Presentation made at IUSSP 2009, describing baseline results of research on a randomized intervention of HIV, lifeskills, and financial education for young people in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
This document summarizes the Siyakha Nentsha project which aims to improve the economic, health, and social capabilities of vulnerable youth in South Africa. The project provides evidence-based, multi-sectoral interventions on HIV/AIDS, reproductive health, and financial capabilities to adolescents at high risk of issues like early pregnancy, school dropout, and lack of opportunities. Quantitative and qualitative data is collected through surveys and focus groups to evaluate the impact on knowledge, behaviors, and well-being. Preliminary results show improvements in topics like partner reduction, condom use confidence, and STI knowledge for both males and females in the intervention groups.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the Siyakha Nentsha program, an adolescent HIV prevention program in South Africa that included financial education and social support components. The study found that adolescents living in poverty who lacked social connections were more vulnerable to HIV risk behaviors like early sexual debut. The purpose of the program was to improve adolescents' functional capabilities, well-being, and reduce risks of HIV, early pregnancy, and school dropout. The program provided evidence-based, multi-session lessons on HIV/RH/life skills and financial capabilities. Results showed the program increased knowledge of HIV, condom use, and empowerment, and reduced sexual risk behaviors and number of partners, especially among females.
Young Women’s Household Bargaining Power in Marriage and Parenthood in Ethiopia
Nardos Chuta
Conference on Adolescence, Youth and Gender: Building Knowledge for Change
Lady Margaret Hall, University of Oxford
08 September 2016
“Siyakha Nentsha” Enhancing the Economic, Health, and Social Capabilities of ...Isihlangu HDA
The document summarizes a project called "Siyakha Nentsha" that aims to improve the capabilities and well-being of vulnerable South African youth. The project provides adolescents with education on sexual and reproductive health, social support networks, and financial literacy. It involves a multi-session curriculum delivered in schools by young adult mentors. Baseline research found risk behaviors were linked to poverty, lack of social support, and orphanhood. Early results found the intervention improved knowledge and attitudes regarding health, financial management, and social support.
Siyakha Nentsha. A randomized experiment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to examine how HIV/AIDS education supplemented with financial education and social support impacts upon young women's and young men's economic, health and social capabilities
The document summarizes findings from a report on girls' programming in Greater Boston. It finds that (1) the needs of girls are growing as statistics on delinquency, violence, and exploitation have increased, yet (2) girls are woefully underserved by current programs and receive only 6% of philanthropic funding despite growing needs, and (3) more research and gender-sensitive programming is urgently needed to address the unique needs of girls. It provides recommendations to researchers, policymakers, funders, and programmers to advocate for girls and improve gender-sensitive youth programming.
The document discusses gender identity and the factors that influence it. It explains that gender identity is a person's internal sense of their own gender, which may or may not correspond to their sex assigned at birth. It explores both biological factors like genes and hormones, as well as strong social and environmental influences like parental attitudes and cultural norms. The document also addresses how gender roles and stereotypes are learned from a young age but are becoming more flexible in modern times.
This document summarizes the Siyakha Nentsha project which aims to improve the economic, health, and social capabilities of vulnerable youth in South Africa. The project provides evidence-based, multi-sectoral interventions on HIV/AIDS, reproductive health, and financial capabilities to adolescents at high risk of issues like early pregnancy, school dropout, and lack of opportunities. Quantitative and qualitative data is collected through surveys and focus groups to evaluate the impact on knowledge, behaviors, and well-being. Preliminary results show improvements in topics like partner reduction, condom use confidence, and STI knowledge for both males and females in the intervention groups.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the Siyakha Nentsha program, an adolescent HIV prevention program in South Africa that included financial education and social support components. The study found that adolescents living in poverty who lacked social connections were more vulnerable to HIV risk behaviors like early sexual debut. The purpose of the program was to improve adolescents' functional capabilities, well-being, and reduce risks of HIV, early pregnancy, and school dropout. The program provided evidence-based, multi-session lessons on HIV/RH/life skills and financial capabilities. Results showed the program increased knowledge of HIV, condom use, and empowerment, and reduced sexual risk behaviors and number of partners, especially among females.
Young Women’s Household Bargaining Power in Marriage and Parenthood in Ethiopia
Nardos Chuta
Conference on Adolescence, Youth and Gender: Building Knowledge for Change
Lady Margaret Hall, University of Oxford
08 September 2016
“Siyakha Nentsha” Enhancing the Economic, Health, and Social Capabilities of ...Isihlangu HDA
The document summarizes a project called "Siyakha Nentsha" that aims to improve the capabilities and well-being of vulnerable South African youth. The project provides adolescents with education on sexual and reproductive health, social support networks, and financial literacy. It involves a multi-session curriculum delivered in schools by young adult mentors. Baseline research found risk behaviors were linked to poverty, lack of social support, and orphanhood. Early results found the intervention improved knowledge and attitudes regarding health, financial management, and social support.
Siyakha Nentsha. A randomized experiment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to examine how HIV/AIDS education supplemented with financial education and social support impacts upon young women's and young men's economic, health and social capabilities
The document summarizes findings from a report on girls' programming in Greater Boston. It finds that (1) the needs of girls are growing as statistics on delinquency, violence, and exploitation have increased, yet (2) girls are woefully underserved by current programs and receive only 6% of philanthropic funding despite growing needs, and (3) more research and gender-sensitive programming is urgently needed to address the unique needs of girls. It provides recommendations to researchers, policymakers, funders, and programmers to advocate for girls and improve gender-sensitive youth programming.
The document discusses gender identity and the factors that influence it. It explains that gender identity is a person's internal sense of their own gender, which may or may not correspond to their sex assigned at birth. It explores both biological factors like genes and hormones, as well as strong social and environmental influences like parental attitudes and cultural norms. The document also addresses how gender roles and stereotypes are learned from a young age but are becoming more flexible in modern times.
This document summarizes a project that aims to improve sexual and reproductive health services for at-risk youth in four cities. The project will engage young people aged 12-21 from disadvantaged backgrounds, including those living in poverty, without access to education, or engaged in sex work. Through participatory workshops and media, the youth will share their health needs and raise awareness of issues like teenage pregnancy and HIV. Lessons learned will be used to strengthen support for at-risk youth in accessing sexual health services.
