Slides on medical laboratory testing process and pre-analytical factors that might contribute to laboratory errors and sample rejection, and how to prevent it.
How medical/clinical laboratory staff should behave. Their relationship with their regulatory body, their clients, their colleagues and other professionals.
In the era of modern technology, health care delivery system involves so many different personnel and specialties that the caregiver must have an understanding and working knowledge of other professional endeavors, including the role of diagnostic evaluation.
Basically, laboratory and diagnostic tests are tools by and of themselves, they are not therapeutic.
In conjunction with a pertinent history and physical examination, these tests can confirm a diagnosis or provide valuable information about a patient status and response to therapy.
In addition to these, laboratory findings are essential for epidemiological surveillance and research purposes.
If the entire network of a laboratory service is to be effectively utilized and contribute to health care and disease prevention, every member of its work force need to:
Understand the role of the laboratory and its contribution to the nation’s health service;
Appreciate the need to involve all members in the provision of health service;
Follow professional ethics and code of conduct;
Experience job satisfaction and have professional loyalty.
Medical laboratory science is a complex field embracing a number of different disciplines such as
Microbiology,
Hematology,
Clinical Chemistry,
Urinalysis,
Immunology,
Serology,
Histopathology,
Immunohematology and
Molecular biology and others
This document outlines the course outcomes and pledge for a medical laboratory professional ethics course. The course aims to teach students how to perform various medical lab tests and procedures, including estimating hemoglobin, performing blood counts and blood typing, measuring clotting time and blood pressure, and conducting electrocardiograms. The pledge commits medical lab professionals to putting patient welfare first, maintaining professional standards, promoting equitable healthcare, and complying with regulations.
What do clinicians need to know about lab tests?Ola Elgaddar
A presentation in the Annual meeting of the Egyptian American Scholars (AEAS) in Cairo 2015.
I am trying here to describe, in short, from my point of view as a laboratorian, the points that we need to discuss with clinicians. Both groups should share some terms and definitions and should see things from the same perspective!
Analytical and post-analytical errors can occur in clinical chemistry laboratories. Analytical errors include issues like test systems not being calibrated properly, controls being out of range but results still reported, improper measurements or reagents, and instrument maintenance issues. This can lead to inaccuracies, imprecisions, insensitivities, and linearity problems. Post-analytical errors involve things like transcription mistakes in reporting results, reports going to the wrong location, illegible reports, or reports not being sent at all. Laboratories should develop systematic workflows, continuously monitor for errors, and strengthen defenses to minimize vulnerabilities and their impacts, which can include inadequate patient care, misdiagnosis, harm, or even death.
This document discusses determinate (systematic) errors in laboratory analysis. It defines determinate errors as errors caused by faults in the analytical procedure or instruments used. These errors are systematic and cause results to be consistently too high or too low. Sources of determinate error include issues with reagents, instrumentation, analytical methods, contamination, and analyst errors. Methods for identifying and correcting for determinate errors are also presented.
Slides on medical laboratory testing process and pre-analytical factors that might contribute to laboratory errors and sample rejection, and how to prevent it.
How medical/clinical laboratory staff should behave. Their relationship with their regulatory body, their clients, their colleagues and other professionals.
In the era of modern technology, health care delivery system involves so many different personnel and specialties that the caregiver must have an understanding and working knowledge of other professional endeavors, including the role of diagnostic evaluation.
Basically, laboratory and diagnostic tests are tools by and of themselves, they are not therapeutic.
In conjunction with a pertinent history and physical examination, these tests can confirm a diagnosis or provide valuable information about a patient status and response to therapy.
In addition to these, laboratory findings are essential for epidemiological surveillance and research purposes.
If the entire network of a laboratory service is to be effectively utilized and contribute to health care and disease prevention, every member of its work force need to:
Understand the role of the laboratory and its contribution to the nation’s health service;
Appreciate the need to involve all members in the provision of health service;
Follow professional ethics and code of conduct;
Experience job satisfaction and have professional loyalty.
Medical laboratory science is a complex field embracing a number of different disciplines such as
Microbiology,
Hematology,
Clinical Chemistry,
Urinalysis,
Immunology,
Serology,
Histopathology,
Immunohematology and
Molecular biology and others
This document outlines the course outcomes and pledge for a medical laboratory professional ethics course. The course aims to teach students how to perform various medical lab tests and procedures, including estimating hemoglobin, performing blood counts and blood typing, measuring clotting time and blood pressure, and conducting electrocardiograms. The pledge commits medical lab professionals to putting patient welfare first, maintaining professional standards, promoting equitable healthcare, and complying with regulations.
What do clinicians need to know about lab tests?Ola Elgaddar
A presentation in the Annual meeting of the Egyptian American Scholars (AEAS) in Cairo 2015.
I am trying here to describe, in short, from my point of view as a laboratorian, the points that we need to discuss with clinicians. Both groups should share some terms and definitions and should see things from the same perspective!
Analytical and post-analytical errors can occur in clinical chemistry laboratories. Analytical errors include issues like test systems not being calibrated properly, controls being out of range but results still reported, improper measurements or reagents, and instrument maintenance issues. This can lead to inaccuracies, imprecisions, insensitivities, and linearity problems. Post-analytical errors involve things like transcription mistakes in reporting results, reports going to the wrong location, illegible reports, or reports not being sent at all. Laboratories should develop systematic workflows, continuously monitor for errors, and strengthen defenses to minimize vulnerabilities and their impacts, which can include inadequate patient care, misdiagnosis, harm, or even death.
This document discusses determinate (systematic) errors in laboratory analysis. It defines determinate errors as errors caused by faults in the analytical procedure or instruments used. These errors are systematic and cause results to be consistently too high or too low. Sources of determinate error include issues with reagents, instrumentation, analytical methods, contamination, and analyst errors. Methods for identifying and correcting for determinate errors are also presented.
The issue of laboratory quality has evolved over more than 4 decades since the 1st recommendation for quality control were published in 1965
Now, quality control is seen as only one part of a total laboratory control program
Quality also includes:
a) Total Quality Management (TQM)→ an activity to improve pt. care by having the lab monitor, its work to detect deficiencies & subsequently correct them
The document discusses preanalytical errors that can occur in medical laboratories. It identifies that the preanalytical phase, which includes specimen collection, transport, and processing, is where the majority of errors take place. Proper procedures and techniques are important for collecting and handling specimens to avoid errors that can compromise patient diagnosis and treatment. The document outlines various steps in the preanalytical process and potential sources of errors at each step."
