different aspects related to trichoderma

1. TRICHODERMA

2. BIO-CONTROL
• According to Baker and Cook’s (1974)
“Biological control is the reduction of
inoculum or disease producing activity of a
pathogen accomplished by or through one or
more organisms other than man.”
• Antagonistic microorganisms like species of
Trichoderma, Penicillium, Bacillus,
Pseudomonas etc.

3. 2
Trichoderma spp. 360
109
35
24
49
12 Metarrhizium anisopliae.
Verticillium lecanii
Beauveria bassiana
Bacillus spp.
NPV
Pseudomonas spp.
22
Commercial Products Based on Biopesticides Registered with
Central Insecticides Board & Registration Committee,
Faridabad, INDIA
Trichoderma has taken vast lead

4. HISTORY
• 1671 – First found in Germany
• 1794 – Identified by Persoon
• 1927 – Gilman and Abbott recognized four
species based on colour, shape of conidia and
colony appearance
• >75 years ago the potential use of
Trichoderma by Weindling (1932) and first to
demonstrate the parasitic activity in wilt of
Pigeon pea

6. TRICHODERMA
• Free living fungus
common in soil and
root ecosystem
• Highly interactive in
root, soil and foliar
environment
• Suppresses the
pathogen by different
mechanism of
biocontrol

7. Colonies of Trichoderma strains on PDA plate (dorsal view) and conidiophore
with conidia. T. virens (IMI-392430),T. pseudokoningii (IMI-392431),T. harzianum
(IMI-392432),T. harzianum (IMI- 392433) and T. harzianum (IMI-392434).

9. GENERAL CHARACTERS
• Cultures are fast growing at 25-30 C
• Conidia forming within on week in compact
or loose tufts in shades of green or yellow or
less frequently white
• Yellow pigment may be secreted into the
agar, specially on PDA
• A characteristic sweet or ‘coconut’ odour is
produced by some species

10. CONIDIOPHORE CHARACTERS
• Highly branched, difficult
to define or measure
• Loosely or compactly
tufted
• Main branches of the
conidiophores produce
lateral side branches
• The branches may
rebranch, with the
secondary branches and
longest secondary
branches being closest to
the main axis

11. CONIDIA
• Typically appear dry but
in some species they
may be held in drops of
clear green or yellow
liquid (e.g. T. virens, T.
flavofuscum)
• Round to oval in shape

13. COMPETITION
• For space and nutrients under specific
condition do not get substrate
• Suppress growth of pathogen population
• E.g: Soil treatment with Trichoderma
harzianum spore suppressed infestation of
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and
F . oxysporum f. sp. melonis
(Perveen and Bokhari, 2012)

14. MYCOPARASITISM
• Antagonist fungi parasitize other pathogenic
fungi
• Hyphae of Trichoderma either grow along the
host hyphae or coil around it
• E.g. : T. harzianum and T. hamatum were
mycoparasite of both Sclerotium rolfsii and R.
solani

15. Mycoparasitism of Trichoderma virens (T) on Rhizoctonia solani (R).
a. Attraction, b. attachment, c. coiling, d. lysis of host hyphae

16. ANTIBIOSIS
• It is the condition in which one or more
metabolites excreted by an organism have
harmful effect on one or more other
organisms
• E.g: Trichoderma secreted Trichodermin,
viridine, Trichothecin, Sesqiterpine etc.

18. PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER
• Trichoderma strains solubilize phosphates and
micronutrients
• The application of Trichoderma strains in
rhizosphere of plants increases the number of
deep roots, there by increasing the plants
ability to resist drought

19. WHERE DO THEY CAN ISOLATE?

21. MASS MULTIPLICATION
• Mix 30 gm molasses and 6gm Brewer’s yeast in 1
litre of water. Distribute 60 ml in each conical
flask &Autoclave
• Inoculate 8mm mycelial discs of Trichoderma in
medium
• Incubate for 10 days at room temperature
• Use for multiplication in the fermentor
• Prepare 50 lit of molasses + yeast medium and
sterilize for 30 min in the fermentor
• Transfer aseptically 1 lit of Trichoderma

22. • Incubate for 10 days
• using haemocytometer (108 /ml spore)
• 500 ml of fungal biomass + 1 kg of talc powder
• Air dry add carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) +
sticker 5 gm / kg
• Store in polythene bag

25. METHODS OF APPLICATION
• Seed treatment: Mix 6 - 10 g of Trichoderma
powder per Kg of seed before sowing.
• Nursery treatment: Apply 10 - 25 g of
Trichoderma powder per 100 m2 of nursery bed.
Application of neem cake and FYM before
treatment increases the efficacy.
• Cutting and seedling root dip: Mix 10g of
Trichoderma powder along with 100g of well
rotten FYM per litre of water and dip the cuttings
and seedlings for 10 minutes before planting

26. • Soil treatment: Apply 5 Kg of Trichoderma powder
per ha after turning of sun hemp or dhaincha into
the soil for green manuring Or Mix 1kg of
Trichoderma formulation in 100kg of farmyard
manure and cover it for 7 days with polythene.
Sprinkle the heap with water intermittently. Turn
the mixture in every 3-4 days interval and then
broadcast in the field.
• Plant Treatment: Drench the soil near stem region
with 10g Trichoderma powder mixed in a litre of
water

27. ADVANTAGES
• Enhances yield along with quality of produce
• Boost germination rate
• Increase in shoot & Root length
• Solubilising various insoluble forms of Phosphates
• Augment Nitrogen fixing
• Promote healthy growth in early stages of crop
• Increase Dry matter Production substantially
• They can promote nutrient uptake and enhance plant
growth
• Provide natural long term immunity to crops and soil.

28. PRECAUTIONS
• Don't use chemical fungicide after application
of Trichoderma for 4-5 days.
• Don't use Trichoderma in dry soil. Moisture is
a essential factor for its growth and
survivability.
• Don't put the treated seeds in direct sun rays.
• Don't keep the treated FYM for longer
duration

29. COMPATABILITY
• Compatible with Organic manure, biofertilizers
like Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Mycorrhizae,
Azotobacter, Bacillus Subtilis and
Phosphobacteria, Gliocladium virens,
Pseudomonas fluorescens
• Trichoderma can be applied to seeds treated with
Metalaxyl or Captan, Carboxin, Carbendazium but
not Mercurials.
Kulkarni and Sagar, 2007

30. Let us nurture the nature for our
future by ECO- SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE Using Bio-control
THANK YOU