Marginalized populations group presentationmroe589
The document discusses several difficult family dynamics that students may experience such as having an incarcerated parent, parents that are divorced, or being a teen parent. It also covers challenges faced by gay teens such as higher dropout rates and increased risk of depression due to stigma, lack of support, and bullying. Potential solutions proposed include raising awareness, encouraging open dialogue, establishing safe zones, and implementing anti-bullying programs.
Partho Banik submitted an assignment on gender inequality and discrimination in Bangladesh to their lecturer MD. Akram Ullah. The 3-page document discusses topics like the definition of gender, causes of gender inequality in Bangladesh, fields impacted by inequality like health, education, employment and politics, as well as solutions to lower discrimination. It provides federal laws aimed at leveling opportunities between men and women. The conclusion recognizes that inequality exists more in rural areas and has implications for long-term consequences if not addressed.
This document discusses gender inequality and the challenges faced by women in obtaining education and employment opportunities in Pakistan. While the constitution guarantees women's right to education, gender discrepancies still exist, especially in rural areas where traditional social structures govern. Only about 26% of women participate in the labor force, reflecting the cultural norms that segregate gender roles. The document calls for addressing gender inequality and expanding access to education and jobs for women.
Persons with disabilities are affected differently by their gender, as disabilities impact women more than men due to social and cultural roles. Discriminatory cultural practices regarding property inheritance and ownership adversely affect women with disabilities' livelihoods more than men. Inadequate programs that do not focus enough on the specific needs of women with disabilities during service delivery make it difficult for them to access healthcare, education, and other services. A lack of public awareness and negative attitudes along with an absence of gender-specific programs remain challenges for women with disabilities.
Within our reach - Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment Post 2015Dr Lendy Spires
1) Gender inequality is a global challenge that stunts the prospects and life chances of millions of women and girls through widespread discrimination.
2) However, securing equal rights for women has never been closer due to important gains over the last 15 years like increased representation in government and parity in primary school enrollment.
3) A new post-2015 framework must finish achieving the goals of the MDGs, tackle critical barriers like gender-based violence, and establish a new global partnership to support countries' efforts to reduce gender inequalities and empower women.
1) The document discusses the differences between sex and gender, where sex refers to biological differences while gender refers to roles and identities that are socially constructed.
2) It explains that gender roles and expectations can lead to inequalities in areas like power, decision making, assets, and freedom between men and women.
3) The roles and responsibilities assigned to men and women are context specific and can change over time across cultures and societies.
Global and national perspective of women with disabilitiesCarmen Zubiaga
650 million people, or 10% of the world's population, live with disabilities. Women and girls with disabilities face double discrimination based on both their gender and disability status. They experience barriers to access in areas like education, employment, health care, and participation in economic decision-making. International agreements recognize the need to promote gender equality for women with disabilities and ensure they can equally enjoy all human rights. However, women with disabilities remain invisible both among disability rights groups and women's advocacy organizations. There is a need for special measures to better integrate women with disabilities into policymaking and development programs at all levels.
Women with disabilities experience domestic violence and abuse at higher rates than able-bodied women. Several studies have found that women with disabilities experience more severe and longer-lasting physical and sexual abuse at higher percentages than women without disabilities. However, research in this area is complex due to varying definitions and methodologies. There is a need for more comprehensive research that examines the unique forms of abuse experienced by women with disabilities, especially for women with multiple marginalized identities. Programs and services also need evaluation to ensure they are adequately meeting the needs of women with disabilities experiencing domestic violence.
Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender, which arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles. Gender relations in India are unequal with respect to power, privilege, and property. To combat gender inequality and promote equality, efforts should be made to offer high-level education to women, increase their employment and involvement in politics and social activities, arrange social protection programs, and generate awareness among parents through scholarships for girls. Workplaces should also provide equal pay and remove barriers to full participation for both women and men while eliminating discrimination based on gender or caring responsibilities.
This document discusses how neighborhood conditions can influence individual outcomes for children and adolescents. It notes that while research shows neighborhood plays a role, the specific impacts are still unclear. For adolescents, peer influences like antisocial behavior, adult role models, and availability of afterschool programs may be particularly important. Exposure to crime and violence is also linked to negative outcomes for youth. The document examines different conceptual frameworks for understanding neighborhood effects and challenges in accurately measuring these impacts.
This document discusses gender and development. It outlines different approaches to gender and development such as women in development, women and development, and gender and development. It also discusses several gender issues including gender and education, resources, work, maternal mortality, declining sex ratios, migration patterns, and violence. The document emphasizes that gender is a social construct that varies by culture, rather than being biologically determined. It highlights the benefits of educating women for development outcomes like reduced infant mortality and improved child health. Overall, the document argues that addressing gender inequalities through policies and institutions is important for promoting economic growth and development.
This document outlines objectives and sessions for a gender sensitization and technical capacity building training workshop for radio staff. The training aims to raise awareness of gender issues among radio production teams and help them advocate for gender equality through their programs.
The first session discusses gender broadcasting and how community radio can be used to sensitize audiences and promote development from a gender perspective. The second session covers emerging concepts in radio production like documentaries, talk shows and addressing issues like sensationalism. The third session looks at refining traditional tools and techniques from a gender perspective, including storytelling, radio portraits and public service messages. The final session involves group planning of a program on a gender issue.
Presentation by Jemimah Njuki at the FAO-ILRI Workshop on Integrating Gender in Livestock Projects and Programs, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 22-25 November 2011.
This document discusses envisioning a gender fair society through analyzing sex and gender differences, the gender and development framework in education, and changes needed to achieve greater gender equality. It examines feminist theories that view gender inequality through legal rights, social institutions, and women's reproductive roles. The document envisions a world without male dominance where cultural values equally value females and males and both women and men can access all social roles. Achieving this requires changes in education, the economy, family, and policies to support gender equal participation and responsibilities in both public and private spheres.
The document discusses the differences between sex and gender from biological and social perspectives. Biologically, there are anatomical, physiological, genetic, and vulnerability differences between males and females. Socially, gender roles assign responsibilities, behaviors, expectations, power, access, rights, and entitlement that typically assign lower status to women and higher status to men. A gender analysis framework is presented to help identify differences in roles, power imbalances, needs, constraints, and opportunities between males and females to understand how these impact health outcomes like vulnerability to disease and access to care.
This document discusses gender inequality and outlines strategies to promote gender equality. It defines gender as the relationship between men and women in society and a gender gap as a disproportionate difference between the sexes. Gender inequality hurts all of society. The document recommends reducing socialization of gender stereotypes, increasing public awareness and enforcement of laws, and funding for programs that support women. It distinguishes between gender equity, which is fair treatment of both genders, and gender equality, which means both genders have equal status and opportunities.