Pre analytic and postanalytic test managementVarsha Shahane
The document discusses principles of pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic test management. It covers test selection and evaluation, requisition and test menu formats, and report formatting. The three phases of quality assurance - pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic - are described in detail, including factors influencing each phase like specimen handling, equipment calibration, and report review. Quality control procedures are also outlined to ensure test accuracy and reproducibility.
Quality in clinical laboratory is a continuous journey of improving processes through team work, innovative solutions, regulatory compliance with final objective to meet the evolving needs of clinicians & patients.
This document discusses laboratory errors, their causes, and ways to prevent them. It notes that errors can occur at any stage of the testing process, from specimen collection to reporting of results. The majority of errors are pre-analytical or post-analytical. Common causes of errors include inadequate staffing, poor quality control, time pressures, and lack of validation of tests. Errors are classified as latent due to organizational failures or infrastructure issues, or active including pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical errors. Preventing errors requires measures such as staff education, adherence to standards and procedures, quality monitoring, and effective communication across departments. Reducing errors is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients
Quality control, quality assurance, and quality assessment are important concepts for ensuring accuracy and reliability in medical laboratory testing. Quality control refers to internal processes like running controls to verify test accuracy during each run. Quality assurance encompasses the overall program to deliver correct results. Quality assessment challenges these programs through external proficiency testing. Proper documentation, trained personnel, validated methods and equipment, and monitoring control rules are key to achieving the goals of quality control, quality assurance and providing quality medical laboratory testing.
This is a series of notes on clinical pathology, useful for postgraduate students and practising pathologists. It covers all internal and external quality control techniques. The topics are presented point wise for easy reproduction.
A routine session on quality assurance practice in a medical laboratory to sensitize and provide basics to those interested in working in a medical testing laboratory.
This document discusses quality assurance in haematology. It defines quality and introduces the concepts of quality control and quality assurance. Quality control aims to minimize errors through statistical sampling and verification of consistent performance. Quality assurance ensures reliable test results through adherence to standards within and outside the laboratory. This includes internal quality control, external quality assessment, and standardization using reference materials and methods. Several examples are provided of potential pre-analytical errors in sample collection, transport, and handling that can affect test results. Adherence to proper procedures is emphasized to avoid issues like hemolysis, clotting, and dilution.
The document discusses pre-analytical errors that can occur prior to laboratory testing and affect test results. It outlines various factors in the pre-analytical phase including proper patient identification, preparation, sample collection techniques, sample handling and processing, and stability of samples. Key areas that can introduce errors are identified as patient identification, order of tube draw, sample mixing and centrifugation, and stability of whole blood, serum and plasma samples. Standardizing procedures and monitoring pre-analytical variables is important for reliable test results and patient outcomes.
The document discusses various pre-analytical and post-analytical errors that can occur in clinical laboratories. It notes that errors commonly occur in specimen receiving, sampling, transport, and results reporting. Some common errors include entering the wrong patient data, incomplete patient information, misidentifying tests, collecting samples from patients with the wrong test orders, and not fulfilling all requested investigations. The document also discusses various biological and environmental factors that can influence laboratory test results, such as patient posture, exercise, underlying medical conditions, drug use, and diet. Proper specimen collection and handling is important to avoid pre-analytical errors.
This document discusses quality control, quality assurance, and quality assessment in medical laboratories. It defines key terms like quality control, quality assurance, and quality assessment. Quality control refers to analytical measurements used to assess data quality, while quality assurance is an overall management plan to ensure data integrity. Quality assessment determines the quality of results generated by evaluating internal and external quality programs. The document outlines quality assurance and quality control processes like standard operating procedures, equipment and reagent validation, personnel competency, and documentation. It also discusses error types, control chart interpretation, and Westgard rules for evaluating quality control results.
Quality assurance in the department of clinical biochemistryDipesh Tamrakar
This document discusses quality assurance and control in clinical laboratories. It explains that quality control aims to ensure test results are correct by monitoring performance through tools like internal quality control and external quality assessment. The document outlines the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases of testing and discusses specific quality control procedures used at each stage like storage of controls, monitoring control data, and troubleshooting out of control errors. Westgard rules for determining if quality control is in or out of control are also explained.
Responsibilities of Clinical Laboratory Scientist and TechniciansBest care Lab
Laboratory science, being the vital element of the medical industry, a medical laboratory and its technicians play a great role in it. In general medical laboratory scientists and medical laboratory technicians collect samples and perform the tests to analyze body fluids, tissue, and other substances.
This document provides information on quality control and quality assurance in medical laboratories. It defines key terms like quality control, quality assurance, and quality assessment. It describes variables that can affect result quality and sources of errors. Random errors are unpredictable variations while systematic errors create biases. The document outlines Westgard rules, which are used to evaluate analytical runs and detect random and systematic errors. Steps for resolving quality control problems and minimum criteria for determining when results are out of control are also discussed.
Internal quality control in clinical laboratories hematology(2)NAZAR ABU-DULLA
This document discusses internal quality control in hematology laboratories. It begins with an introduction of the author, Nazar Ahmed Mohamed Abd-Alla, which notes his qualifications and experience in hematology and laboratory administration.
The document then outlines topics that will be covered, including quality definitions, types of errors, specimen handling, method selection, calibration, documentation, and quality programs. It discusses sources of errors like pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical errors. It also covers quality assurance, method validation, and specifications for proper specimen collection, transport, and acceptance or rejection. The goal is to provide reliable and accurate test results through effective quality control.
The document discusses method validation requirements in clinical laboratories. It defines validation as testing a measurement procedure to assess its performance and determine acceptability. Method validation involves characterizing six key elements: reportable range, precision, accuracy, reference intervals, sensitivity, and specificity. The degree of validation depends on whether a test is FDA-approved, modified, or non-FDA approved. Common validation studies include precision, accuracy, method comparison, linearity, reference intervals, and sensitivity testing. Validation ensures a test method is fit for its intended use and identifies potential sources of error.
Quality Control in Pathological Laboratorysanarehman8159
This document discusses quality control in pathological laboratories. It defines quality as being free from defects and errors. Quality control monitors and evaluates analytical testing processes to ensure reliable patient results. There are two types of quality control: internal quality control performed within the lab, and external quality control performed by an outside agency. Quality assurance involves assessing all aspects of the testing process. Regular quality control using control samples is important to validate test systems and equipment are working properly so patient results can be accurately diagnosed and treated.
