluorescens promotes plant growth
by prodution of phytohormones such as
Auxins and Gibberrelins and also by
Phosphate solubilization.

31. Isolation and multiplication:
1. It is collected from the rhizospheres.
2. Serial dilution technique is carried out.
3. King’s Bmedium is used for the culture of
Pseudomonas fluorescens.
4. It can be mass multiplied on King’s B
broth.

32. Trade names of Pseudomonas
fluorescens:
1. Sudo
2. Monas
3. Bioshield
4. TNAU Fp- 7
5. Pseudocon
6. Powerall
7. Biomonas

33. Pathogens controlled by P. fluorescens:
 Pythium spp.
 Rhizoctonia solani
 Erwnia caratovora
 Thielaviopsis basicola
 Gaeumannomyces graminisvar. tritici

34. 6. CONCLUSION:
Pseudomonas strains able to significantly control a number of
fungal, bacterial and nematode diseases in cereals, horticultural
crops, oil seeds and others. The efficacy of bacterial antagonism in
controlling diseases was often better than with fungicides.
However, the bacterial antagonism in combination with fungicides
sometimes improved efficacy in controlling diseases. Besides
disease control, treatments also improved seedling health and
yields of crops. Peat soil was found to be the best substrate
followed by farmyard manure and gobar gas for colonization of P.
fluorescens.The present review contributes to future research
programmes that aim to promote P. fluorescens as a potential bio-
pesticide for augmentative biological control of many diseases of
agriculture and horticultural importance. However, a better
understanding of the factors involved, the signalling interaction
among antagonist, pathogen, soil and plants, are yet to be
revealed to promote the biocontrol agents as wide applicable bio-
pesticides in future.

35. 7. REFERENCES:
• https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/
17429140600907043
• https://bio-protocol.org/e2106
• https://www.intechopen.com/books/microbiolo
gy-in-agriculture-and-human-health/an-insight-
into-beneficial-pseudomonas-bacteria
• https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fp
ls.2019.00570/full
• https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PH
YTO-97-2-0250
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas.

36. PREPARED AND SUBMITTED
BY:
SHASHI PRAKASH
19BSCAGH155
SECTION-B
BSC(AGRICULTURE)