This document discusses women entrepreneurship in India. It provides background on the history and development of women entrepreneurs in India. Specifically, it notes that women are increasingly participating in business ownership and professional careers. It discusses key traits of successful women entrepreneurs in India, including being ambitious and innovative. The document aims to study women entrepreneurship in India and provide suggestions to further support its growth.
Women today are forming the indispensable part of the society, we are talking about women empowerment, we are talking about breaking the glass ceiling, yet there are many issues that need to be addressed. Learn the insights about women entrepreneurs with a key focus in Indian ecosystem.
Purpose of making this presentation was to explain how is the scope of women entrepreneurship in India. What all are the issues presented in the system which affect women entrepreneurs in India. Ho Indian women entrepreneurs are different than others. What is the total contribution of women entrepreneurs on overall trade practices. It also explains the suggestions to enhance and promote the women entrepreneurs in India.
I hope this will help students to understood the issue well and give them few insights for their own research
Data collection is completely from the secondary sources.
Women today are forming the indispensable part of the society, we are talking about women empowerment, we are talking about breaking the glass ceiling, yet there are many issues that need to be addressed. Learn the insights about women entrepreneurs with a key focus in Indian ecosystem.
Purpose of making this presentation was to explain how is the scope of women entrepreneurship in India. What all are the issues presented in the system which affect women entrepreneurs in India. Ho Indian women entrepreneurs are different than others. What is the total contribution of women entrepreneurs on overall trade practices. It also explains the suggestions to enhance and promote the women entrepreneurs in India.
I hope this will help students to understood the issue well and give them few insights for their own research
Data collection is completely from the secondary sources.
Meaning, definition, Characteristics of Women Entrepreneurship,Women entrepreneurs may be defined as a woman or a group of women who initiate, organise and run a business concern., A woman with a passion for becoming an entrepreneur should try to develop the above mentioned traits, cross the hurdles with a determined mind and she is sure to have a successful tomorrow., Indian Women Entrepreneurs Characters
How Government Schemes Support Women Entrepreneurs in India?She At Work
Many ladies get success through women entrepreneur legal schemes in India and other campaigns designed by the government to support women entrepreneurship.
Challenges Faced By Women Entrepreneurs In IndiaLatha setna
In the current business world, women entrepreneurs are playing a vital role and they have become important part of the economic development and social progress. Development Compared to other countries the development of women entrepreneurship is very low in India. The educated women have to go a long way to achieve equal rights and position because traditions are deep rooted in Indian society where the sociological set up has been a male dominated one. Despite all the social hurdles, Indian women entrepreneurs stand tall from the rest of the crowd and are applauded for their achievements in their respective field. This paper focuses on women entrepreneurs, reasons women become entrepreneurs, the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs and suggestions for the growth of women entrepreneurs.
Challenges faced by Women entrepreneurs,
Opportunities for an entrepreneurial career,
measure to improve women entrepreneurship,
factors influencing the women entrepreneurship,
entrepreneurial motivation concept.
Being a woman itself poses various problems to a woman entrepreneur, the problems of Indian women pertain to her responsibility towards family, society and lion work
Women entrepreneurship has been recognised as an important source of economic growth. Women entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves and others and also provide society with different solutions to management, organization and business problems. However, they still represent a minority of all entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs often face gender-based barriers to starting and growing their businesses, like discriminatory property, matrimonial and inheritance laws and/or cultural practices; lack of access to formal finance mechanisms; limited mobility and access to information and networks, etc
A Study on the Factors Influence Women Entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli DistrictArul Edison
The main objective of project is study factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli district, analyzing the socio economic cultural factors, government policy factors, family status factors, personal characteristic factors, financial factors, motivational factors, market and network factors. In this study researcher tried to identify the factors influencing women entrepreneurs, so that areas of improvement can be identified and necessary steps can be given for implementation. The research design adopted in this study comes under descriptive design. A descriptive study is undertaken in order to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Trichy district. The sampling method used for this study is simple random sampling. In this study the researcher has adopted, independent sample t-test, multivariate analysis, correlation, regression, factor analysis comes under the data analysis. The study provides a comprehensive review of the 26 critical factors influencing the growth of women entrepreneurs particularly in Trichy as the factors are derived from the global literature on women entrepreneurship. These would aid in better positioning the significance of these critical factors towards the success of the entrepreneurs in Trichy and in general.
Women as a leader entrepreneur final shreeVivek Dharade
M.com Project of Organisational Behaviour
topic_ Women Leadership
their are the over all study about Leadership of Women , their Problems their qualities
and also same Women leaders ,Entrepreneur Profiles
Meaning, definition, Characteristics of Women Entrepreneurship,Women entrepreneurs may be defined as a woman or a group of women who initiate, organise and run a business concern., A woman with a passion for becoming an entrepreneur should try to develop the above mentioned traits, cross the hurdles with a determined mind and she is sure to have a successful tomorrow., Indian Women Entrepreneurs Characters
How Government Schemes Support Women Entrepreneurs in India?She At Work
Many ladies get success through women entrepreneur legal schemes in India and other campaigns designed by the government to support women entrepreneurship.
Challenges Faced By Women Entrepreneurs In IndiaLatha setna
In the current business world, women entrepreneurs are playing a vital role and they have become important part of the economic development and social progress. Development Compared to other countries the development of women entrepreneurship is very low in India. The educated women have to go a long way to achieve equal rights and position because traditions are deep rooted in Indian society where the sociological set up has been a male dominated one. Despite all the social hurdles, Indian women entrepreneurs stand tall from the rest of the crowd and are applauded for their achievements in their respective field. This paper focuses on women entrepreneurs, reasons women become entrepreneurs, the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs and suggestions for the growth of women entrepreneurs.
Challenges faced by Women entrepreneurs,
Opportunities for an entrepreneurial career,
measure to improve women entrepreneurship,
factors influencing the women entrepreneurship,
entrepreneurial motivation concept.
