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Proposals
 Your Next Assignment
Today’s Agenda
•   Persuasive Strategies
•   Beginning and Ending a Communication
•   Creating a Proposal
•   Your Proposals in Depth
Persuasion
•   Focusing on your reader
•   Reverse
•   Reinforce
•   Shape
•   Be flexible
•   Reasoning
Reasoning
• Evidence
• Connected by line of reasoning
• Leads to claim
Evidence
• Data
• Testimony
• Examples
Arrangement
• Organizing your argument
• Direct pattern
   o   Begins with the writer’s main point
   o   Afterwards provides evidence
   o   Effective when offering an analysis
   o   Less effective when conveying information that may be “bad”

• Indirect pattern
   o Presents evidence
   o Postpones on main point
   o Allows author to prepare the reader.
Building a Relationship
• Taking Authority
   o Power
   o Expertise

• Building trustworthiness
   o Personal advantages vs. objectivity

• Group membership
   o Build authority

• Dynamic appeal
   o Show enthusiasm
Beginning
•   Compelling introduction
•   Give readers a reason to pay attention
•   Refer to specific requests
•   Problem solving
Writing Assignment
• Pick a social issue currently plaguing the United
  States. Write a compelling proposal introduction
  that would address this issue.
• If you’re having trouble thinking of a subject, here
  are a few:
   o   Childhood obesity
   o   The Drug War
   o   Illiteracy Rates
   o   Poverty
   o   Hunger
Announcements
• Preview the arrangement
• Explain the scope of the document
• Summarize
Basic Information
•   The reason they should read
•   The main point
•   Arrangement and scope
•   Background information
Ending
•   End on your last point
•   Repeat your main point
•   Summarize key points
•   Follow up
    o What to do next
    o Identify further work
Writing a Proposal
•   Introduction
•   Problem Assessment
•   Objective
•   Solution
•   Method
•   Resources
•   Schedule
•   Qualifications
•   Management
•   Costs
Introduction
• Your abstract
• Can be one sentence to a few paragraphs
• Sums up where you are going in the piece
Problem
• Issues that needs to be addressed
• Come from multiple sources
  o   RFP
  o   Explicit
  o   Implicit
  o   Yourself
Objective
• Explicit goals to solve the problem
• Measurable
• Concrete
Solution
• Address each of the objectives
• A desirable way to achieve objectives
• Plan for achieving objectives
Method
• Exact means by which you plan to solve the
  problem
• Plan of action
Resources
• Optional section
• Special materials to be used in the project
• Depends on if your proposal needs equipment
Schedule
• Very important
• Provide a chart
• Calendar of deliverables
Qualifications
• Experience and skills of the personnel
• Instills confidence in the reader
• Approach this ethically
Management
• For projects with more personnel
• Organizational chart
• Coordination of work
Costs
• Investment of resources
• Budget statement
Group Assignment
• In groups of 3, write a short proposal addressing a
  social problem in the United States. How would you
  go about solving this problem? What costs would
  you incur?

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Proposals 091112

  • 1. Proposals Your Next Assignment
  • 2. Today’s Agenda • Persuasive Strategies • Beginning and Ending a Communication • Creating a Proposal • Your Proposals in Depth
  • 3. Persuasion • Focusing on your reader • Reverse • Reinforce • Shape • Be flexible • Reasoning
  • 4. Reasoning • Evidence • Connected by line of reasoning • Leads to claim
  • 6. Arrangement • Organizing your argument • Direct pattern o Begins with the writer’s main point o Afterwards provides evidence o Effective when offering an analysis o Less effective when conveying information that may be “bad” • Indirect pattern o Presents evidence o Postpones on main point o Allows author to prepare the reader.
  • 7. Building a Relationship • Taking Authority o Power o Expertise • Building trustworthiness o Personal advantages vs. objectivity • Group membership o Build authority • Dynamic appeal o Show enthusiasm
  • 8. Beginning • Compelling introduction • Give readers a reason to pay attention • Refer to specific requests • Problem solving
  • 9. Writing Assignment • Pick a social issue currently plaguing the United States. Write a compelling proposal introduction that would address this issue. • If you’re having trouble thinking of a subject, here are a few: o Childhood obesity o The Drug War o Illiteracy Rates o Poverty o Hunger
  • 10. Announcements • Preview the arrangement • Explain the scope of the document • Summarize
  • 11. Basic Information • The reason they should read • The main point • Arrangement and scope • Background information
  • 12. Ending • End on your last point • Repeat your main point • Summarize key points • Follow up o What to do next o Identify further work
  • 13. Writing a Proposal • Introduction • Problem Assessment • Objective • Solution • Method • Resources • Schedule • Qualifications • Management • Costs
  • 14. Introduction • Your abstract • Can be one sentence to a few paragraphs • Sums up where you are going in the piece
  • 15. Problem • Issues that needs to be addressed • Come from multiple sources o RFP o Explicit o Implicit o Yourself
  • 16. Objective • Explicit goals to solve the problem • Measurable • Concrete
  • 17. Solution • Address each of the objectives • A desirable way to achieve objectives • Plan for achieving objectives
  • 18. Method • Exact means by which you plan to solve the problem • Plan of action
  • 19. Resources • Optional section • Special materials to be used in the project • Depends on if your proposal needs equipment
  • 20. Schedule • Very important • Provide a chart • Calendar of deliverables
  • 21. Qualifications • Experience and skills of the personnel • Instills confidence in the reader • Approach this ethically
  • 22. Management • For projects with more personnel • Organizational chart • Coordination of work
  • 23. Costs • Investment of resources • Budget statement
  • 24. Group Assignment • In groups of 3, write a short proposal addressing a social problem in the United States. How would you go about solving this problem? What costs would you incur?