The issue of laboratory quality has evolved over more than 4 decades since the 1st recommendation for quality control were published in 1965
Now, quality control is seen as only one part of a total laboratory control program
Quality also includes:
a) Total Quality Management (TQM)→ an activity to improve pt. care by having the lab monitor, its work to detect deficiencies & subsequently correct them
The document discusses preanalytical errors that can occur in medical laboratories. It identifies that the preanalytical phase, which includes specimen collection, transport, and processing, is where the majority of errors take place. Proper procedures and techniques are important for collecting and handling specimens to avoid errors that can compromise patient diagnosis and treatment. The document outlines various steps in the preanalytical process and potential sources of errors at each step."
Pre analytic and postanalytic test managementVarsha Shahane
The document discusses principles of pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic test management. It covers test selection and evaluation, requisition and test menu formats, and report formatting. The three phases of quality assurance - pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic - are described in detail, including factors influencing each phase like specimen handling, equipment calibration, and report review. Quality control procedures are also outlined to ensure test accuracy and reproducibility.
Quality in clinical laboratory is a continuous journey of improving processes through team work, innovative solutions, regulatory compliance with final objective to meet the evolving needs of clinicians & patients.
This document discusses laboratory errors, their causes, and ways to prevent them. It notes that errors can occur at any stage of the testing process, from specimen collection to reporting of results. The majority of errors are pre-analytical or post-analytical. Common causes of errors include inadequate staffing, poor quality control, time pressures, and lack of validation of tests. Errors are classified as latent due to organizational failures or infrastructure issues, or active including pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical errors. Preventing errors requires measures such as staff education, adherence to standards and procedures, quality monitoring, and effective communication across departments. Reducing errors is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients
Quality control, quality assurance, and quality assessment are important concepts for ensuring accuracy and reliability in medical laboratory testing. Quality control refers to internal processes like running controls to verify test accuracy during each run. Quality assurance encompasses the overall program to deliver correct results. Quality assessment challenges these programs through external proficiency testing. Proper documentation, trained personnel, validated methods and equipment, and monitoring control rules are key to achieving the goals of quality control, quality assurance and providing quality medical laboratory testing.
This is a series of notes on clinical pathology, useful for postgraduate students and practising pathologists. It covers all internal and external quality control techniques. The topics are presented point wise for easy reproduction.
A routine session on quality assurance practice in a medical laboratory to sensitize and provide basics to those interested in working in a medical testing laboratory.
This document discusses quality assurance in haematology. It defines quality and introduces the concepts of quality control and quality assurance. Quality control aims to minimize errors through statistical sampling and verification of consistent performance. Quality assurance ensures reliable test results through adherence to standards within and outside the laboratory. This includes internal quality control, external quality assessment, and standardization using reference materials and methods. Several examples are provided of potential pre-analytical errors in sample collection, transport, and handling that can affect test results. Adherence to proper procedures is emphasized to avoid issues like hemolysis, clotting, and dilution.
The document discusses pre-analytical errors that can occur prior to laboratory testing and affect test results. It outlines various factors in the pre-analytical phase including proper patient identification, preparation, sample collection techniques, sample handling and processing, and stability of samples. Key areas that can introduce errors are identified as patient identification, order of tube draw, sample mixing and centrifugation, and stability of whole blood, serum and plasma samples. Standardizing procedures and monitoring pre-analytical variables is important for reliable test results and patient outcomes.
The document discusses various pre-analytical and post-analytical errors that can occur in clinical laboratories. It notes that errors commonly occur in specimen receiving, sampling, transport, and results reporting. Some common errors include entering the wrong patient data, incomplete patient information, misidentifying tests, collecting samples from patients with the wrong test orders, and not fulfilling all requested investigations. The document also discusses various biological and environmental factors that can influence laboratory test results, such as patient posture, exercise, underlying medical conditions, drug use, and diet. Proper specimen collection and handling is important to avoid pre-analytical errors.
This document discusses quality control, quality assurance, and quality assessment in medical laboratories. It defines key terms like quality control, quality assurance, and quality assessment. Quality control refers to analytical measurements used to assess data quality, while quality assurance is an overall management plan to ensure data integrity. Quality assessment determines the quality of results generated by evaluating internal and external quality programs. The document outlines quality assurance and quality control processes like standard operating procedures, equipment and reagent validation, personnel competency, and documentation. It also discusses error types, control chart interpretation, and Westgard rules for evaluating quality control results.
Quality assurance in the department of clinical biochemistryDipesh Tamrakar
This document discusses quality assurance and control in clinical laboratories. It explains that quality control aims to ensure test results are correct by monitoring performance through tools like internal quality control and external quality assessment. The document outlines the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases of testing and discusses specific quality control procedures used at each stage like storage of controls, monitoring control data, and troubleshooting out of control errors. Westgard rules for determining if quality control is in or out of control are also explained.
Responsibilities of Clinical Laboratory Scientist and TechniciansBest care Lab
Laboratory science, being the vital element of the medical industry, a medical laboratory and its technicians play a great role in it. In general medical laboratory scientists and medical laboratory technicians collect samples and perform the tests to analyze body fluids, tissue, and other substances.
This document provides information on quality control and quality assurance in medical laboratories. It defines key terms like quality control, quality assurance, and quality assessment. It describes variables that can affect result quality and sources of errors. Random errors are unpredictable variations while systematic errors create biases. The document outlines Westgard rules, which are used to evaluate analytical runs and detect random and systematic errors. Steps for resolving quality control problems and minimum criteria for determining when results are out of control are also discussed.
Internal quality control in clinical laboratories hematology(2)NAZAR ABU-DULLA
This document discusses internal quality control in hematology laboratories. It begins with an introduction of the author, Nazar Ahmed Mohamed Abd-Alla, which notes his qualifications and experience in hematology and laboratory administration.
The document then outlines topics that will be covered, including quality definitions, types of errors, specimen handling, method selection, calibration, documentation, and quality programs. It discusses sources of errors like pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical errors. It also covers quality assurance, method validation, and specifications for proper specimen collection, transport, and acceptance or rejection. The goal is to provide reliable and accurate test results through effective quality control.
The document discusses method validation requirements in clinical laboratories. It defines validation as testing a measurement procedure to assess its performance and determine acceptability. Method validation involves characterizing six key elements: reportable range, precision, accuracy, reference intervals, sensitivity, and specificity. The degree of validation depends on whether a test is FDA-approved, modified, or non-FDA approved. Common validation studies include precision, accuracy, method comparison, linearity, reference intervals, and sensitivity testing. Validation ensures a test method is fit for its intended use and identifies potential sources of error.