Being a woman itself poses various problems to a woman entrepreneur, the problems of Indian women pertain to her responsibility towards family, society and lion work
Women entrepreneurship has been recognised as an important source of economic growth. Women entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves and others and also provide society with different solutions to management, organization and business problems. However, they still represent a minority of all entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs often face gender-based barriers to starting and growing their businesses, like discriminatory property, matrimonial and inheritance laws and/or cultural practices; lack of access to formal finance mechanisms; limited mobility and access to information and networks, etc
A Study on the Factors Influence Women Entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli DistrictArul Edison
The main objective of project is study factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli district, analyzing the socio economic cultural factors, government policy factors, family status factors, personal characteristic factors, financial factors, motivational factors, market and network factors. In this study researcher tried to identify the factors influencing women entrepreneurs, so that areas of improvement can be identified and necessary steps can be given for implementation. The research design adopted in this study comes under descriptive design. A descriptive study is undertaken in order to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Trichy district. The sampling method used for this study is simple random sampling. In this study the researcher has adopted, independent sample t-test, multivariate analysis, correlation, regression, factor analysis comes under the data analysis. The study provides a comprehensive review of the 26 critical factors influencing the growth of women entrepreneurs particularly in Trichy as the factors are derived from the global literature on women entrepreneurship. These would aid in better positioning the significance of these critical factors towards the success of the entrepreneurs in Trichy and in general.
Women as a leader entrepreneur final shreeVivek Dharade
M.com Project of Organisational Behaviour
topic_ Women Leadership
their are the over all study about Leadership of Women , their Problems their qualities
and also same Women leaders ,Entrepreneur Profiles
It is with great pleasure and pride that the Media & PR Cell presents to you Effulgence 3.0, the official magazine of IIM Raipur. In this issue, we admire the potential of women entrepreneurs. She is a dreamer, a doer, a thinker, she sees possibilities everywhere.
Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs With Special Reference to the Thane Dis...ijtsrd
Womens entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon that is slowly developing as society becomes more aware of the duties, responsibilities, and economic status of women in general and the family in particular. A woman entrepreneur is a person who takes on difficult responsibilities in order to fulfil her personal wants and achieve financial independence. Many women possess this quality, but because they were never given the chance to show off their skills, they are unaware of their true potential. Starting and running a business is extremely risky and challenging for women business owners because, historically, women in Indian society have always been seen as inferior to men. This has changed as womens educational levels have increased and as society has become more aware of the importance of women in society. By engaging in a variety of professions and services, women have been effective in escaping the confines of their homes. In terms of business savvy, women entrepreneurs have demonstrated parity with their male colleagues, and they are emerging as intelligent and innovative businesspeople. The economies of practically all nations are seeing significant growth in the number of women owned companies. With increased awareness of womens roles and economic standing in society, the latent entrepreneurial potentials of women have slowly changed. Women are increasingly entering the business world for a variety of reasons, chief among them being skill, expertise, and adaptability. Women Entrepreneur refers to a person who takes on demanding roles in order to meet her own requirements and achieve financial independence. Despite the fact that the government has organised women into several associations, they are not yet prepared to start their own business. Women are less inclined to create businesses than men are because of unwarranted fears, a lack of motivation, and certain types of activities. This paper attempts to look into the issues and difficulties that women business owners in Thane District encounter. Surabhi Gupta | Prof. Dr. S. B. Sawant "Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs: With Special Reference to the Thane District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54025.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/54025/problems-faced-by-women-entrepreneurs-with-special-reference-to-the-thane-district/surabhi-gupta
Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs With Special Reference to the Thane Dis...ijtsrd
Womens entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon that is slowly developing as society becomes more aware of the duties, responsibilities, and economic status of women in general and the family in particular. A woman entrepreneur is a person who takes on difficult responsibilities in order to fulfil her personal wants and achieve financial independence. Many women possess this quality, but because they were never given the chance to show off their skills, they are unaware of their true potential. Starting and running a business is extremely risky and challenging for women business owners because, historically, women in Indian society have always been seen as inferior to men. This has changed as womens educational levels have increased and as society has become more aware of the importance of women in society. By engaging in a variety of professions and services, women have been effective in escaping the confines of their homes. In terms of business savvy, women entrepreneurs have demonstrated parity with their male colleagues, and they are emerging as intelligent and innovative businesspeople. The economies of practically all nations are seeing significant growth in the number of women owned companies. With increased awareness of womens roles and economic standing in society, the latent entrepreneurial potentials of women have slowly changed. Women are increasingly entering the business world for a variety of reasons, chief among them being skill, expertise, and adaptability. Women Entrepreneur refers to a person who takes on demanding roles in order to meet her own requirements and achieve financial independence. Despite the fact that the government has organised women into several associations, they are not yet prepared to start their own business. Women are less inclined to create businesses than men are because of unwarranted fears, a lack of motivation, and certain types of activities. This paper attempts to look into the issues and difficulties that women business owners in Thane District encounter. Surabhi Gupta | Prof. Dr. S. B. Sawant "Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs: With Special Reference to the Thane District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54025.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/54025/problems-faced-by-women-entrepreneurs-with-special-reference-to-the-thane-district/surabhi-gupta
Women Entrepreneurship in Ranchi - Problems and Prospectsijtsrd
The educated Indian women have to go a long way to achieve equal rights and position because traditions are deep rooted in Indian society where the sociological set up has been a male dominated one. Despite all the social hurdles, Indian women stand tall from the rest of the crowd and are applauded for their achievements in their respective field. The transformation of social fabric of the Indian society, in terms of increased educational status of women and varied aspirations for better living, necessitated a change in the life style of Indian women. She has competed with man and successfully stood up with him in every walk of life and business is no exception for this. These women leaders are assertive, persuasive and willing to take risks. They managed to survive and succeed in this cut throat competition with their hard work, diligence and perseverance. The present paper endeavors to study the concept of women entrepreneur“Reasons women become entrepreneurs -Reasons for slow progress of women entrepreneurs in India - suggestions for the growth of women entrepreneurs-Schemes for promotion & development of women entrepreneurship in India-Case study of a women entrepreneur of Ranchi. Dr.Ritushree Narayan | Dr. Valeria Lakra"Women Entrepreneurship in Ranchi - Problems and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11673.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/11673/women-entrepreneurship-in-ranchi---problems-and-prospects/drritushree-narayan
The Visionary Woman Inspiring the Business World.pdfinsightssuccess2
In this exclusive Insights Success India’s edition, The Visionary Woman Inspiring the Business World,’ Dr Zarine Manchanda's journey unfolds as that of a far-sighted leader who transcends barriers, obliterates stereotypes, and paves a trail illuminating paths for generations to come.
