This document summarizes the Swa Koteka study which aims to determine if conditional cash transfers given to young women in South Africa to encourage school attendance can reduce their risk of HIV infection. The study uses a randomized controlled trial design across 24 villages. Some villages receive a community mobilization intervention targeting young men to change gender norms. Young women ages 14-20 either receive monthly cash transfers conditional on school attendance or serve as the control group. The primary outcome is assessing if conditional cash transfers lower HIV incidence rates after 3 years. Secondary outcomes include rates of HSV-2, risky sexual behaviors, and school attendance.

1. Effects of (conditional) cash transfer and community mobilization for prevention of HIV in young South African women (Swa Koteka study) Rhian Twine: MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt) Principal Investigators: Audrey Pettifor: UNC; Catherine MacPhail: RHRU; Kathleen Kahn: Wits SPH Project Manager: Mandie Selin UNC

2. 15 Males Females 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 HIV Prevalence by Age and Gender among South African youth age 15-24 years Pettifor A, et al. AIDS 2005, 19: 1525-1534.

6. Lets keep them in school

17. Study Schema

18. Study Site Agincourt sub-district Bushbuckridge Municipality Mpumalanga Province 24 villages Agincourt Health and socio- Demographic Surveillance Site (AHDSS) since 1992 – sample from database

19. Child enrollment in various levels of school, ages 14-20, Agincourt HDSS, 2009