Quality Control in Pathological Laboratorysanarehman8159
This document discusses quality control in pathological laboratories. It defines quality as being free from defects and errors. Quality control monitors and evaluates analytical testing processes to ensure reliable patient results. There are two types of quality control: internal quality control performed within the lab, and external quality control performed by an outside agency. Quality assurance involves assessing all aspects of the testing process. Regular quality control using control samples is important to validate test systems and equipment are working properly so patient results can be accurately diagnosed and treated.
Quality assurance in relation to medical laboratory accreditationDr. T.A. Varkey
Dr. TA Varkey PhD, Managing Director, Medilab Speciality Laboratories, Kochi explains the need of Quality Control in Clinical Laboratories and how Quality assurance can be made on various procedures done.
This document discusses emerging technologies in healthcare including:
1) Earlier diagnosis, less invasive treatments, and shorter hospital stays which can lower costs.
2) Demographic changes and rising healthcare costs increasing focus on quality improvement.
3) Emerging technologies like nanotechnology, bionics, regenerative medicine, and mobile/wearable devices that could transform diagnosis, treatment and healthcare delivery.
4) Applications of these technologies including drug delivery, imaging, disease detection, prosthetics and more personalized/preventative care models.
Basics of laboratory internal quality control, Ola Elgaddar, 2012Ola Elgaddar
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a continuous approach to improve quality and performance. It requires integrating quality functions throughout an organization with involvement from management, employees, suppliers, and customers. For medical laboratories, quality control has three main stages - pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical. Analytical quality control involves internal quality control (IQC) using control materials and external quality assessment (EQA) to monitor quality and compare results between laboratories. IQC follows procedures like plotting daily control results on Levey-Jennings charts and evaluating them using Westgard rules to detect errors.
1. A quality management system for a medical laboratory seeks to efficiently achieve the objectives of providing accurate test results to physicians and contributing to patient care.
2. Key aspects of a quality management system include personnel management, equipment management, process control, purchasing and inventory, and continuous improvement.
3. Implementing a quality management system can help detect and prevent errors, saving time, personnel costs, and improving patient outcomes compared to an error-prone laboratory.
This document provides an overview of quality assurance and quality control processes in a clinical laboratory setting. It discusses key definitions of quality and quality management. It distinguishes between quality assurance and quality control, describing quality control as measurement to check analytical data quality while quality assurance guarantees integrity of overall data. The document outlines quality control selection criteria and evaluation methods. It also covers documentation requirements for a quality management system including classification of internal documents, external documents, and records.
This document discusses various aspects of laboratory management including organizing the laboratory space, storing equipment and chemicals, purchasing supplies, and record keeping. It emphasizes the importance of proper storage, labeling, and stock control to ensure safety, availability of materials, and cost effectiveness. Key recommendations include storing chemicals by type in labeled cabinets and containers, maintaining minimum and maximum stock levels, and having processes for requisition, receipt, and auditing of all laboratory items.
Translating research into policy & practice the way forward by Adeeba Kamar...Hidzuan Hashim
The document discusses strategies for translating HIV/AIDS research into policy and practice, highlighting the importance of ensuring research evidence is used to inform management, policy, and clinical decision making. It also outlines challenges in HIV prevention for most-at-risk populations and proposes combination prevention approaches that integrate biomedical, behavioral, and structural interventions to effectively address the epidemic. Barriers like stigma, discrimination, access to services, and enabling environments must be overcome to improve HIV prevention efforts.
Role of mls professional board and the associationSEJOJO PHAAROE
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of a Medical Laboratory Scientists Regulatory Board in Lesotho. It outlines the need for regulation due to challenges like staff shortages, increased testing demands, and the risk of professional negligence. The board would protect public health by ensuring practitioners are competent. It would develop standards for education, licensing, and board examinations for different professional levels. The board's work includes maintaining records of practitioner qualifications and competence, investigating violations, and educating licensed scientists on changes to laws. Its goal is to regulate the practice of laboratory science and uphold quality standards for the protection of patients.
10% of the total project cost
Junior Research Fellow: 15% of the total project cost
Technician: 10% of the total project cost
Chemicals/Glassware: 10% of the total project cost
Consumables: 10% of the total project cost
Travel: 5% of the total project cost
Contingency: 5% of the total project cost
Equipment: 25% of the total project cost (non-recurring)
Overheads: 10% of the total project cost
Total: 100% of the total project cost
The financial norms are indicative and may vary depending upon the nature of the project. However, the total cost ceiling would
Global Academic Program of MD Anderson Cancer Centerspa718
The Global Academic Programs (GAP) at MD Anderson Cancer Center supports the institution's mission of eliminating cancer globally through its Sister Institution Network of 33 cancer centers in 24 countries. GAP facilitates collaboration between MD Anderson and its sister institutions across key areas of patient care, research, prevention, and education. Notable activities include referring international patients for second opinions and treatment through the Sister Institution Referral Assistance Center, funding collaborative research projects through the Sister Institution Network Fund, increasing global cancer publications and clinical trials, implementing tobacco control programs, and convening an annual conference to foster networking.
Overview of medical laboratory regulatory council, objectives 2013SEJOJO PHAAROE
There is an urgent need for professional regulation in the region , because of staff mobilty, and professional demands and aspirations for continous professional development and harmony in ethical practices. Lesotho Medical Regulatory Council is advocated , and this will operate within the Legal Framework of the Health Professional Council
- The document discusses how artificial intelligence can enable earlier and safer medicine.
- It provides background on the author and their expertise in biomedical informatics and roles as editor-in-chief of several academic journals.
- Key applications of AI in healthcare discussed include using machine learning on large medical datasets to detect suspicious moles earlier, reduce medication errors, and more accurately predict cancer occurrence up to 12 months in advance.
- The author argues that AI has the potential to transform medicine by enabling more preventive and earlier detection approaches compared to traditional reactive healthcare models.
The document summarizes information about clinical trials and Clinical Trials Ontario (CTO). CTO aims to strengthen Ontario's clinical research capabilities by streamlining ethics reviews and trial agreements. It also works to increase public awareness of clinical trials and encourage participation. The summary describes key aspects of clinical trials such as phases, protocols, approval processes, and considerations for potential participants. Contact information is provided for CTO and the Canadian Cancer Survivor Network.
The document summarizes discussions from two roundtables on opportunities and barriers to using real-world evidence in Canada. Key points identified include the need to: 1) build a culture that recognizes real-world evidence can foster healthcare innovation; 2) increase understanding of real-world evidence's value to improve quality and efficiency; and 3) use common data structures and vocabularies to better link and analyze data. Next steps discussed building real-world evidence capacity in Canada through continued stakeholder discussions, leveraging existing data infrastructure, and balancing privacy concerns with the need for appropriate care.