A Study on the Challenges Faces by Women Entrepreneurs in Coimbatoreijtsrd
The research paper is to determine the study of the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in Coimbatore. Entrepreneur is a person who has new own idea for a start up. Women entrepreneurs work hard to uplift their standard of living as well as the business. This study is about the challenges faced by women entrepreneur and how they face them. This paper is mostly based on primary data and for the identification of these issues, the authors have reviewed different research articles and reports. Findings of this study reveal that lack of balance between family and career, limited access to finance, socio cultural barriers, illiteracy or low level of education, access to networks, inferior complexity, problems faced during marketing, entrepreneurial skills, lack of self confidence and mobility constraints are major problems of women entrepreneurship development. They need more support and help from both society as well as the family to shine more. Research design The researcher followed descriptive research design for the study. Universe of the study The universe of the present study is contact from Coimbatore district, Peelamedu area. Sampling The researcher took the sampling of 60 respondents are women entrepreneur. Sampling method The researcher used Purposive sampling method. Dr. M. Punitha | J. Sivagurunathan "A Study on the Challenges Faces by Women Entrepreneurs in Coimbatore" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56208.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/other/56208/a-study-on-the-challenges-faces-by-women-entrepreneurs-in-coimbatore/dr-m-punitha
Problems and Prospects of Woman Entrepreneurship – A Review of LiteratureIOSRJBM
Any nation, to grow today in the world of intense competition, requires entrepreneurs at the core of the economic development. Entrepreneurial activities and entrepreneurship has been dominated by males since ages. However, in the era of information technology, the women have become more aware and better educational facilities have enabled them to venture into this male dominated space. The women today have emerged as a key player in economic development of the nations. However this transformation of society is far from over and the women entrepreneurs not only face difficulties while starting up an enterprise but also during the running phase. Globally, they have become a key player in sustaining both social development and economic growth. However, in a country like India where almost 50% of population is made up of women, the number of enterprises run by women entrepreneurs is only 7.36% or out of 361.76 Lakh enterprises in the MSME sector, only 26.61 Lakh have women at the top. There are a number of socio-economic hurdles faced by the women while they attempt to venture into setting up and running their own enterprises. Hence, the paper discusses the status of the Women Entrepreneurs and their importance. Also, an attempt is made to identify the challenges faced by these women entrepreneurs, by reviewing various literatures and provide some suggestion for overcoming these obstacles
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...
Project on women enterpreneurship in india
1. PROJECT ON WOMEN
ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA
ABES IT GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
PROF. SARITA SRIVASTAVA POORVEE BATRA
RAVIRAJ SINGH
11MBA3
2. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Miss. POORVEE BATRA& MR.RAVIRAJ SINGH student of
11MBA3 2011-13 batch, ABES IT GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS GZB. , has done their
Research Project under my supervision and guidance.
During this assignment she was found to be very sincere and attentive to every small
and minute details whatsoever was told to them.
I wish his/her good luck and success in their future.
Prof.SaritaSrivastava
ABES IT GROUP OF INSTITUTION
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
3. DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this work entitled “PROJECT ON WOMEN
ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA” is our work carried out under the guidance of our
faculty Ms.SaritaSrivastava . This report neither full nor in past has ever been submitted for
award of any other degree of either this University or any other
Institute.
POORVEE BATRA
RAVIRAJ SINGH
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express my sincere gratitude to my faculty, PROF. SARITA
SRIVASTAV, who gave me her valuable time in providing precious
guidance and suggestion in improvement at every stage of the study. Thanks
are also due to the other faculty members and directors ofABES IT GROUP
OFINSTITUTION who gave useful suggestions for refining the report.
We would also like to thanks our friends who always coordinated with us in preparing such a
valuable report and without them thisreport may not have come into the light of day.
And lastly but not least we would like to express my sincere gratitude to our
parents who always Supported and boosted our moral
throughout the course of this study.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
5. TO WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN
This is to certify that MISS. POORVEE BATRA&MR. RAVIRAJ
SINGHarebonafide student of MBA IST YEAR, ABES IT GROUP OF
INSTITUTIONS has successfully completed project report on under my
guidance.
To best of my knowledge I believe that work submitted by them is
original and authentic.
I wish themgood luck and success.
SARITA SRIVASTAVA
(ASST. PROF)
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
6. CONTENTS
SNO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2 DECLERATION
3 TO WHOMSOEVER IT
MAY CONCERN
4 INTRODUCTION
5 HISTORY
6 OBJECTIVES
7 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
8 RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
9 LIMITATIONS
10 RECOMMENDATION
11 CONCLUSION
12 BIBLIOGRAPHY
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
7. INTRODUCTION
In the era of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization along with on going IT
revolution, today‘s world is changing at a surprising pace. Political and Economic
Transformations appear to be taking place everywhere—as countries convert from
command to demand economies, dictatorships move toward democratic system, and
Monarchies build new civil institutions. These changes have created economic
opportunities for women who want to own and operate businesses.
Today, women entrepreneurs represent a group of women who have broken away
from the beaten track and are exploring new avenues of economic participation. Among
the reasons for women to run organized enterprises are their skill and knowledge, their
talents, abilities and creativity in business and a compelling desire of wanting to do
something positive. It is high time that countries should rise to the challenge and create
more support systems for encouraging more entrepreneurship amongst women. At the
same time, it is up to women to break away from stereotyped mindsets.
