The passage discusses the key principles of progressivism in education as established by John Dewey in the early-to-mid 20th century. Progressivism believes that education should prepare students for a constantly changing society by making the curriculum highly social and student-centered. It rejects rote memorization and the passive transmission of knowledge, instead stressing that students learn best through hands-on experiences and by solving real-world problems. Teachers act as facilitators who guide student inquiry, rather than authoritarian figures who simply lecture. The content is derived from student interests and questions through interdisciplinary, project-based activities.

1. PROGRESSIVISM
Liberal Philosophy
Presentation Made by
Fatima MuhammadQassim

2. Aims of education
■ The Progressive education philosophy was established in
America from the mid 1920s through the mid 1950s.
■ The philosophical base of progressivism is “pragmatism”.
■ John Dewey was its foremost proponent began to channel his
interests toward education, challenging the long-standing grip
of perennialism on American education.
■ Dewey established his famous laboratory school in 1895.
■ The two announced purposes of the school were to exhibit,
test, and criticize ideas about how children learn and to watch
children to discover how they learn.

3. ■ Progressivism purports that the purpose of education is to prepare children to live in
society, but that since society is in a constant state of change, schools should prepare
students to confront the changing world.
■ Dewey rejected the notion that reality and ways of knowing and behaving are
absolute and of divine origin. Rather, he argued, reality is continually reconstructed,
based on an ever-changing universe and the changing needs and interests of human
beings.
■ curriculum emphasized by perennialists is academic and teacher centered, that
proposed by progressives is highly social and student centered.
■ progressivism rejects classroom practices that involve children passively learning
information "poured" into them by authoritarian teachers or from books.
■ progressivism stresses the importance of addressing the needs and experiences of
the whole child, not just a child's intellect. As much as possible, what a child studies
should be determined by his/her own experiences and interests.

4. Role of students
■ Progressivism believes that learner is a problem solver. They make meaning of
through their personal and individual experiences.
■ The learner apply in their own context what he learned. For this purpose students
work in the small group. They assigned some practical projects that they carried out in
groups.

5. Role of theTeachers
■ Progressivisms believes that effective teachers provide experiences and at the result students can learn
by doing.
■ Teacher is a guide for problem solving and scientific inquiry. Progressivism maintains that the role of the
teacher is as a facilitator who helps children to examine their experiences as they interact with the physical
and social worlds and to sort out for themselves a satisfactory role in society.
■ Progressivisms classroom is the teacher not positioned at one point but move and walk to different points
of the classroom.
■ Rather to talk in front, prefer walking around.
■ Teacher role is like a facilitator to motivate students to use variety of activities and learn.
■ The teacher enhance the learning by using different mode of teaching including the computer simulation.
■ Teachers are not considered authority figures handing down knowledge and precepts by which children
should live.
■ Rather, it is important that they prepare a wide repertoire of classroom activities to stimulate and satisfy
the interests of all their students.
■ They need to give students as much contact with real-life situations as they possibly can so students can
test their ideas, and learn from their experiences.

6. Teaching Method
■ Learning by doing and through experiences is the proposed teaching method of
progressivism .
■ These activities includes group and individual assignments, engage them in social
activities, relate those activities with daily life.
■ Besides this content decision is based on the future and present needs of the society.

7. Progressivists Curriculum
■ The content of progressivists curriculum is derived from
student interests and questions.The scientific method is
used by progressivist educators so that students can study
matter and events systematically and first hand.
■ The emphasis is on process-how one comes to know.
■ Progressivists curriculum involves the application of
human problems and affairs.
■ Interdisciplinary subject matter is used.
■ Activities and projects are also important part of
progressivists curriculum.

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