Program listds
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This document contains a program list for a data structures course using C programming language. It outlines various programs to implement arrays, both 1D and 2D, searching and sorting techniques on arrays, stacks, queues, and linked lists. There are over 30 individual programs covering traversing, inserting, deleting, merging, searching, and sorting operations on these various data structures. The course is for third semester BCA students and will be taught by faculty member Ashok Kumar.
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The document discusses the algorithm for evaluating postfix expressions. It explains that postfix notation is faster than infix notation because it does not require parentheses. It then presents the steps of the algorithm to evaluate a postfix expression: 1) scan the expression from end to beginning 2) push operands onto a stack and pop operands to apply operators 3) push results back onto the stack 4) return the final value on the stack. An example is provided to demonstrate evaluating the postfix expression "2 3 1 * + 9 -".
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Linear and binary search
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Linear search is the simplest search algorithm that works by sequentially checking each element of a list to see if it matches the search item. It has linear time complexity of O(n) as it may need to traverse the entire list in the worst case.
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Stacks are data structures that follow LIFO (last in, first out) ordering. Elements can only be added to or removed from one end, called the top. Stacks are used to maintain information between main programs and subroutines. Elements are pushed onto the stack by decrementing the stack pointer and storing the element, and popped off by incrementing the stack pointer after retrieving the element. Operations must check that the stack is not empty before popping or full before pushing to prevent errors.
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project2.classpathproject2.project project2 .docx
project2/.classpath
project2/.project
project2
linklist
org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder
org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature
project2/bin/project2/emplist.classpackage project2;
publicsynchronizedclass emplist {
public void emplist();
publicstatic void main(String[]) throws java.io.IOException;
}
project2/bin/project2/method1.classpackage project2;
publicsynchronizedclass method1 {
java.util.LinkedList newList;
public void method1();
void reverse(java.util.LinkedList);
void downsize(java.util.LinkedList, int);
}
project2/employees.txt
Ahmed
Bill
Diana
Harry
Juliet
Nina
Romeo
Sam
Tom
Zack
project2/src/project2/emplist.javaproject2/src/project2/emplist.javapackage project2;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.ListIterator;
publicclass emplist {
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args)throwsIOException{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
LinkedList<String> linkedlist =newLinkedList<String>();
method1 obj =new method1();
System.out.println("\t\t\t********************************************************");
System.out.println("\t\t\t********* This Program was written by ziyad **********");
System.out.println("\t\t\t********************************************************");
try(BufferedReader br =newBufferedReader(newFileReader(
"employees.txt"))){
String sCurrentLine;
while((sCurrentLine = br.readLine())!=null){
// System.out.println(sCurrentLine);
linkedlist.add(sCurrentLine);
// System.out.println(linkedlist);
}
String firstElement = linkedlist.get(0);
String lastElement = linkedlist.getLast();
System.out.println("\tDisplaying List contentusing traditional for loop");
for(int i =0; i < linkedlist.size(); i++){
System.out.println("Name of Emp is "+ linkedlist.get(i));
}
System.out.println("The first element of the List: "+ firstElement);
System.out.println("The last element of the List: "+ lastElement);
System.out.println("The size of the list after removing the last element Zack is: 9");
System.out.println("\tDisplaying using by using enhances for loop: ");
for(int a =0; a < linkedlist.size(); a++){
System.out.println(linkedlist.get(a));
}
ListIterator iter = linkedlist.listIterator();
while(iter.hasNext()){
int i = iter.nextIndex();
iter.next();
// System.out.println(iter.next() + " is at index" + i);
if(i ==0){
System.out.println("The current emplyee after advancing the iter five timers is: "
+ iter.previous());
Object element = iter.next();
iter.add("kelly");
// iter.set( "Kelly");
int k =0;
// while( k < linkedlist.size())
{
System.out.println("\tDisplaying list after inserting Kelly after the fifth position\n"+ linkedlist +" ");
k++;
}
}elseif(i ==6){
System.out.println("\tDisplaying list after setting the current element to Nancy"+ iter.previous());
Object element1 = iter.next();
.
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Sorting_project_2.pdf
The document describes implementing various sorting algorithms in C including insertion sort, shell sort, selection sort, quick sort, merge sort, and heap sort. Code snippets are provided showing the implementation of each algorithm. The main functions take an integer array and size as input, apply the sorting algorithm, and return the sorted array. Testing involves inputting an array size and values, selecting an algorithm from a menu, and outputting the sorted array.
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This document discusses algorithms for inserting nodes into singly linked lists at different positions. It provides pseudocode and illustrations for inserting a node after a given element, before a given element, and at a specified position.