In this dynamic world, women entrepreneurs are a significant part of the global expedition for
sustained economic development and social progress. Due to the growing industrialization,
urbanization, social legislation and along with the spread of higher education and awareness,
theemergence of Women owned businesses are highly increasing in the economies of almost
all countries.
In former days, for Women there were 3 Ks- Kitchen, Kids, Knitting, then came 3 Ps-
Powder,Pappad, Pickles and now at present there are 4 Es- Electricity, Electronics, Energy,
Engineering .Indian women had undergone a long way and are becoming increasingly visible
and successful in all spheres and have shifted from kitchen to higher level of professional
activities.
Today‘s women are taking more and more professional and technical degrees to cope
up withmarket need and are flourishing as de signers, interior decorators, exporters,
publishers, garmentmanufacturers and still exploring new avenues of economic participation.
It is perhaps for thesereasons that Government Bodies, NGO‘s, Social Scientists, Researchers
‗and International Agencieshave started showing interest in the issues related to
entrepreneurship among women in India.
Women entrepreneur‘s explore the prospects of starting a new enterprise; undertake
risks,introduction of new innovations, coordinate administration & control of business &
providingeffective leadership in all aspects of business and have proved their footage in the
male dominatedbusiness arena.
This report focuses on the concept of woman entrepreneurs in India; their traits in
business, the problems faced by them when they set up and make some suggestions for
future prospects for development of Women Entrepreneurs.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
8. HISTORY
Entrepreneurship has gained currency across the sphere and female- entrepreneurship has
become an important module. India is one of the fastest emerging economies and the
importance of entrepreneurship is realized across the gamut.
―Women Entrepreneurship‖ means an act of business ownership and business creation
thatempowers women economically increases their economic strength as well as position in
society. Women-entrepreneurs have been making a considerable impact in all most all the
segments of the economy.
―Women Entrepreneur‖ is a person who denies the role of their personal needs to participate
and be accepted economically independent. Strong desire to do something positive is a high-
quality women entrepreneur who contributes to the position values of family and social life.
―An enterprise owned and controlled by a women having a minimum financial
interest of51% of capital and giving at least 51% of the employment generated by the
enterprise to women.‖ - Government of India
According to Kamala Singh," A women entrepreneur is a confident, innovative and
creativewoman capable of achieving economic independence individually or in collaboration
generates employment opportunities for others through initiating establishing and running an
enterprise by keeping pace with her personal, family and social life.
According to MedhaDubhanshiVinze,‖ a women entrepreneur is a person who is an
enterprising individual with an eye for opportunities and an uncanny vision, Commercial
acumen, with tremendous perseverance and above all a person who is willing to take risk
with the unknown because of the adventures spirit she possesses.‖
In the words of Former President APJ Abdul Kalam "Empowering women is a
prerequisitefor creating a good nation, when women are empowered, society with stability is
assured.Empowerment of women is essential as their thoughts and their value systems lead to
thedevelopment of a good family, good society and ultimately a good nation."
Pandit Jawaharlal Lal Nehru has remarked ―When women move forward, the
familymoves, the village moves and the Nation moves.‖
Women Entrepreneurs have been making a significant impact in all segments of economy of
ofthe world. Their willingness for the future is apparent in their growing confidence, in their
strengths and in their desire to seek different forms of work in order to achieve a new balance
between work and home. Thus a women entrepreneur is one who starts business and manages
it independently and tactfully takes all the risks, accepts challenging role to meet her personal
needs and become economically independent. A strong desire to do something positive is an
inbuilt quality of entrepreneurial women, who is capable contributing values in both family
and social life and is one who faces the challenges boldly with an iron, will to succeed.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
9. Traits of Women Entrepreneurs in India
Women are ambitious
A successful woman entrepreneur is dreadfully strong-minded one, has an inner urge or
drives to change contemplation into realism. Knowledge from her previous occupancy as an
employee, relying on educational qualifications or lessons learnt from inborn business, she is
ready to grab opportunities, sets goal, possess clear vision, steps confidently forward and is
ambitious to be successful. Every successful woman entrepreneur is truly determined to
achieve goals and make her business prosper. Thorough knowledge of the field is
indispensable to success. She comes with newinnovative solutions to old problems to tide
over issues.
Women are confident
A successful woman entrepreneur is confident in her ability. She is ready to learn from
others,search for help from experts if it means adding value to her goals. She is positive in
nature and iskeener to take risks. A winning woman entrepreneur uses common intelligence
to make soundjudgments when encountering everyday situations. This is gleaned from past
experience andinformation acquired over the years. It is essential not to get aggravated and
give up when you faceobstacles and trials. The aptitude to explore uncharted territories and
take bold decisions is thehallmark of a successful woman entrepreneur. A successful woman
usually loves what she does. Sheis extremely fervent about her tasks and activities. Her high
energy levels motivate her to contributeimmensely towards building, establishing and
maintaining a prosperous business.
Women is open and willing to learn
A successful woman entrepreneur keeps side by side of changes, as she is fully conscious
ofthe importance of evolving changes. She is ahead of her competitors and thrives on
changes. Sheadapts her business to changes in technology or service prospect of her patrons.
She is inquisitive,concerned to learn and accommodative to innovations.
Women are cost conscious
A successful woman entrepreneur prepares pragmatic budget estimates. She provides cost
effective quality services to her clients. With minimized cost of operations, she is able to
force herteam to capitalize on profits and gather its benefits.
Women values cooperation and allegiance
A woman has the ability to work with all levels of populace. She is keen on maintaining
associations and communicates evidently and efficiently. This helps her to negotiate even
responsiveissues without difficulty. She is sympathetic to people around her and have good
networking skillsthat help her to get better contacts and utilize opportunities.
Women can balance home and work
A successful woman entrepreneur is good at balancing varied aspects of life.