India has one of the lowest sex ratios in the world at 933 females per 1000 males. This is due to strong son preference and practices like female infanticide and foeticide. Over 1 in 3 Indian girls do not live to see their 15th birthday. Haryana state has the worst ratio of 879 females per 1000 males. The document discusses key concepts in gender and development like patriarchy, gender discrimination, and women's empowerment. It contrasts the Women in Development and Gender and Development approaches, noting that GAD focuses on challenging gender roles and relations to achieve social and gender equality.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the Siyakha Nentsha program, an adolescent HIV prevention program in South Africa that included financial education and social support components. The study was conducted in semi-rural KwaZulu-Natal, an area with high rates of poverty, unemployment, early pregnancy, and HIV. Formative research found that adolescents living in poverty, without social connections, or orphaned faced greater HIV risk. The program aimed to improve adolescents' well-being, knowledge, and reduce HIV risk. Adolescents were randomly assigned to receive the standard HIV prevention curriculum or that plus financial education. Surveys assessed outcomes related to empowerment, knowledge, and risk behaviors. Preliminary results found some
The document discusses migrating from the current Lotus Notes system to a new content management system (CMS) in order to improve website accessibility, flexibility, and reduce maintenance costs. It evaluates options like commercial, open source, and custom-built systems before recommending building a new CMS using Ruby on Rails for the front end and CouchDB for the database and content delivery. The document outlines a step-by-step migration scenario to develop the new system in parallel and transition over time through testing, database migration, and redirecting old links. The planned timeframe is to start implementation in January and launch the new CMS in production by November.
The document discusses lessons that can be learned from the flying formations of geese. It notes that geese fly in a V-shape formation which allows them to fly 71% farther than a single goose alone. It discusses 5 key lessons: 1) Working as a team gets you to your destination quicker, 2) Staying united with others going in the same direction makes the effort easier, 3) Sharing leadership responsibilities, 4) Encouragement from others increases progress, and 5) Supporting each other especially during difficulties is important. The overall message is that by bonding together and supporting each other like geese, life will be easier and more fulfilling.
The document provides advice and words of encouragement. It suggests that one should not compare themselves to others and that problems will have solutions. It also notes that every successful person faced hardships but had a successful ending, and that while the past cannot be changed, one can create a successful future. The document encourages focusing on solutions rather than worries, and facing changes rather than complaining.
This document summarizes a project that aims to improve sexual and reproductive health services for at-risk youth in four cities. The project will engage young people aged 12-21 from disadvantaged backgrounds, including those living in poverty, without access to education, or engaged in sex work. Through participatory workshops and media, the youth will share their health needs and raise awareness of issues like teenage pregnancy and HIV. Lessons learned will be used to strengthen support for at-risk youth in accessing sexual health services.
Marginalized populations group presentationmroe589
The document discusses several difficult family dynamics that students may experience such as having an incarcerated parent, parents that are divorced, or being a teen parent. It also covers challenges faced by gay teens such as higher dropout rates and increased risk of depression due to stigma, lack of support, and bullying. Potential solutions proposed include raising awareness, encouraging open dialogue, establishing safe zones, and implementing anti-bullying programs.
Partho Banik submitted an assignment on gender inequality and discrimination in Bangladesh to their lecturer MD. Akram Ullah. The 3-page document discusses topics like the definition of gender, causes of gender inequality in Bangladesh, fields impacted by inequality like health, education, employment and politics, as well as solutions to lower discrimination. It provides federal laws aimed at leveling opportunities between men and women. The conclusion recognizes that inequality exists more in rural areas and has implications for long-term consequences if not addressed.
This document discusses gender inequality and the challenges faced by women in obtaining education and employment opportunities in Pakistan. While the constitution guarantees women's right to education, gender discrepancies still exist, especially in rural areas where traditional social structures govern. Only about 26% of women participate in the labor force, reflecting the cultural norms that segregate gender roles. The document calls for addressing gender inequality and expanding access to education and jobs for women.
Persons with disabilities are affected differently by their gender, as disabilities impact women more than men due to social and cultural roles. Discriminatory cultural practices regarding property inheritance and ownership adversely affect women with disabilities' livelihoods more than men. Inadequate programs that do not focus enough on the specific needs of women with disabilities during service delivery make it difficult for them to access healthcare, education, and other services. A lack of public awareness and negative attitudes along with an absence of gender-specific programs remain challenges for women with disabilities.
Within our reach - Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment Post 2015Dr Lendy Spires
1) Gender inequality is a global challenge that stunts the prospects and life chances of millions of women and girls through widespread discrimination.
2) However, securing equal rights for women has never been closer due to important gains over the last 15 years like increased representation in government and parity in primary school enrollment.
3) A new post-2015 framework must finish achieving the goals of the MDGs, tackle critical barriers like gender-based violence, and establish a new global partnership to support countries' efforts to reduce gender inequalities and empower women.
1) The document discusses the differences between sex and gender, where sex refers to biological differences while gender refers to roles and identities that are socially constructed.
2) It explains that gender roles and expectations can lead to inequalities in areas like power, decision making, assets, and freedom between men and women.
3) The roles and responsibilities assigned to men and women are context specific and can change over time across cultures and societies.
Global and national perspective of women with disabilitiesCarmen Zubiaga
650 million people, or 10% of the world's population, live with disabilities. Women and girls with disabilities face double discrimination based on both their gender and disability status. They experience barriers to access in areas like education, employment, health care, and participation in economic decision-making. International agreements recognize the need to promote gender equality for women with disabilities and ensure they can equally enjoy all human rights. However, women with disabilities remain invisible both among disability rights groups and women's advocacy organizations. There is a need for special measures to better integrate women with disabilities into policymaking and development programs at all levels.
Women with disabilities experience domestic violence and abuse at higher rates than able-bodied women. Several studies have found that women with disabilities experience more severe and longer-lasting physical and sexual abuse at higher percentages than women without disabilities. However, research in this area is complex due to varying definitions and methodologies. There is a need for more comprehensive research that examines the unique forms of abuse experienced by women with disabilities, especially for women with multiple marginalized identities. Programs and services also need evaluation to ensure they are adequately meeting the needs of women with disabilities experiencing domestic violence.
Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender, which arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles. Gender relations in India are unequal with respect to power, privilege, and property. To combat gender inequality and promote equality, efforts should be made to offer high-level education to women, increase their employment and involvement in politics and social activities, arrange social protection programs, and generate awareness among parents through scholarships for girls. Workplaces should also provide equal pay and remove barriers to full participation for both women and men while eliminating discrimination based on gender or caring responsibilities.
This document discusses how neighborhood conditions can influence individual outcomes for children and adolescents. It notes that while research shows neighborhood plays a role, the specific impacts are still unclear. For adolescents, peer influences like antisocial behavior, adult role models, and availability of afterschool programs may be particularly important. Exposure to crime and violence is also linked to negative outcomes for youth. The document examines different conceptual frameworks for understanding neighborhood effects and challenges in accurately measuring these impacts.
This document discusses gender and development. It outlines different approaches to gender and development such as women in development, women and development, and gender and development. It also discusses several gender issues including gender and education, resources, work, maternal mortality, declining sex ratios, migration patterns, and violence. The document emphasizes that gender is a social construct that varies by culture, rather than being biologically determined. It highlights the benefits of educating women for development outcomes like reduced infant mortality and improved child health. Overall, the document argues that addressing gender inequalities through policies and institutions is important for promoting economic growth and development.
This document outlines objectives and sessions for a gender sensitization and technical capacity building training workshop for radio staff. The training aims to raise awareness of gender issues among radio production teams and help them advocate for gender equality through their programs.
The first session discusses gender broadcasting and how community radio can be used to sensitize audiences and promote development from a gender perspective. The second session covers emerging concepts in radio production like documentaries, talk shows and addressing issues like sensationalism. The third session looks at refining traditional tools and techniques from a gender perspective, including storytelling, radio portraits and public service messages. The final session involves group planning of a program on a gender issue.
Presentation by Jemimah Njuki at the FAO-ILRI Workshop on Integrating Gender in Livestock Projects and Programs, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 22-25 November 2011.
This document discusses envisioning a gender fair society through analyzing sex and gender differences, the gender and development framework in education, and changes needed to achieve greater gender equality. It examines feminist theories that view gender inequality through legal rights, social institutions, and women's reproductive roles. The document envisions a world without male dominance where cultural values equally value females and males and both women and men can access all social roles. Achieving this requires changes in education, the economy, family, and policies to support gender equal participation and responsibilities in both public and private spheres.
The document discusses the differences between sex and gender from biological and social perspectives. Biologically, there are anatomical, physiological, genetic, and vulnerability differences between males and females. Socially, gender roles assign responsibilities, behaviors, expectations, power, access, rights, and entitlement that typically assign lower status to women and higher status to men. A gender analysis framework is presented to help identify differences in roles, power imbalances, needs, constraints, and opportunities between males and females to understand how these impact health outcomes like vulnerability to disease and access to care.
This document discusses gender inequality and outlines strategies to promote gender equality. It defines gender as the relationship between men and women in society and a gender gap as a disproportionate difference between the sexes. Gender inequality hurts all of society. The document recommends reducing socialization of gender stereotypes, increasing public awareness and enforcement of laws, and funding for programs that support women. It distinguishes between gender equity, which is fair treatment of both genders, and gender equality, which means both genders have equal status and opportunities.
India has one of the lowest sex ratios in the world at 933 females per 1000 males. This is due to strong son preference and practices like female infanticide and foeticide. Over 1 in 3 Indian girls do not live to see their 15th birthday. Haryana state has the worst ratio of 879 females per 1000 males. The document discusses key concepts in gender and development like patriarchy, gender discrimination, and women's empowerment. It contrasts the Women in Development and Gender and Development approaches, noting that GAD focuses on challenging gender roles and relations to achieve social and gender equality.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the Siyakha Nentsha program, an adolescent HIV prevention program in South Africa that included financial education and social support components. The study was conducted in semi-rural KwaZulu-Natal, an area with high rates of poverty, unemployment, early pregnancy, and HIV. Formative research found that adolescents living in poverty, without social connections, or orphaned faced greater HIV risk. The program aimed to improve adolescents' well-being, knowledge, and reduce HIV risk. Adolescents were randomly assigned to receive the standard HIV prevention curriculum or that plus financial education. Surveys assessed outcomes related to empowerment, knowledge, and risk behaviors. Preliminary results found some
The document discusses migrating from the current Lotus Notes system to a new content management system (CMS) in order to improve website accessibility, flexibility, and reduce maintenance costs. It evaluates options like commercial, open source, and custom-built systems before recommending building a new CMS using Ruby on Rails for the front end and CouchDB for the database and content delivery. The document outlines a step-by-step migration scenario to develop the new system in parallel and transition over time through testing, database migration, and redirecting old links. The planned timeframe is to start implementation in January and launch the new CMS in production by November.
The document discusses lessons that can be learned from the flying formations of geese. It notes that geese fly in a V-shape formation which allows them to fly 71% farther than a single goose alone. It discusses 5 key lessons: 1) Working as a team gets you to your destination quicker, 2) Staying united with others going in the same direction makes the effort easier, 3) Sharing leadership responsibilities, 4) Encouragement from others increases progress, and 5) Supporting each other especially during difficulties is important. The overall message is that by bonding together and supporting each other like geese, life will be easier and more fulfilling.
The document provides advice and words of encouragement. It suggests that one should not compare themselves to others and that problems will have solutions. It also notes that every successful person faced hardships but had a successful ending, and that while the past cannot be changed, one can create a successful future. The document encourages focusing on solutions rather than worries, and facing changes rather than complaining.
The document summarizes key issues related to AIDS in 2010. It discusses (1) important dates like 2010 targets for universal access and the MDG deadline in 2015, (2) recent leadership changes and calls to mainstream AIDS responses, and (3) major issues for 2010 like nuanced prevention strategies, expanding treatment access, and sustainability concerns given the economic crisis.
This document introduces a supplement issue on poverty, HIV, and AIDS in Southern Africa. It notes that over 25 years since AIDS was first reported, it has become one of the most studied diseases in history. However, the social, economic, behavioral, and psychological drivers of HIV spread remain less understood, as do the long-term consequences of increased illness and death in poor communities. While early fears predicted rapid HIV spread outside of Africa, the virus has spread diversely. Some populations have not seen generalized heterosexual epidemics. This supplement aims to provide empirical evidence on vulnerability, associations between poverty, HIV, and AIDS impact through multiple studies and perspectives.