This document summarizes the findings of a study on improving risk management of animal disease in the livestock trade between Somalia and Middle Eastern markets. The study found that (1) Somalia exports large numbers of livestock and faces significant risks of exporting infected animals, (2) these risks can be managed by controlling diseases in Somalia, exported animals, and limiting contact with domestic animals in importing countries, and (3) health certification combined with market inspections and laboratory testing of exported animals is a sensible approach for managing many diseases, though quarantine poses challenges due to potential for disease spread.
Challenges and Opportunities 07082022 Conference.pptxFredasirwa
The document summarizes a presentation by Prof. Fredrick Chite Asirwa on challenges and opportunities in cancer research reporting in sub-Saharan Africa. It finds that less than 1% of clinical cancer trials are conducted in Africa. Media in Kenya rarely reports on ongoing cancer studies, research findings, or centers conducting cancer research. Challenges include lack of health journalism training, short deadlines, and prioritizing sensational stories over research. Opportunities include partnerships to educate the public and advocate for improved cancer care through research. Recommendations include multidisciplinary collaboration to increase balanced, accurate research reporting across the cancer continuum.
The document summarizes the functions and ethical guidelines of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). ICMR is the apex body for biomedical research in India. It provides funding for research, has governing bodies like a scientific advisory board, and aims to conduct ethical research that respects participants. The document outlines general ethical principles like voluntary participation, informed consent, and minimizing risks. It also discusses issues like privacy, payment for participation, and managing conflicts of interest. ICMR has various divisions, regional centers, and institutes that conduct and support biomedical research across India.
PLx Pharma is developing next generation NSAIDs to improve gastrointestinal (GI) safety. Jason Moore, Vice President of PLx Pharma, gave a presentation about positioning oneself for a leadership career in biotech and about the challenges faced by PLx Pharma, including developing drugs with improved GI safety profiles to address the large market for osteoarthritis pain relief while managing various risks in the drug development process such as technical, regulatory, financial and commercial risks.
This document discusses the role and functions of an Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC). The IEC is responsible for ensuring research involving human subjects is conducted ethically and protects participants' rights, safety, and well-being. The IEC reviews research proposals, consent forms, and other documents to evaluate risks and benefits to participants. It can approve research, approve with modifications, require resubmission with more information, or disapprove projects. The IEC also conducts continuing reviews of approved research. It is mandated by guidelines in India to ethically review all biomedical research involving human subjects.
This document discusses medical ethics in view of medical research. It begins by noting conflicts between various stakeholders in medical institutions. It then defines what ethics are and are not, establishing that ethics are based on moral principles of right and wrong. It discusses how medical ethics regulate professional conduct and relationships. The document outlines guidelines from organizations like WHO and ICMR for ethical research involving human subjects. It emphasizes informed consent and the role of institutional ethics committees in reviewing research proposals and ensuring ethical standards are followed. Throughout, it stresses applying ethical values with human perception in medical research.
EuroBioForum 2013 - Day 2 | Mark PoznanskyEuroBioForum
EuroBioForum 2013 2nd Annual Conference
27-28 May 2013 - Hilton Munich City, Munich, Germany
http://www.eurobioforum.eu/2013
=======================================
# REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES #
Ontario Genomics Institute, Canada:
Innovative Research, Innovative Translation
Dr Mark Poznansky
President and CEO Ontario Genomics Institute
=======================================
http://www.eurobioforum.eu
Post-trial management involves several important responsibilities including informing trial participants about outcomes, compensating for injuries, monitoring adverse events, retaining and securing trial data, and determining data ownership. Data integrity and preventing misconduct like fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism are also critical. Journals and researchers must have policies for authorship, funding disclosure, managing conflicts of interest, and correcting the record to ensure publication ethics.
SICKELE CELL DISEASE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE FOR LESOTHOSEJOJO PHAAROE
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, including Lesotho where it accounts for substantial morbidity and mortality. SCD is a life-threatening genetic disorder that is best managed when diagnosed early by newborn screening. The incidence and cases are not reported in Lesotho. Newborn screening which is paramount for early diagnosis and enrolment of affected children into a comprehensive care programme is not available in Lesotho. Up to now, this strategy has been greatly impaired in resource-poor countries, because screening methods are technologically and financially intensive; affordable, reliable, and accurate methods are needed. We aimed to test the feasibility of implementing a sickle cell disease screening programme using innovative point-of-care test devices into existing immunization programmes in primary health-care settings.
Goal; increase sickle cell disease awareness, diagnosis and management in Lesotho from 0- 20% by 25%
Mission: To improve care of all Sickle Cell Disease patients for their better future and to lower the prevalence of the disease through multi=sectoral, multi-faced coordinated approach towards screening and awareness strategies
Vision: Eliminate sickle cell disease as a public health problem in Lesotho. There is need for increasing the awareness about the disease in the community, implementation of mass screening activities for early identification, building a strong network of diagnosis and linkages, implementing robust monitoring system, strengthening the existing primary health care mechanism to incorporate SCD related strategies, capacity building of primary, secondary and tertiary health care teams and building cost-effective intensive interventions at higher care facilities.
SICKELE CELL DISEASE MODULE 3 SEJOJO.pptx TO BE PRESENTED. IN TRAININGS.pptxSEJOJO PHAAROE
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder whereby red blood cells are abnormally shaped, causing problems with the flow of blood through the body as well as transport of oxygen throughout the body
inheritance is Autosomal because its a blood disorder and systemic disorder
its caused by mutation on B-chain of the globulin chain , where red blood cells (RBCs) become sickle/crescent shaped
Cells get destroyed in narrowed thin blood capillaries , RE system and cause anaemia Blockage in thin layers body
OVEARVIEW OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN LEOTHO SEJOJO PHAAROE
Chronic non infectious diseases that are silent and persecute mankind . non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. NCDs include Parkinson's disease, autoimmune diseases, strokes, heart diseases, cancers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and other
Demands for Haemophilia tratment centres to fullfull universal health access...SEJOJO PHAAROE
Haemophilia ia a rare disease that affect 1: 10 000 people. Demands for services, medication and access to cheap effective clotting factors is a human right for people living with haemophilia. A haemophilia registry is a demand from the Government at large .. Essential drug list should also contain haemophilia medication.
we need to be contacted for more information
www.thinktankent.com
resilience is the order of the day when life knocks you down
If you have been experiencing some of the following signs and symptoms most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks, you may be suffering from depression:
Persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood
Feelings of hopelessness, or pessimism
Irritability
Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness
Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities
Decreased energy or fatigue
Moving or talking more slowly
Feeling restless or having trouble sitting still
Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
Difficulty sleeping, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping
Appetite and/or weight changes
Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts
Aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems without a clear physical cause and/or that do not ease even with treatment
pump up your energy
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‘Freedom from pain should be seen as a right of every cancer patient and access to pain therapy as a measure of respect for the right in Lesotho
There are several barriers to effective pain control in both A focus on essential pain medicationaccessibility and Pain management cancer and / or HIV/AIDS. Such barriers could be patient related; clinician-related; societal/health system; and political and/or legal-related.