Her multitaskingaptitude combined with support from spouse and relatives enables
her to bring togetherbusiness priorities with domestic responsibilities competently and
efficiently.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
10. Women are aware of her legal responsibility to the social order
A successful woman entrepreneur is eager to share her achievement with the society. She
isdedicated to assist others and enjoys her liability.
Women focus on their Plans
Women Entrepreneur‘s plan their work and work with plan. Set long-term and short-
termgoals and take consistent action in moving toward them.
Women are Resourceful
Women entrepreneurs take advantage effectively coordinating the available factors and
resources such as mentoring, training and coaching and build a strong base of education,
training andexperience which can help lead to success.
An effectual Women Entrepreneur requires certain additional essential qualities,
which canbe listed as follows.
Innovative thinking and farsightedness.
Often relatively comfortable with ambiguity, uncertainty and risk.
Quick and effective choice making skill.
Strongly influence events (or self-efficacy).
Strong determination.
Have high levels of work motivation.
Preparedness to take risks.
Characterized by high levels of social competence and social intelligence
Accepting changes in right time.
Has an ability to build relationships and to connect with others on a social and
interpersonallevel
Access and alertness to latest scientific and technological information.
Single-minded and devoted to their unique passions.
Efficient execution of decisions imposed on them.
May judge ambiguous business conditions in more positive, enthusiastic, and
optimistic terms.
Clear vision and ambition on the improvement of family and children.
Takes advantage of resources such as mentoring, counselling and other small
businessdevelopment assistance.
Patience and bearing the sufferings on behalf of others.
Has some blend of critical analytical thinking, creativity, and practical
implementation of ideas.
Ability to work physically more at any age.
Many women have these traits but they never got a platform to showcase their talents and for
this reason they don't know their real abilities. Matching the basic qualities required for
entrepreneursand the basic characters of Indian women reveal that, much potential is
available among the Indianwomen on their entrepreneurial ability. This potential is to be
documented, brought out and exposedfor utilization in productive and service sectors for the
progress of the nation.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
11. KEY CHANGES IN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN LAST FIVE DECADES
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE FIFTIES:
Compulsive factors led to the creation of women entrepreneurs.
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE SIXTIES:
Women began to aspire but also accepted the social cultural traditions.
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE SEVENTIES:
The women in this decade opened up new frontier. They had not only aspiration but
ambition.
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE EIGHTIES:
Women were educated in highly sophisticated, technological and professional
education. Theybecame equally contributing partners.
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE NINETIES:
This was the first time when the concept of best rather than male heir was talked
about.
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE 21st Century:
“Jill of all trades”
Since the 21st century, the status of women in India has been changing as a result to
mounting industrialization and urbanization and social legislation. Over the years,
more and morewomen are going in for higher education, technical and professional
education and their proportion inthe workforce has also been increased.
With the spread of education and awareness, women have shifted from the kitchen,
handicrafts andtraditional cottage industries to non-traditional higher levels of activities. The
Government hasalso laid special weight age on the requirement for conducting special
entrepreneurial trainingprograms for women to enable them to start their own ventures.
Financial institutions and banks havealso set up particular cells to help women
entrepreneurs. This has rebound the women entrepreneurson the economic scene in the recent
years although many women‘s entrepreneurship enterprises are
still remained a much neglected field. Though, for women there are quite a lot of handicaps to
enterinto and manage business ownership due to the intensely entrenched conventional state
of mind andstrict principles of the Indian society.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
12. Role of women as an Entrepreneur:
Considering the flow of women entrepreneurs in the traditional industries, it is often
criticized that the women entrepreneurship is engaged only in handloom and handicraft and
in thenon-traditional term, now their aspect have broaden into new line like hotel line,
Xeroxing, Beauty Parlour business, incense stick making, candle making etc.
In the last decade, there has been a remarkable shift it emphasizes from the traditional
industryto non-traditional industry and services. Based on this concept, some important
opportunities arebeing identified, considering the socio-economic, cultural and educational
status and motivationallevel of women entrepreneurs, particularly projects with low
investment, low technical know-howand assured market are suggested for them such as
production of soaps, detergents, ready- madeinstant food products including pickles, spices,
papad, manufacturing of woollen goods, beauty parlour business, typing centre, job contracts
for packaging of goods and distribution and householdprovision etc.
At present they are:
Creative: It refers to the creative approach or innovative ideas with competitive
market. Well-planned approach is needed to examine the existing situation and to
identify theentrepreneurial opportunities. It further implies that women entrepreneurs
have alliance withclued-up people and constricting the right organization offering
support and service.
Quality to working hard: Innovative women have further ability to work hard. The
creative ideas have to come to a fair play. Hard work is required to build up an
enterprise.
Determination: Women entrepreneurs must have an intention to fulfill their dreams.
Theyhave to make a dream transferred into an idea enterprise.
Ability and desire to take risk: the desire refers to the willingness to take risk and
ability tothe proficiency in planning making forecast estimates and calculations.
Profit earning capacity: she has a capability to get maximum return out of invested
capital.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
13. Functions of Women Entrepreneurs:
A Woman entrepreneur has also to perform all the functions involved in establishing an
enterprise
Functions for establishment of an enterprise
Idea generation and screening
Determination of objectives
Undertaking a risk and handling of economic uncertainties involved in business.
project preparation
Product analysis
Introduction of innovations, imitations of innovations.
Form of business
Co-ordination, administration and control.
Raising funds
Supervision and leadership.
Procuring men, machine and materials and operations of business.
In nutshell, women entrepreneur are those women who think of a business enterprise,
initiateit, organize and combine the factors of production, operate the enterprise, undertake
risk and handleeconomic uncertainties involved in running a business enterprise.