The document discusses three main points:
1) Achieving the Millennium Development Goals requires universal access to reproductive healthcare for women in Africa in order to effectively roll back HIV in the region.
2) The African Women's Protocol commits to achieving this universal access and reproductive rights, including access to information, services, and decision making.
3) For these goals to be realized, all African governments must ratify, domesticate, and report on their implementation of the African Women's Protocol.
The document provides advice and words of encouragement. It suggests that one should not compare themselves to others and that problems will always have solutions. It also notes that every successful person has faced difficulties and painful experiences, but were able to turn their stories into success. The document encourages taking action now to create a better future and dealing with problems without worrying or complaining.
This document summarizes a participatory action research study that aimed to explore barriers to HIV prevention, testing, and treatment services among commercial sex workers in Lilongwe, Malawi and identify solutions. The study found high HIV knowledge but low uptake of services due to barriers both within the community and health services. Through participatory meetings, priorities were identified as lack of early treatment seeking, poor treatment of sex workers at facilities, and lack of adherence. An intervention was implemented involving counseling, engagement at workplaces, joint committees, and health worker sensitization. Follow up surveys found improvements across areas, suggesting the process addressed barriers and increased service uptake. The study highlights the need for community involvement, addressing stigma, and integrating services to improve access
Can financial education and social support enhance the effectiveness of an ad...Isihlangu HDA
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the Siyakha Nentsha program, an adolescent HIV prevention program in South Africa that included financial education and social support components. The study found that adolescents living in poverty who lacked social connections were more vulnerable to HIV risk behaviors like early sexual debut. The purpose of the program was to improve adolescents' functional capabilities, well-being, and reduce HIV risk by providing evidence-based, multi-sectoral interventions on HIV/RH education plus financial capability training. Analysis found that the program increased adolescents' awareness, empowerment, and reduced sexual risk behaviors, especially among females. Participant feedback also indicated the program improved their knowledge beyond what was taught in school.
“Siyakha Nentsha” Enhancing the Economic, Health, and Social Capabilities of ...Isihlangu HDA
This document summarizes the Siyakha Nentsha project which aims to improve the economic, health, and social capabilities of vulnerable youth in South Africa. The project provides evidence-based, multi-sectoral interventions on HIV/AIDS, reproductive health, and financial capabilities to adolescents at high risk of issues like early pregnancy, school dropout, and lack of opportunities. Quantitative and qualitative data is collected through surveys and focus groups to evaluate the impact on knowledge, behaviors, and well-being. Preliminary results show improvements in topics like partner reduction, condom use confidence, and STI knowledge for both males and females in the intervention groups.
Can financial education and social support enhance the effectiveness of an ad...Isihlangu HDA
This document summarizes a study evaluating the Siyakha Nentsha program, an adolescent HIV prevention program in South Africa that provides HIV education, social support, and financial capability training. The program aims to improve well-being and reduce HIV risk among at-risk youth. Early results found that females in the program felt more powerful, participants had greater awareness of social grants and confidence in condom use, and sexual behaviors were less influenced by drugs/alcohol. Male participants also reported a reduction in the number of sexual partners in the last year. Qualitative feedback from participants was positive, finding the program built life skills and confidence to pursue their goals. More analysis of long term outcomes is still needed.
This document summarizes a study on the Siyakha Nentsha program, an adolescent HIV prevention program in South Africa that provides HIV education, social support, and financial capability training. The program aims to improve well-being and reduce HIV risk among at-risk youth. Early results found that females in the program felt more powerful, participants had greater awareness of social grants and confidence in condom use, and sexual behaviors were less influenced by drugs/alcohol. Participants reported the program taught them life skills to build their future. Further analysis of longer-term outcomes is still underway.
Building health, social and economic capabilities among adolescentsIsihlangu HDA
This document summarizes the Siyakha Nentsha program in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa which aims to improve the capabilities and well-being of at-risk adolescents. Formative research found factors like poverty, fewer social connections, and orphanhood were associated with higher HIV risk. The program provides a government-accredited curriculum teaching HIV/AIDS prevention, financial literacy, and future planning. Facilitators are local young adult graduates who meet with students. Research evaluates the program's impact on behaviors, attitudes, aspirations, and empowerment through longitudinal surveys. The goal is to scale up the school-based program and involve guardians.
Building health, social and economic capabilities among adolescents: the Siya...Isihlangu HDA
This document summarizes the Siyakha Nentsha program in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which aims to build health, social, and economic capabilities among adolescents at high risk for HIV/AIDS, teenage pregnancy, and other issues. The program provides an evidence-based, multi-session, multi-sectoral intervention that includes HIV education, social support, and financial literacy. Evaluations found the program improved adolescents' awareness and knowledge of HIV/AIDS, social services, and safe sex practices. Participant interviews revealed the program increased self-esteem, confidence, and future planning. Ongoing research is exploring additional outcomes related to gender attitudes, empowerment, and behaviors.
Siyakha Nentsha: building assets and reducing vulnerability in KwaZulu NatalIsihlangu HDA
This document summarizes a project in KwaZulu-Natal called SiyakhaNentsha that aims to build assets and reduce vulnerabilities for adolescents. The project provides participatory and action-oriented training in schools on topics like HIV, sexual and reproductive health, economic skills, and social support. It measures changes in participants' knowledge, behaviors, and pursuit of opportunities. While focused on KwaZulu-Natal, the skills taught could also help young people who plan to migrate within South Africa. The project collects data on participants' circumstances, skills, and social networks that may be relevant for understanding migration decisions and capabilities.
This document summarizes findings from a pilot program in South Africa that aimed to address social and economic factors influencing HIV risk among youth. Formative research found that youth living in poverty, lacking social connections, being orphaned, or not enrolled in school were more vulnerable. The pilot program provided weekly sessions for groups of 10-20 youth to reduce social isolation, increase financial literacy, and teach about sexuality/STIs/HIV. Emerging findings showed participants had larger increases than comparisons in discussing contraception, HIV/AIDS, and gender-based violence, and greater improvements in savings behaviors. Participants reported the program was an "eye-opener" and helped them understand health issues not covered in school. Next steps include a full evaluation and
Young women in South Africa are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, with infection rates four times higher than young men. Researchers conducted a study examining how poverty, orphanhood, and social isolation relate to risky sexual behaviors. They developed a pilot intervention program to enhance life options for at-risk youth through safe social spaces, financial literacy training, and HIV/AIDS education. Preliminary findings show the intervention was associated with improved knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding self-esteem, finances, and HIV prevention among participants.