For each insertion operation, it outlines the steps: 1) create a new node, 2) get the data, 3) check for empty list or specified position and traverse the list to find the insertion point. It then shows how to insert the new node by adjusting the next pointers of the preceding and current nodes. Examples are given with initial and final list illustrations for each insertion type.Presentation
This document discusses two methods for searching in arrays: sequential search and binary search. Sequential search involves checking each element of the array sequentially until the desired value is found. Binary search works by comparing the target value to the middle element of a sorted array, then searching the upper or lower half. Binary search is faster than sequential search as it reduces the search space by half with each comparison, with an average efficiency of O(log n) comparisons versus O(n) for sequential search. The document provides pseudocode examples and compares the properties of each search method.
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Stacks are data structures that follow LIFO (last in, first out) ordering. Elements can only be added to or removed from one end, called the top. Stacks are used to maintain information between main programs and subroutines. Elements are pushed onto the stack by decrementing the stack pointer and storing the element, and popped off by incrementing the stack pointer after retrieving the element. Operations must check that the stack is not empty before popping or full before pushing to prevent errors.
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Stack is a data structure that only allows elements to be added and removed from one end, called the top. It has components like a top pointer variable, elements that hold data, and a maximum size. Stacks can be implemented as arrays or linked lists. The main operations on a stack are push, which adds an element to the top, and pop, which removes an element from the top. These operations work similarly in array and linked list implementations, by incrementing or decrementing the top pointer and adding or removing the top element.
Quicksort Algorithm..simply defined through animations..!!
I've seen many ppts on Quicksort algorithm which are very good but fail to maintain simplicity and clarity. So, I've prepared a very simple ppt for students to understand the operation in a better way.
Stack
Stack is a linear data structure that follows the LIFO (Last In First Out) principle. Elements are inserted and removed from the top of the stack. Stack can be implemented using arrays or linked lists. Common stack operations are push, which adds an element to the top, and pop, which removes an element from the top.
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The document discusses singly linked lists and their advantages over arrays. It describes a lecture on data structures covering singly linked lists. The lecture explains what is wrong with static memory allocation in arrays and how linked lists provide a dynamic structure using nodes and pointers. It shows examples of creating linked list nodes, inserting nodes at the beginning and end of a list, and traversals through a non-empty list. The key operations on singly linked lists like creation, insertion, deletion and traversal are also summarized.
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A stack is a linear data structure that follows the last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle. Elements are inserted and removed from one end called the top. The basic operations are push, which inserts an element at the top, and pop, which removes the top element. Stacks have many real-world applications like piles of books and evaluating mathematical expressions. An array can be used to implement a stack by storing elements from index 0 to the top index, and incrementing or decrementing the top index during push and pop operations.
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This document discusses data structures stacks and queues. It provides definitions and examples of stacks and queues. Stacks follow LIFO (last in first out) and are useful for undo sequences and function calls. Queues follow FIFO (first in first out) and are useful for things like printer queues. The document discusses implementations of stacks and queues using arrays and linked lists. It provides pseudocode for common stack and queue operations like push, pop, enqueue, dequeue.
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These slides are part of a full series of slides which covers almost all the basic concepts of data structures and algorithms.
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This document provides an overview of programming with lists in C#. It discusses how to create and populate lists, add and remove items, and use built-in list methods like IndexOf, Sort, and Reverse. Contact information is provided for Micheal Ogundero of the Systems Engineering Department at University of Lagos, Nigeria for any questions.
Odersky week1 notes
This document discusses function types in Scala, including defining functions as objects or classes that extend function types. It provides examples of defining a factorial function recursively and using function types, as well as discussing recursion patterns like base cases and inductive steps. It also briefly mentions fold operations like foldLeft and foldRight, and using for comprehensions as a substitute for map/flatMap/filter operations.
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The document discusses applications of stacks, including reversing strings and lists, Polish notation for mathematical expressions, converting between infix, prefix and postfix notations, evaluating postfix and prefix expressions, recursion, and the Tower of Hanoi problem. Recursion involves defining a function in terms of itself, with a stopping condition. Stacks can be used to remove recursion by saving local variables at each step.
A General Framework for Electronic Circuit Verification
This document presents a general framework for formally verifying digital electronic circuits. It discusses representing circuits as finite state machines and using Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) to specify properties to verify. Key points:
- Digital circuits and computer programs are similar in nature, so methods used to verify programs can also verify circuits.
- A circuit can be modeled as a finite state machine by creating a state for every combination of inputs to each logic gate.