Successful Leading Business Women in India
The 21 Leading Businesswomen in India
Akhila Srinivasan, Managing Director, Shriram Investments Ltd
ChandaKocchar, Executive Director, ICICI Bank
EktaKapoor ,Creative Director, Balaji Telefilms
JyoitNaik, President, LijjatPapad
KiranMazumdar-Shaw, Chairman and Managing Director, Biocon
Lalita D Gupte, Joint Managing Director, ICICI Bank
NainaLalKidwai ,Deputy CEO, HSBC
Preetha Reddy, Managing Director, Apollo Hospitals
Priya Paul, Chairman, Apeejay Park Hotels
RajshreePathy, Chairman, Rajshree Sugars and Chemicals Ltd
Ranjana Kumar ,Chairman, NABARD
Ravina Raj Kohli, Media personality and ex-President, STAR News
RenukaRamnath, CEO, ICICI Ventures
Ritu Kumar ,Fashion Designer
Ritu Nanda, CEO, Escolife
ShahnazHussain, CEO, Shahnaz Herbals
SharanApparao, Proprietor, Apparao Galleries
Simone Tata, Chairman, Trent Ltd
SulajjaFirodiaMotwani, Joint MD, Kinetic Engineering
TarjaniVakil, former Chairman and Managing Director, EXIM Bank
Zia Mody, Senior Partner, AZB & Partners
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
14. Women Entrepreneurs and Their Problems
Women entrepreneurs face many hurdles. Societal support is a key determinant in
entrepreneurial establishment. The most common problem, which a woman faces, is the non-
cooperation from her husband or close family members. Majority of the time the family
members donot motivate them. Besides they face other problems like mobility constraints,
dual responsibility,low managing ability, risk-bearing ability etc. They don‘t lack managerial
skills but they have lesspromotional ability, which they need to improve upon.
Scarcity of raw material and finance are another problem faced by the women entrepreneurs.
The standard of technology used by the women entrepreneurs is qualitatively low; they are
poor intechnical know-how. Transportation difficulties, improper power supply and
telecommunication aresome of the other problem faced by them. Marketing problem is the
biggest problem faced by womenentrepreneurs.
There are some umpteen problems faced by women at various stages beginning from
theirinitial commencement of enterprise, in running their enterprise. Their various problems
are asfollows:
Arrangement of Finance: -
For every business undertaking Finance is said to be the ―life blood‖, whether it is
large,medium or small enterprise. Women entrepreneurs face the problems of
shortage of finance on twoimportant bases. Firstly, women do not in general have
property on their own names to use that ascollateral securities for obtaining
loans/funds from banks and other financial institutions. Thus theiraccess to
external sources is very limited .Secondly, obtaining the support of bankers,
managing theworking capital, lack of credit resources are the problems which still
remain in the male‘s domain.
Shortage of raw-materials:-
Women entrepreneurs encounter the problems of shortage of raw-materials and
necessaryinputs. On the pinnacle of this, is the high prices of raw materials, on
one hand and getting rawmaterials at minimum discount rates are the other.
Cut-throat Competition:-
Lot of the women entrepreneurs have imperfect organizational set up to drive in a
lot ofmoney for canvassing and advertisements. They have to face severe
competition from organizedindustries. They have also to face a stiff competition
with the men entrepreneurs who easily involvein the promotion and development
area and carry out easy marketing of their products with both theorganized sector
and their male counterparts. Such a competition ultimately results in the
insolvency of women entrepreneurs.
Lack of education and prevalent levels of illiteracy amongst women: -
In India, around (40%) of women are still illiterate. Illiteracy is the root cause of
socioeconomicbarriers or hurdles. Due to lack of Knowledge of latest
technological change, know-howand education creates problems before women to
set up competitive enterprises.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
15. Family Conflicts:-
Women also countenance the conflict of performing of home role as they are not
available tospend enough time with their families. Because in India, mainly a
woman‘s duty is to look after herchildren and manage the other members of the
family. In business they have to spend long hours andas a result, they find it difficult
to meet the demands of their family members and society as well.Their incapability to
attend to domestic work, time for education of children, personal hobbies,
andentertainment adds to their conflicts.
Marketing Problems:-
Women entrepreneurs incessantly face the problems in marketing their products. It is
one ofthe core problems as this area is mainly dominated by males and even women
with adequateexperience fail to make a dent. For marketing the products women
entrepreneurs have to be at themercy of middlemen who pocket the hunk of profit.
Although the middlemen exploit the womenentrepreneurs, the purging of middlemen
is tricky, because it involves a lot of running about. Womenentrepreneurs also find it
difficult to capture the market and make their products popular.
Lack of self-confidence and optimistic attitude amongst women: -
Nowadays most of the women are suffering from one major problem of lack of self-
confidence,determination, physically powerful outlook, hopefulness etc. They are
always panic fromcommitting mistakes while doing their piece of work, more over
there is limited initiative of takingrisk and bearing uncertainty in them. Thus all these
psychological factors often obstruct their path ofachieving success in the area of
enterprise.
High cost of production:
High cost of production undermines the efficiency and adversely affects the
development of women entrepreneurs. The installation of new machinery during
expansion of the productive capacityand like similar factor dissuades the women
entrepreneur from venturing in to new area. Governmentassistance in the form of
grant and subsidies to some extent enables them to tide over the difficultsituations.
However, in the long run, it would be necessary to increase efficiency and
expandproductive capacity and thereby reduce cost to make their ultimate survival
possible, other than these,women entrepreneurs also face the problems of labour,
human resources, infrastructure, legalformalities, overload of work, lack of family
support, mistrust etc.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
16. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH
The main purpose or objective of study of women entrepreneurship is as
follows:
To exhibit the encouraging and discouraging factors in an
enterprise.
Identification and analysis of all the shortcomingsencountered by
women in setting and establishingan industrial enterprise.
To provide solutions to the variousproblems faced by the women
entrepreneur group.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
17. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Women entrepreneurship development is an essential part of human resource
development. The development of women entrepreneurship is very low in India, especially in
the rural areas. Entrepreneurship amongst women has been a recent concern. Women have
become aware of their existence their rights and their work situation. However, women of
middle class are not too eager to alter their role in fear of social backlash. The progress is
more visible among upper class families in urban cities.