Young women in Ethiopia face many challenges including unequal access to education, harmful traditional practices like early marriage and female genital cutting, reproductive health issues, poverty, and unemployment. To address these issues, the YWCA of Ethiopia provides programs in economic empowerment through skills training, reproductive health education, and youth leadership development. They aim to enhance the socioeconomic status of women and girls in Ethiopia.
International professional psychology of serviceSusan Hawes
Western psychologists are called to provide services to address the needs of disadvantaged children in developing countries. Key needs include improving children's health, nutrition, education and development. Successful interventions integrate these areas, involve parents and communities, provide age-appropriate learning activities, and give staff systematic training. Assessments and programs should be culturally-sensitive and empower local people and organizations. Psychologists can help by collaborating with local experts, evaluating programs, conducting research, and teaching about global issues.
Dangerous Ideas in Development Presentation on Children and AIDSIDS
A presentation given in the UK Parliament by Jerker Edstrom as part of the Dangerous Ideas in Development series run by IDS and the All Party Parliamentary Group on Debt, AID and Trade
Emerging Trends Between Countries On Youthbicyclemark
The document summarizes the findings of a 2006-2007 UNFPA study on youth realities and policy provisions in 14 countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It highlights several emerging trends across the region, including difficulties with migration, unemployment, education quality, poverty, health issues, and balancing traditional and modern values. It also notes some worrying particularities like human trafficking, lack of social support for young parents and homeless youth, and increasing juvenile crime and violence.
The document summarizes a study on child sexual abuse prevention in Kenya. It discusses risks and protective factors identified by professionals from different tribal groups in Kenya. Key risks included availability of pornography, child marriage, and beliefs in witchcraft. Protective factors included separation of males and females, importance of virginity, religious and cultural taboos, and family structures. The researcher observed that understanding risks and protective factors from a cultural perspective is important for prevention efforts. Barriers to prevention include lack of resources and social issues like poverty, while opportunities lie in building agency capacity and taking a culturally-relevant approach.
Media coverage of violence against children in JamaicaTaitu Heron
This paper looks at how the Jamaican print media (the Observer, the Gleaner and the Star) depicts children who suffer from sexual abuse. It aims also to respond to the following question - How is the newspapers’ understanding of children and sexual violence against children informed by a current prevailing gender order, discourses on sexuality, and cultural attitudes and practices towards children?
Adolescents, social protection and HIV in South AfricaRENEWAL-IFPRI
This document summarizes the Swa Koteka study which aims to determine if conditional cash transfers given to young women in South Africa to encourage school attendance can reduce their risk of HIV infection. The study uses a randomized controlled trial design across 24 villages. Some villages receive a community mobilization intervention targeting young men to change gender norms. Young women ages 14-20 either receive monthly cash transfers conditional on school attendance or serve as the control group. The primary outcome is assessing if conditional cash transfers lower HIV incidence rates after 3 years. Secondary outcomes include rates of HSV-2, risky sexual behaviors, and school attendance.
The document summarizes a program called Siyakha Nentsha in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa that aims to build capabilities among adolescents threatened by HIV/AIDS. It describes the socioeconomic challenges in the region like poverty, unemployment, early pregnancy and school leaving. Research found these factors associated with higher HIV risk behaviors. The program provides evidence-based, multi-session curriculum on HIV prevention, resource management, and future planning to empower participants. Preliminary feedback suggests it improves attitudes, knowledge, aspirations, and agency. The goal is to scale it up through the Department of Education.
Managing adolescent sexual reproductive health issues cope with best evidence...PPPKAM
The document discusses adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) and strategies for effectively addressing ASRH issues. It describes the physical, emotional, and developmental changes that occur during adolescence and associated health risks. A comprehensive, evidence-based approach is needed that provides adolescents with knowledge and services, creates an enabling environment, and addresses social and cultural norms. Interventions should be tailored to adolescents' diverse needs and involve stakeholders at all levels including adolescents themselves. The goal is to enable adolescents to protect their sexual and reproductive health and rights.
This document summarizes a presentation about preventing health risks and promoting healthy outcomes among LGBTQ youth. It discusses challenges LGBTQ youth face like discrimination, family rejection, and minority stress. It provides data on health risks like substance abuse, HIV rates, and bullying. It also offers recommendations for creating safe and supportive school environments through approaches like gay-straight alliances, addressing identity development, and clear sex education.
Similar to Protection for the lifecourse: Enhancing health, social and economic capabilities of highly vulnerable adolescents (20)
This study investigated individual and psychosocial factors associated with high educator-learner interactions around HIV/AIDS and sexuality in South Africa. Younger educators and those in lower job categories interacted with learners on these issues more frequently than older colleagues. Favorable interactions were associated with good HIV/AIDS knowledge, personal experience with HIV/AIDS, and low stigmatizing attitudes. However, educators reported a lack of HIV/AIDS training support from the Department of Education. Younger educators also reported higher sexual risk behavior than older educators, undermining their credibility as educators. The findings highlight the need for formal HIV/AIDS training for educators to equip them to provide education and skills to learners.
- Child and adolescent marriage is common in many developing countries, with over 30% of girls married by age 18.
- Married adolescent girls have little power to negotiate safe sex and are often in unions with much older husbands, increasing their risk of HIV.
- Data from 29 countries show that the majority (over 80% in most) of sexually active adolescent girls who had unprotected sex recently were married.
- HIV prevalence tends to be higher among married adolescent girls than sexually active unmarried adolescents in some settings, highlighting marriage is not always protective against HIV risk for adolescent girls.
This document summarizes the history and current understanding of the AIDS epidemic. It discusses how AIDS has become one of the most studied diseases and our understanding of its medical and social drivers has deepened over time. However, the impacts are still unfolding over generations and varying significantly between places. While early models predicted severe economic impacts, some hard-hit countries have maintained growth. Understanding the social impacts remains challenging given the epidemic is only 25 years old.
1. The document summarizes a case study of an HIV/AIDS impact assessment conducted on a South African contract cleaning company with 500 employees.
2. Key findings include that 31% of employees tested were HIV positive, with the highest levels of infection among women aged 35-40.
3. The estimated average cost to the company for each newly infected employee is 9,007 Rand, which is 63.2% of the average annual salary. However, the overall financial cost of HIV/AIDS to the company is projected to decrease over time from 1999 to 2015.