- LTL allows specifying temporal properties of the circuit to verify, using operators like "Next", "Until", "Eventually", and "Always".
- The framework was tested on sample circuits, proving properties using a symbolic model checker on the LTL specifications
Detection of Spyware by Mining Executable Files
This document proposes a method to detect spyware using data mining techniques. It extracts features from executable files and uses feature reduction to generate training data for classifiers to classify files as legitimate or spyware. The method involves collecting data, generating byte sequences and n-grams, extracting features using frequency-based and common-based approaches, reducing features, generating ARFF files for modeling, and training models using machine learning algorithms in WEKA, such as Naive Bayes and SVM, to classify new files.
The JavaScript You Wished You Knew
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Kotlin scope functions
Kotlin has scope functions that execute code on an object and provide a scope via lambda expressions. The main scope functions are let, run, with, apply, and also. Let, run, and also accept the object as a parameter and allow further calls or returning a new object. Apply returns the object but with calls made within. With is similar but does not accept the object as a parameter.
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A General Framework for Electronic Circuit Verification
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Similar to Program listds
project2.classpathproject2.project project2 .docx
project2/.classpath
project2/.project
project2
linklist
org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder
org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature
project2/bin/project2/emplist.classpackage project2;
publicsynchronizedclass emplist {
public void emplist();
publicstatic void main(String[]) throws java.io.IOException;
}
project2/bin/project2/method1.classpackage project2;
publicsynchronizedclass method1 {
java.util.LinkedList newList;
public void method1();
void reverse(java.util.LinkedList);
void downsize(java.util.LinkedList, int);
}
project2/employees.txt
Ahmed
Bill
Diana
Harry
Juliet
Nina
Romeo
Sam
Tom
Zack
project2/src/project2/emplist.javaproject2/src/project2/emplist.javapackage project2;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.ListIterator;
publicclass emplist {
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args)throwsIOException{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
LinkedList<String> linkedlist =newLinkedList<String>();
method1 obj =new method1();
System.out.println("\t\t\t********************************************************");
System.out.println("\t\t\t********* This Program was written by ziyad **********");
System.out.println("\t\t\t********************************************************");
try(BufferedReader br =newBufferedReader(newFileReader(
"employees.txt"))){
String sCurrentLine;
while((sCurrentLine = br.readLine())!=null){
// System.out.println(sCurrentLine);
linkedlist.add(sCurrentLine);
// System.out.println(linkedlist);
}
String firstElement = linkedlist.get(0);
String lastElement = linkedlist.getLast();
System.out.println("\tDisplaying List contentusing traditional for loop");
for(int i =0; i < linkedlist.size(); i++){
System.out.println("Name of Emp is "+ linkedlist.get(i));
}
System.out.println("The first element of the List: "+ firstElement);
System.out.println("The last element of the List: "+ lastElement);
System.out.println("The size of the list after removing the last element Zack is: 9");
System.out.println("\tDisplaying using by using enhances for loop: ");
for(int a =0; a < linkedlist.size(); a++){
System.out.println(linkedlist.get(a));
}
ListIterator iter = linkedlist.listIterator();
while(iter.hasNext()){
int i = iter.nextIndex();
iter.next();
// System.out.println(iter.next() + " is at index" + i);
if(i ==0){
System.out.println("The current emplyee after advancing the iter five timers is: "
+ iter.previous());
Object element = iter.next();
iter.add("kelly");
// iter.set( "Kelly");
int k =0;
// while( k < linkedlist.size())
{
System.out.println("\tDisplaying list after inserting Kelly after the fifth position\n"+ linkedlist +" ");
k++;
}
}elseif(i ==6){
System.out.println("\tDisplaying list after setting the current element to Nancy"+ iter.previous());
Object element1 = iter.next();
.
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data structure notes for bca. only use for education purpose. it help u to understand data structure and its methods.
B trees
data structure notes for bca. only use for education purpose. it help u to understand data structure and its methods.
data structure on bca.
Binary search trees have the following key properties:
1. Each node contains a value
2. The value of each left descendant is smaller than the node's value
3. The value of each right descendant is larger than the node's value
They allow for efficient insertion, deletion, and search operations in O(log n) time by maintaining this ordering property as the tree is modified.
data structure on bca.
data structure notes for bca. only use for education purpose.
it help u to understand data structure and its methods.
System security
this ppt is on the topic of system security. there are some topic which are introduce very nicely.there are some commont topic introduce in the
1. firewall
2.antivirus
3.malware
and IOT
these are the sub topic..
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