This paper focuses on women entrepreneur. Any understanding of Indian women, of
their identity, and especially of their role taking and breaking new paths, will be incomplete
without a walk down the corridors of Indian history where women have lived and internalized
various role models. The paper talks about the status of women entrepreneurs and the
problems faced by them when they ventured out to carve their own niche in the competitive
world of business environment.
In this dynamic world, women entrepreneurs are an important part of the global quest
for sustained economic development and social progress. In India, though women have
played a key role in the society, their entrepreneurial ability has not been properly tapped due
to the lower status of women in the society. It is only from the Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-78)
onwards that their role has been explicitly recognized with a marked shift in the approach
from women welfare to women development and empowerment. The development of women
entrepreneurship has become an important aspect of our plan priorities. Several policies and
programmes are being implemented for the development of women entrepreneurship in
India.
There is a need for changing the mindset towards women so as to give equal rights as
enshrined in the constitution. The progress towards gender equality is slow and is partly due
to the failure to attach money to policy commitments. In the words of president APJ Abdul
Kalam "empowering women is a prerequisite for creating a good nation, when women
are empowered, society with stability is assured. Empowerment of women is essential as
their thoughts and their value systems lead to the development of a good family, good
society and ultimately a good nation."
When a woman is empowered it does not mean that another individual becomes
powerless or is having less power. On the contrary, if a women is empowered her
competencies towards decision- making will surely influence her family's behavior.
In advanced countries, there is a phenomenon of increase in the number of self-
employed women after the world war 11. In USA, women own 25% of all business, even
though their sales on an average are less than two-fifths of those of other small business. In
Canada, women own one-third of small business and in France it is one-fifth.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
18. Women Entrepreneurship in India
States No of Units No. of Women Percentage
Registered Entrepreneurs
Tamil Nadu 9618 2930 30.36
Uttar Pradesh 7980 3180 39.84
Kerala 5487 2135 38.91
Punjab 4791 1618 33.77
Maharastra 4339 1394 32.12
Gujrat 3872 1538 39.72
Karnatka 3822 1026 26.84
Madhya Pradesh 2967 842 28.38
Other States & UTS 14576 4185 28.71
Total 57,452 18,848 32.82
Women Work Participation
Country Percentage
India (1970-1971) 14.2
India (1980-1981) 19.7
India (1990-1991) 22.3
India (2000-2001) 31.6
USA 45
UK 43
Indonesia 40
Sri Lanka 35
Brazil 35
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
19. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
For methodology an extensive literature review of secondary data from various
sources has been held as related to the stated objectives of the study as well as research study
on internet survey basis.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
20. LIMITATIONS
During doing this research I found out that Women entrepreneurs face following limitations:-
1. The greatest deterrent to women entrepreneurs is that they are women. A kind of
patriarchal – male dominant social order is the building block to them in their way towards
business success. Male members think it a big risk financing the ventures run by women.
2. The financial institutions are sceptical about the entrepreneurial abilities of women. The
bankers consider women loonies as higher risk than men loonies. The bankers put unrealistic
and unreasonable securities to get loan to women entrepreneurs. According to a report by the
United Nations Industrial Development Organization , "despite evidence that women's loan
repayment rates are higher than men's, women still face more difficulties in obtaining credit,"
often due to discriminatory attitudes of banks and informal lending groups.
3. Entrepreneurs usually require financial assistance of some kind to launch their ventures -
be it a formal bank loan or money from a savings account. Women in developing nations
have little access to funds, due to the fact that they are concentrated in poor rural
communities with few opportunities to borrow money. The women entrepreneurs are
suffering from inadequate financial resources and working capital. The women entrepreneurs
lack access to external funds due to their inability to provide tangible security. Very few
women have the tangible property in hand.
4. Women's family obligations also bar them from becoming successful entrepreneurs in both
developed and developing nations. "Having primary responsibility for children, home and
older dependent family members, few women can devote all their time and energies to their
business" .The financial institutions discourage women entrepreneurs on the belief that they
can at any time leave their business and become housewives again. The result is that they are
forced to rely on their own savings, and loan from relatives and family friends.
5. Indian women give more emphasis to family ties and relationships. Married women have
to make a fine balance between business and home. More over the business success is
depends on the support the family members extended to women in the business process and
management. The interest of the family members is a determinant factor in the realization of
women folk business aspirations.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
21. 6. Another argument is that women entrepreneurs have low-level management skills. They
have to depend on office staffs and intermediaries, to get things done, especially, the
marketing and sales side of business. Here there is more probability for business fallacies like
the intermediaries take major part of the surplus or profit. Marketing means mobility and
confidence in dealing with the external world, both of which women have been discouraged
from developing by social conditioning. Even when they are otherwise in control of an
enterprise, they often depend on males of the family in this area.
7. The male - female competition is another factor, which develop hurdles to women
entrepreneurs in the business management process. Despite the fact that women entrepreneurs
are good in keeping their service prompt and delivery in time, due to lack of organisational
skills compared to male entrepreneurs women have to face constraints from competition. The
confidence to travel across day and night and even different regions and states are less found
in women compared to male entrepreneurs. This shows the low level freedom of expression
and freedom of mobility of the women entrepreneurs.
8. Knowledge of alternative source of raw materials availability and high negotiation skills
are the basic requirement to run a business. Getting the raw materials from different souse
with discount prices is the factor that determines the profit margin. Lack of knowledge of
availability of the raw materials and low-level negotiation and bargaining skills are the
factors, which affect women entrepreneur's business adventures.
9. Knowledge of latest technological changes, know how, and education level of the person
are significant factor that affect business. The literacy rate of women in India is found at low
level compared to male population. Many women in developing nations lack the education
needed to spur successful entrepreneurship. They are ignorant of new technologies or
unskilled in their use, and often unable to do research and gain the necessary training .