The document discusses challenges in linking health research to policy in Ghana. It describes how the Research and Development Division of the Ghana Health Service used a collaborative approach to build consensus on research priorities related to orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV/AIDS. Through stakeholder consultations, gaps in understanding this issue were identified and a research study was undertaken to assess the situation of HIV-affected children. The study informed policy by providing evidence on how to best support these children within their communities rather than institutions.
This document discusses how the conceptualization of HIV as a "long-wave event" needs to be revisited given increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Originally, HIV was seen as involving three curves: an HIV curve, an AIDS curve, and a societal impact curve. However, widespread ART has shifted HIV from a terminal illness to a chronic condition for many. This prompts reconsidering disability as a new form of the second curve, representing transition from HIV infection to HIV-related disability for those on long-term ART. At a population level, experiences of disability are expected to become common for people living with HIV in coming decades, with implications for health and social services.
The document summarizes a project in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa that aims to build assets and reduce vulnerability among youth. It describes the socioeconomic challenges in the region like poverty, unemployment, and HIV. The project uses participatory learning with boys and girls to prepare them for opportunities and risks. Students are randomized into groups receiving different combinations of HIV education, social support, and financial capability training. Evaluations assess changes in knowledge, behaviors, and economic outcomes through surveys, interviews, and diaries. Preliminary findings show improvements in areas like budgeting skills, savings, and social networks.
The document summarizes a study that assessed the impact of a 2007 report titled "Reviewing 'Emergencies' for Swaziland." The report analyzed socioeconomic data to portray the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Swaziland as a humanitarian crisis and call for an emergency response. To evaluate the report's influence, researchers conducted interviews and distributed questionnaires. They found the report initially raised awareness and shifted perceptions of the crisis. In the long-term, it influenced policy by contributing to changes in funding and emergency classifications. While attribution is difficult, the assessment demonstrated research can provide insights into maximizing future impact.
This study investigated the psychosocial and behavioral correlates of attitudes towards antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South African mineworkers. 806 mineworkers at a large South African mine participated. Despite high HIV testing rates and generally favorable attitudes towards ART, temporary employees and contractors were found to be more vulnerable in terms of HIV risk, testing behaviors, and knowledge/attitudes about ART. Employees with more positive ART attitudes had greater ART knowledge and more positive views of the mine's HIV/AIDS treatment program. The findings are discussed in relation to the mine's low ART uptake rates and recommendations are provided.
The document discusses challenges in linking health research to policy in Ghana. It describes how the Research and Development Division of the Ghana Health Service used a collaborative approach to build consensus on research priorities related to orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV/AIDS. Through stakeholder consultations, gaps in understanding this issue were identified and a research study was undertaken to assess the situation of HIV-affected children. The study informed policy by providing evidence on how to best support these children within their communities rather than institutions. The experience highlights the value of engaging multiple stakeholders to ensure research meets social needs and informs policymaking across sectors.
This document discusses how organizations can act as "boundary organizations" to promote evidence-based policymaking. It uses the Regional Network on AIDS, Livelihoods and Food Security (RENEWAL) as a case study. RENEWAL aims to enhance understanding of the links between HIV/AIDS and food security in Africa. It builds networks between researchers and policymakers to identify policy-relevant research topics and facilitate communication. The document analyzes RENEWAL's experiences networking with South African government officials to encourage use of research evidence in policy. It draws lessons on effective strategies for engaging policymakers and getting research into policy and practice.
1) The document summarizes a report on the impact of HIV/AIDS in Swaziland, which has the highest HIV prevalence rate in the world at 42%.
2) The report used socioeconomic indicators to build a comprehensive picture of how HIV/AIDS has created a humanitarian crisis in Swaziland comparable to a conflict or natural disaster.
3) An evaluation found that the report raised awareness of the crisis and challenged international perceptions of Swaziland as a "middle income country" not requiring significant support for its HIV epidemic.
The document discusses the African Women's Protocol and its potential role in supporting women's reproductive rights and progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Africa. Key points:
1) The protocol provides a strong framework for women's reproductive rights in Africa, going beyond other treaties in promoting these rights.
2) However, only 29 of 52 African countries have ratified it so far, and barriers remain to implementing its provisions in national laws and policies.
3) If fully implemented and integrated into legislation, the protocol could help create an enabling environment for women's reproductive rights and support progress on MDGs 3, 5, and 6 relating to gender equality, maternal health, and HIV/AIDS.
- Explicit insurance does not offer a panacea for HIV/AIDS service coverage on its own. Where insurance systems already exist, they can be expanded to include HIV/AIDS services.
- Introducing social health insurance is complicated and will take time to cover all people. The process should not be rushed and existing mechanisms should continue in the meantime. Some people will remain inadequately covered and should not be forgotten.
- Political commitment is indispensable for including HIV services in any coverage mechanism. A political-economy analysis will be useful. Financial feasibility is also key, and external funding may be needed initially before being replaced by government funds over time. Not all people will be able to contribute to insurance schemes
This document provides an overview of mental health promotion initiatives for children and youth in contexts of poverty in South Africa. It discusses:
1) Critical risk influences on early childhood development like poor nutrition, maternal depression, and lack of early childhood services in South Africa and evidence that mental health promotion programs can help mediate these risks.
2) Examples of mental health promotion programs in South Africa that have shown benefits for early childhood development, including a home visitation program and programs to reduce alcohol use in pregnancy.
3) Risk influences on middle childhood development in South Africa and how mental health promotion programs may help mediate risks like poor family environments and schooling.
This document summarizes a study that examined how gender and socioeconomic status interact with peer norms and attitudes to influence sexual risk behaviors among youth in a poor, urban community in South Africa. The study uses a social cognitive approach to measure attitudes, beliefs, intentions, and perceived control related to sexual behavior. It reviews literature on factors that influence HIV risk for South African youth, including socioeconomic status, gender-based violence, and psychosocial factors like peer norms. The findings of this study provide insight into how interventions can address the complex ways gender interacts with these other issues to impact youth sexual health outcomes.
This document discusses the history of AIDS exceptionalism over the past 30 years. It begins by providing background on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, noting its widespread demographic, economic, and political impacts. It then describes how AIDS exceptionalism originated as a response to the initially frightening nature of the virus and its disproportionate effect on certain groups. More recently, AIDS exceptionalism referred to the unprecedented global response and resources dedicated to addressing the epidemic through organizations like UNAIDS. However, there has also been criticism of AIDS exceptionalism and claims that it receives too much funding compared to other health issues. The document aims to situate this debate in historical context by examining the shifting meaning of exceptionalism over time.