The role of the government in strengthening accreditation readySEJOJO PHAAROE
June 9, 2015 marks World Accreditation Day as a global initiative, jointly established by the International Accreditation Forum (IAF) and the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC), to raise awareness of the importance of accreditation.
This year’s theme focuses on how accreditation can support the delivery of health and social care.
the day was celebrated across the world with the hosting of major national events, seminars, and press and media coverage, to communicate the value of accreditation to Government, Regulators and the leaders of the business community.
What international support for quality improvement is available to Lesotho national health care initiatives?
• To what extent do national governments around the world specify quality improvement in legislation and published policy?
• What are the distinguishing structures and activities of national approaches to quality improvement within countries?
• What resources (in the form of organizations, funding, training and information) are available nationally?
What maintenance or implementation pathways are available , to prove to the world that Lesotho health care services are of excellence???
Vector borne infectious diseases in the face of climate changeSEJOJO PHAAROE
To understand how climate might affect the incidence of vector-borne diseases, one must first examine the life cycles of the diseases and the environmental parameters associated with each stage
A vector-borne disease is one in which the pathogenic microorganism is transmitted from an infected individual to another individual by an arthropod or other agent, sometimes with other animals serving as intermediary hosts.
The transmission depends upon the attributes and requirements of at least three different living organisms:
- the pathologic agent,
-the vector, and the human host.
intermediary hosts such as domesticated and/or wild animals often serve as a reservoir for the pathogen until susceptible human populations are exposed
We recommend proactive planning
more surveillance of direct impacts, such as changes in the reproduction rate of the vector or the agent, the biting frequency of the vector, and the amount of time the host is exposed to the vector due to changes in temperature, rainfall, humidity, or storm patterns.
Even less information is available to evaluate the impacts of societal and individual activities on the transmission of vector-borne diseases.
Changes in hydrology, agriculture, forestry, and infrastructure in response to global warming may also indirectly affect the interrelationship among the disease agent, vectors, and hosts
Ist Think Tank Entreprenuers Forum in Lesotho ( invitation , call for papers ...SEJOJO PHAAROE
In front of the current main disruptive changes the world is facing, entrepreneurship, creating both wealth and social justice, is key for shaping the world.
It embraces the regionality of the entrepreneurial ecosystem
•Business Entrepreneurs
•Social Entrepreneurs
•Philosophers
•Policy Makers
•Experts
•Academics
•Youth empowerment
•Research scientists
•Health professionals
It is altogether a Think Tank and a Do Tank
•We will share the latest trends and issues about global entrepreneurship.
•We will develop ideas and recommendations aimed at promoting and spreading entrepreneurship regionally .
•We will facilitate and implement entrepreneurial initiatives on a local or global scale
•By Creating Innovative and High-Growth Companies, to generate millions of jobs around the planet;
•Developing Entrepreneurship at the Bottom of the Pyramid, to alleviate poverty and create new markets;
•Implementing Entrepreneurial Education, to disseminate entrepreneurial mindset, skills and competencies throughout society, on a lifelong basis
WE ARE CALLING FOR PAPERS, AND USE THE REGISTRATION FORM ATTACHED FOR YOUR TRAVEL , AND LEETES OF RELEASE AND ACCOMODATION
Post exposure prophylaxis- HEALTH SECTOR WELLNESS SERVICES SEJOJO PHAAROE
HIV and HIV transmission
Indicators for PEP
Pre—requisite for PEP
-baseline and follow up tests
Pre-requisite for PEP Provision
PEP package
ARV- Treatment and adherence
Formative study on hiv workplace for health workers - copySEJOJO PHAAROE
Heterogeneity of the HIV epidemic in Lesotho
Formative Assessment: MOHSW
SECTORAL RESPONSE -MOHSW
ACTIONS TAKEN AND TOOLS AVAILABLE - TO DATE
DISSEMINATION- tools
ADVOCACY FOR BUY IN- - PPP
WELLNESS CHAMPIONS AND STRUCTURES
ADVOCACY-WELLNESS ACTIVITIES
M/E Tools
Cost benefit analysis
Learning and sharing
Action Research : Sejojo Phaaroe
3D MEDIA
Intorduction of work place policy lesotho sensitization paperSEJOJO PHAAROE
This document provides background on the development of a workplace HIV/AIDS policy for health sector facilities in Lesotho. It discusses findings from a formative assessment that identified high rates of HIV infection vulnerability among health workers. The policy aims to manage HIV/AIDS among health sector employees through strengthening prevention, treatment, care and support. It outlines key principles like non-discrimination and confidentiality. The roles and responsibilities of employees, management and affiliated associations in implementing HIV/AIDS programs are also defined.
Management and managing aspects of a wellness service in a health systemSEJOJO PHAAROE
This document discusses management and managing aspects of wellness services in health systems. It describes management as planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling to accomplish goals, while managing refers to putting management theories into practice through business and organizational activities. Good management requires understanding people as coaches and mentors. Key components of an effective management system include policies, systems, programs, procedures, and instructions. Specific personnel are needed to perform tasks like sampling, testing, keeping records, and issuing reports. Managers require knowledge of psychology, business, organizations, and coaching to be effective.
The document summarizes the cytopathology report from March 2013. It outlines achievements, challenges, and the way forward for the cytology section. Key achievements included reducing turnaround time with a new staining machine. Challenges involved poor quality smears from some areas, lack of funding for external quality assurance, and lack of equipment like laptops needed for training. The way forward includes improving client satisfaction surveys, training for smear takers, purchasing laptops for training, providing refresher courses for cytology staff, and evaluating national cancer guidelines. The report calls for strengthening management systems and defining career paths for cytologists.
This document discusses cervical cancer prevention strategies in Lesotho. It provides an overview of international conventions on cervical cancer and Lesotho's response. Key points include high rates of cervical cancer in Lesotho compared to other Southern African countries. Prevention strategies discussed include HPV vaccination, screening programs like VIA and Pap smears, and education initiatives targeting policymakers, health workers, and communities. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is identified as the cause of most cervical cancer cases worldwide.