Although great advances are being made in technology, many women's illiteracy, strucutural
difficulties, and lack of access to technical training prevent the technology from being
beneficial or even available to females . According to The Economist, this lack of knowledge
and the continuing treatment of women as second-class citizens keeps them in a pervasive
cycle ofpoverty . The studies indicates that uneducated women donot have the knowledge of
measurement and basic accounting.
10. Low-level risk taking attitude is another factor affecting women folk decision to get into
business. Low-level education provides low-level self-confidence and self-reliance to the
women folk to engage in business, which is continuous risk taking and strategic cession
making profession. Investing money, maintaining the operations and ploughing back money
for surplus generation requires high risk taking attitude, courage and confidence. Though the
risk tolerance ability of the women folk in day-to-day life is high compared to male members,
while in business it is found opposite to that.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
22. 11. Achievement motivation of the women folk found less compared to male members. The
low level of education and confidence leads to low level achievement and advancement
motivation among women folk to engage in business operations and running a business
concern.
12. Finally high production cost of some business operations adversely affects the
development of women entrepreneurs. The installation of new machineries during expansion
of the productive capacity and like similar factors dissuades the women entrepreneurs from
venturing into new areas.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
23. RECOMMENDATIONS
On the basis of the aforesaid problems faced by women entrepreneurs and various
otherproblems too, there is a provision of a number of Strategies for promoting
women entrepreneurship toovercome these problems. Such solutions or remedies can
be well understood as under:-
Promoting entrepreneurship among women is especially important to tackle the
problems ofunder employment and unemployment in the society.
Education has been instrumental in increasing the participation of women in
entrepreneurial activities. The formal education not only helps in acquisition of
requires knowledge for a job,which demands non-traditional skills but also imparts
knowledge about the differentoccupational opportunities. Good academic background
makes women confident in dealingwith problems in business in an effective manner.
Although it is a fact that entrepreneurship isnot a special preserve for the educated but
in the case of women already burdened with manysocial pressures, education is a
powerful tool in breaking down the barriers to successful
Entrepreneurship. Thus education is a liberating force and barriers of caste and class,
smoothing out inequalities imposed by birth and other circumstances.
There should be an incessant attempt to motivate, give confidence, inspire and assist
womenentrepreneurs.
Government should provide better educational facilities and schemes to women folk.
There should be continuous monitoring, improvement of training programmers,
practicalexperience and personality development programmes to improvise their over-
all personalitystandards.
Establishment of proper training institutes for enhancing their level of work-
knowledge, skills,risk-taking abilities, enhancing their capabilities. Training Centers
should provide training toprospective women entrepreneurs free of cost and
Entrepreneurship Development Programmeshould be much more practical oriented.
Inculcation of self-confidence amongst women thatthey can also run a business
should be one of the prime motives of these programmes.
Potential women entrepreneurs should be exposed to different types of emerging
opportunities.
Housewives should be motivated to learn additional income.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
24. A women entrepreneur should herself set up an example by being successful and
should act asa role model. Since children have a tendency to emulate their parents, the
resultant effectwould be automatic.
Establishment of proper training institutes for enhancing their level of work-
knowledge, skills,risk-taking abilities, enhancing their capabilities.
Finance is sine-qua-non for any enterprise. The banking system is not sufficiently
responsiveto social banking needs and has not been able to deal with barriers that
hinder women fromusing or gaining access to credit. Adequate arrangements must be
made for the supply ofcredit facility at concession rate for the women entrepreneurs in
view of their growing needs.
Creating provision of micro credit system and enterprise credit system to the women
entrepreneurs at local level.
A Women Entrepreneur's Guidance Cell should be set up to handle the various
problems ofwomen entrepreneurs all over the state.
Positive attitudinal change in the society recognizing the role of women as
entrepreneur maylead to the development of appropriate environment in which
women will be able to exploittheir entrepreneurial talents.
Offering seed capital, up-liftmen schemes, women entrepreneurs fund etc. To
encourage themeconomically.
To extend confessional rates facilities and schemes for women entrepreneurs to
prosper in thefield of enterprise.
Thus by adopting the following aforesaid measures in letter and spirit the
problems associated with women can be solved.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
25. CONCLUSION
India is a male dominated society and women are assumed to be economically as well as
socially dependent on male members. The absolute dependence seems to be diluted among
the high and middle class women as they are becoming more aware of personal needs and
demanding greater equality.
Women entrepreneurs faced lots of problems at start-up as well as operating stage
like, non-availability of finance, restricted mobility freedom and having to perform dual role
one at home and other at work. Technological advancement and information technology
explosion have reduced the problem of women entrepreneurs. Along with technological
revolution, mental revolution of society is needed to change the attitude of the society and
provide women with democratic and entrepreneurial platform.
More-over with increasing Government and Non-Government and other financial
institutionsassistance for various women entrepreneurs within the economy there can be
significant increase brought about in the growth of women entrepreneurship process. Still
efforts are being made to coordinate with the enterprise activities of women and providing
them utmost financial, morale, psychological support by various institutions working within
the economy and world-wide.
Thus, Women have the potential and the determination to set up, uphold and
supervise theirown enterprises in a very systematic manner. Appropriate support and
encouragement from the Society in general and family members in particular is required to
help these women scale new heights in their business ventures. The right kind of assistance
from family, society and Government can make these Women Entrepreneurs a part of the
mainstream of national economy and they can contribute to the economic progress of India.
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Page 2
26. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Entrepreneurship Development –By S.S Khanka. S. Chand & Company
Limited. (Ram Nagar, New Delhi-10055).
A Reflection of the Indian Women in Entrepreneurial World
www.iimahd.ernet.in/publications/data/2005-08-07indirap.pdf
www.indianmba.com/Faculty_Column/FC1073/fc1073.html
www.oppapers.com › Business & Economy Research Papers
www.asiaentrepreneurshipjournal.com/AJESVolIIIss1Malar.pdf
www.academicjournals.org/ajbm/.../Witbooi%20and%20Ukpere.pdf
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