This document summarizes a mixed methods study conducted in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to design and evaluate an intervention program aimed at improving the health, economic, and social capabilities of adolescents at high risk for HIV/AIDS, teenage pregnancy, and other issues. The intervention incorporated life skills education into the school day and was evaluated using longitudinal surveys, focus groups, and interviews with participants, guardians, and facilitators. The mixed methods approach allowed for iterative improvement of the program and instruments as well as triangulation across data sources. Preliminary results were promising and the Department of Education was interested in scaling up the program.
The Siyakha Nentsha program in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa aims to improve the capabilities and well-being of adolescents at high risk for HIV, teenage pregnancy, school dropout, and more. The program was developed using formative research that identified structural factors associated with adolescent HIV risk behaviors such as poverty and lack of social connections. It provides knowledge and skills for pregnancy and HIV prevention, economic empowerment, and social support. Evaluations found that participants had increased discussion of sensitive topics, financial literacy, condom use confidence, and ability to open a bank account compared to non-participants. The program is being considered for scale-up in partnership with the Department of Education.
Swaziland has the highest HIV prevalence in the world, with prevalence among pregnant women rising from 3.9% in 1992 to 42.6% in 2004. Every sector of Swazi society is struggling to cope with the impacts of the epidemic, which include rising mortality, mass orphaning, and declines in agricultural production. The situation has been exacerbated by gender inequality, drought, insufficient financial resources, and a lack of accountable domestic governance and ill-suited policies from international organizations. Without greater support from the Swazi government and international donors, community-led interventions may be undermined.
More from ABBA RPC (Addressing the Balance of Burden in HIV/AIDS) (20)
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Protection for the lifecourse: Enhancing health, social and economic capabilities of highly vulnerable adolescents
1. Protection for the lifecourse:Enhancing health, social and economic capabilities of highly vulnerable adolescents by Kelly Hallman, Eva Roca, Kasthuri Govender, Emmanuel Mbatha, Rob Pattman, DeeviaBhana and Mike Rogan IUSSP Marrakech, Morocco September 28, 2009
2. Setting Semi-rural KwaZulu Natal Poverty and income inequality High unemployment Early pregnancy Early school leaving HIV
3. Formative research: vulnerabilities associated with adolescent HIV risk behaviors Living in poverty Not socially connected Orphaned Source: Hallman 2004, 2005, 2008a, 2008b, 2008c
4. Poorer more likely to sexually debut earlier Ever had sex: 14-16 years-olds Poor Non-poor Source: Hallman 2005, 2008a
5. Those with less social capital more likely to experience forced sex Ever been : 14-16 year-old females Source: Hallman 2008a, 2008b
6. Orphans have more economically-motivated sexual encounters Ever traded sex: sexually debuted 14-16-year-olds Source: Hallman 2008a, 2008c
9. Program purpose Improve functional capabilities of adolescents for building health, social, and economic assets for the lifecourse in a setting with high risks for HIV and STIs teenage pregnancy, parenthood school dropout actual or potential loss of one or both parents lack of knowledge of further employment and training opportunities
10. Program Methods Intervention Evidence-based Piloted Multi-sectoral Participatory Intensive – multi-session Led by peer mentors
11.
12. Project components Government-accredited multi-session intervention Plan and aspire for the future; Build savings/assets over time; Develop skills to manage personal and familial finances; identify and access existing social benefits Build and strengthen social networks and support Increase knowledge and skills for HIV and pregnancy prevention/AIDS mitigation; accessing preventive, treatment and care services
13. Project design Randomized to secondary school classrooms (10th and 11th grades) in one school ward Three study arms HIV/RH, Social, Financial Education HIV/RH, Social Control--Delayed intervention-2010
14. Research Methods Longitudinal survey Youth-conducted social mapping with presentations back to community Youth, parent, mentor focus groups to assess experience with intervention
25. Hope for the future-talking to partner Females n=66 Males n=129
26. Summary Vulnerability of group Protective factors included: Relative wealth Social support (friends, role models) belonging to a community organization having tried to start an income-generating activity Factors that may increase risk include: Having no hope for the future Orphanhood Personal assets
27. “It’s different, in school we learn mathematics and biology but here we learn things that we can use in the future.” - female age 16 years
28. Participant views of health education “….. I didn’t understand about HIV and AIDS before but now I do. I didn’t learn that in school.” –female age 20 years, not enrolled in school “It changed my attitude, because I know how to use a condom and I know how to trust my partner and I know how to advise my partner, when we are sitting together and talking about, how to have sexual intercourse and I know even to advise the community as a whole about HIV/AIDS…”–male age 22 years, not enrolled in school
29. Selected resources Hallman, K. 2008a.“Researching the determinants of vulnerability to HIV amongst adolescents,” IDS Bulletin, 39(5), November 2008. Hallman, K. 2008b, in press. “Social exclusion: The gendering of adolescent HIV risks in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa,” in J. Klot and V. Nguyen eds., The Fourth Wave: An Assault on Women - Gender, Culture and HIV in the 21st Century. Social Science Research Council and UNESCO. Hallman, K. 2008c, under review. "Orphanhood Type and Sexual Debut: A panel study from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa," Economic Development and Cultural Change. Bruce, J. and Hallman, K. 2008. “Reaching the girls left behind,” Gender & Development, 16(2): 227-245. Hallman, K. 2007. “Nonconsensual sex, school enrollment and educational outcomes in South Africa,” Africa Insight (special issue on Youth in Africa), 37(3): 454-472. Hallman, K. Genderedsocioeconomic conditions and HIV riskbehavioursamongyoung people in South Africa. 2005. African Journal of AIDS Research 4(1): 37–50.Abstract: http://www.popcouncil.org/projects/abstracts/AJAR_4_1.html
30. Thank you! Our funders: ESRC/Hewlett Joint Scheme & DFID via the ABBA RPC
Editor's Notes
The intervention is designed to provide vulnerable young people residing in poor, peri-urban, HIV/AIDS-affected communities with increased capabilities for building health, social and economic assets for the lifecourse. The strategic skills proposed are particularly geared to help offer protective strategies against HIV and early pregnancy and to build economic assets. This project will provide quantifiable evidence about a program that could be adopted into a school- or community-based project setting to reach young people at a critical period of their development.