Salivary Gland Cytology case of adenoid cyst carcinoma SEJOJO PHAAROE
This document discusses a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the parotid gland based on cytology findings. It describes the smear as showing cellular pleomorphism, anisonucleosis, nuclear notches, pulled out tadpole shapes and chromatin granulation. Syncytial groups and rosettes were also seen. The diagnosis was adenoid cystic carcinoma. The discussion section provides overview information on salivary gland tumors, including classification of malignant and benign tumors, epidemiology, risk factors, presentation and signs of salivary gland masses.
This document describes a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the parotid gland of a 52-year-old male based on cytology findings. Cytology of the fine needle aspirate showed cellular pleomorphism, anisonucleosis, nuclear notches, pulled out tadpole cells and coarse chromatin with mitotic figures. The final diagnosis was malignant adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Innovative Medicines Initiative, Call for Proposal 2013 for Health , Pharmacueticals, Nursing , and Laboratory Medicines in Lesotho- EU Horizon 2020 and FP7 Funding
General intro-presentation-of-2013-call-orientations en sejojo disseminateSEJOJO PHAAROE
The document outlines the European Commission's 2013 work programme for collaborative health research, including two calls focusing on innovation to translate research into new therapies, diagnostics, and medical technologies. Key areas of focus include brain diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and comparative effectiveness research. The programme has a budget of over €800 million and encourages cross-border collaboration between researchers, industries, and small- and medium-sized enterprises.
The document discusses promoting EU funding for biomedical research through the HEALTH-NCP-NET project. It provides background on the project and role of National Contact Points (NCPs) in supporting researchers. It then describes guidelines and best practices discussed at a Romania workshop for NCPs, including on intellectual property rights. The workshop aimed to help NCPs provide more equal and effective support to researchers in applying for EU funding.
Professionalism in medical_science_-technology_sejojo_mamohato[1]
1. Organisation for the
PROFESSIONALISM IN LABORATORY
MEDICINE / MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
Sejojo Phaaroe M.T; C.T(I.A.C) ; M.I.B.M.S
thinktankentr@gmail.co.za
+266 63102600
-Medical Laboratory Regulatory Council Focal person
-Pr. Biomedical Scientist GT# 1337
-Cytologist of the International Academy of Cytology # 6467
Health Research & Laboratory Services
2. Outline
• What is a profession ?
• What is a Medical Laboratory
• Public expectations
• Why Regulate Biomedical Scientists
• Obligations of a Medical Technologist/ Professionalism
in Medical Technology
• Overview of Ethics in Medical Technology
• Qualities of a good Professional Medical
Technologist/Scientist
• Dos and don’t in Medical Technology
• Professional Registries / levels
• Areas of Competencies and assessment
• Continuous Professional Development and Benefits
• Conclusion
3. • Queen Elizabeth 11 – Central Laboratories- Irish Regime
• Kamazu Teaching Hospital Laboratories: Lilongoe-
Malawi- DANIDA – 1989
• South African Institute from Medical Research- SAIMR-
Capetwon- Somerset Hospital – Green Point
• Yvonne Parfait cancer Research Laboratories
• University of Cape Town and Grooteschuur Hospital :
under Professor Rose and Learmonth
• City Park Hospital – Pathcare lab
• Marmara University Hospital ,School of Medicine
• Oppenheim Hospital – Pathology Laboratories
• University Hospital Brussels- path-labs
• Victor Babes Medical University: Today, there are 4273
University, 1108 of them are foreigners
• SAIMR- Bloemfontein
• Lancet Laboratories – Namibia
4. What is a Profession anyway?
• it is an occupation based on a specialised body of
knowledge and skills, entry into which is restricted
to those who prove their competence, and which is
conducted in the interest of those it serves and of
the public generally, and is subject to self-imposed
rules of ethical conduct
• “Medical Technology” is not a replacement
Profession
5. What is a medical lab
• “The Medical Laboratory is a place where , under rather
difficult conditions , we create a protected island where
together with our younger collaborators , we use all our
mental power and energy , to be an active part of medical
development and to enjoy the thrill of new discoveries in
modern science to benefit mankind”. Sejojo Phaaroe 2007
Sheraton ZICC– Harare .
• A Med Lab is a FACT -FACTORY
• The rose by any language is still a rose
- Medical Technologist/ Biomedical Scientist/ Medical
Laboratory Scientist / Medical Laboratory Practitioner
- Technicians : Maintenance people
_Job Trained
6. Medical Technologists are Respectable members of
the community and International Development
Research conducted by Medical Scientists has resulted in
advanced treatments for many diseases to date.
7. Public expectations and Client tale
• Out patients
• Insurances
• Drs consulting
• Health programs( TB, HIV ETC )
• Food Handlers • Families
• Travellers • Government departments
• Job SEEKERS • Health Policies
• Marriage couples • Development partners
• New borne • Economic planners
• ANC, • Health planners
• FP, • Donor agencies
• PATIENTS
• Investment/ Bond contractor's
• Private Doctors
• Community • Public Health Outbreaks
• Criminal investigations • Global health
• Legal agencies • International health regulation
8. Obligations to the Profession
• MTs shall uphold their professional status by:
• Taking responsibility for their professional acts. Members are
responsible for practicing within the specialties authorized on
their certificates of registration.
• Recognizing the competence of others and seeking their
assistance as required.
• Maintaining and improving their knowledge and skills.
Members shall participate in continuing education programs .
• Promoting the image and status of the profession.
• Collaborating with other health professionals in the care of
patients and the functioning and improvement of health
services.
• Complying with all current National laws for the protection of
patients, health care providers, the general public and the
environment.
• Sharing knowledge with colleagues, students and other health
care practitioners
9. Biomedical Scientists must have a moral
compass and the spectacles of morality
• We should be guided by ‘personal conscience’ and
must exercise ‘sensitive professional and moral
judgment’.
• The pursuit of money is not the only thing that can
cause the loss of one’s moral compass
• True professionalism, implies ‘a pride in work, a
commitment to quality, a dedication to the interests
of the client, and a sincere desire to help.
• Biomedical Scientists should frequently perform
research, and publish their findings
• Research is variously defined as “scientific
investigation that is performed in order to discover
new information or to develop or improve products
and technology for economic growth ”
10. Professional skills of Medical
scientists-
•
Medical Technologists must understand
personalities, theories of human motivation,
and adult development theories (including
moral, intellectual, emotional, relational and
spiritual development and maturity).
• Biomedical Scientists must have the capacity
to evaluate different models of personal and
leadership styles.
11. High Technology Medical Equipment instrumentation
+ knowledge of Medical Sciences + Management of laboratory
Medicine + Regulatory aspects + Ethics in medical Research +
business + science communications
Victor Babes University
12. Competency
• Competency is determined by number of flights one
has taken
• Its determined by number of CPDs and how involved
in the Scientific community and developments you
are
• The age (or use) of airplanes is better seen by their
cycles -
-A cycle is a takeoff, cruise and landing -
-A 747 flies long sectors - 10-12 hrs average -
sometimes even more -
For these, 1 cycle per day is a good utilisation –
• A competent pilot is seen by number of flight taken in
a lifetime
13. Scientists Should not be involved in
Fabrication of Data
• Fabrication, in the context of scientific inquiry
and academic research, refers to the act of
intentionally falsifying research results, such
as reported in a journal article.
• Fabrication is considered a form of scientific
misconduct, and is regarded as highly
unethical.
• In some jurisdictions, fabrication may be
illegal.
17. Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV
2007
Western & Eastern Europe
Central Europe & Central Asia
North America 760 000 1.6 million
[600 000 – 1.1 million] [1.2 – 2.1 million]
1.3 million East Asia
[480 000 – 1.9 million] 800 000
Middle East & North Africa [620 000 – 960 000]
Caribbean 380 000
230 000 [270 000 – 500 000] South & South-East Asia
[210 000 – 270 000] 4.0 million
Sub-Saharan Africa [3.3 – 5.1 million]
Latin America 22.5 million Oceania
1.6 million [20.9 – 24.3 million]
75 000
[1.4 – 1.9 million]
[53 000 – 120 000]
Total: 33.2 (30.6 – 36.1) million
18. Med Laboratory Scientists should not be one of the
Following puzzle?
Corruption Any
Release of non unlawfull
reliable results
Practice un- Mull-
Take unlawfully
licensed practice Scandal
patient’s money
Ethnic / social
Discriminate Bioterrorism discrimination
Neglegence patients
Fraud
Misconduct Belief /
Religion
19. Consequences of fabrication of results
• Fabrication is generally considered the most serious form of
scientific misconduct that a scientist can engage in, and a
finding that a scientist engaged in fabrication will often mean
the end to his career as a researcher.
• Given the tight-knit nature of many academic communities,
and the high stakes involved, researchers who are found to
have committed fabrication are often effectively (and
permanently) blacklisted from the profession, with reputable
research organizations and universities refusing to hire them;
• Fabricators may also have previously earned academic
credentials and professional registries taken away.
• In 2004, Jan Hendrik Schön was stripped of his doctorate
degree by the University of Konstanz after a committee
formed by Bell Labs found him guilty of fabrication related to
research done during his employment there
20. Case 1
• It is Early January, Food handlers attend the
Public Health screening clinic before they could
receive the School feeding and Catering contract
and are sent to the Laboratory for Widal test,
VDRL and Stool culture .
• The Widal test of One of the handler test Positive
, so she bribes the Laboratory Technologist to
report it falsely as Negative as she desperately
needs to win a school feeding tender.
• An out break of Typhoid erupts in one of the
schools when the school open late January and
vertical investigations continue.
• What would be the ethical case scenario and
consequences of the case. ?
21. Proactive to Prevent
Paparazzi after a Medical Lab Scandal ?
Social media has become a primary form of communication for the
millennial generation. The Professionals should understand the
potential benefits and harms of using social media in medical
Technology
22. Medical Technologists should avoid conducts of
Biological Warfare
What are bioterrorism agents?
• Bioterrorism agents are materials, such as bacteria, viruses,
fungi, or toxins, that are deliberately used to sicken and kill.
• They may be used by terrorists partially because of their
psychological impact on the public and partially because they
can be deadly, are easy to distribute, and are difficult to
detect.
• Bioterrorism agents have been used in acts of warfare for
thousands of years.
• This has included dipping arrows into toxins, poisoning food
and water supplies, and deliberately spreading deadly
infections. Bioterrorism agents could be carried in food
products, dispersed into the air or drinking water, or
introduced into crops and livestock, or even sent through the
mail
23. Category Disease Agent Agent Type
A Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Bacterium
Clostridium
A Botulism Bacterial toxin
botulinum toxin
A Plague, Pneumonic Yersinia pestis Bacterium
A Smallpox Variola major Virus
Francisella
A Tularemia Bacterium
tularensis
Arenaviruses
(Lassa, Machupo)
Bunyaviruses
Viral Hemorrhagic
A (Congo-Crimean, Viruses
Fevers
Rift Valley)
Filoviruses (Ebola,
Marburg)
B Brucellosis Brucella species Bacteria
B Q-Fever Coxiella burnetii Bacterium
B Psittacosis Chlamydia psittaci Bacterium
Rickettsia
B Typhus Bacterium
prowazekii
Salmonella
24. Organisation for the
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
(OPCW)
• It Advocates for Industry outreach: Promoting
Chemical Safety Management
• peaceful applications of chemistry in Medical
Laboratories ,
• the OPCW continues to support small-scale
research projects and regulate them .
• They focus on the development and promotion of
scientific and technical knowledge in the field of
chemistry for industrial, agricultural, research,
medical, pharmaceutical or other peaceful
purposes.
25. Case 1
• Tetryl, (2,4,6-Trinitrophenylmethylnitramine,
C7H5N5O8) is a sensitive explosive compound used
to make detonators and explosive booster charges.
• Tetryl is produced by slowly mixing dimethylaniline
with concentrated nitric acid in the presence of
sulfuric acid and due to its simple synthesis it is
prone for attempted synthesis by terrorists.
• Tetryl is a thermally labile explosives that is known
to be difficult to analyze due to its degradation.
• As a result careful chemical control and regulation
of professionals is paramount
27. PROFESSIONALISM
Its more than a state of mind: it’s a state of productivity and
high performance and trust shown by a specialist practitioner
It explores Seven elements
1; contribution:-. the effort you make and your perfection of it
2: conviction- the motivation you have whatever your
circumstances rich or poor
3: culture_. the sense of how- FIT_ you feel at performing
role, function, exploration or profession
4. Commitment:- the Magnitude/ extend to which you are
engaged with your tasks
5. Confidence:- the believe you have in yourself and the Job
6. Safety and protection :- commitment for Public protection , you
and others co-workers
7. Instil trust and portray How Much you Hundreds, A Million or A Billion ?
worth –
28. Overview of Medical Laboratory
Ethical Principles
• There are four widely recognized principles in
bioethics that apply to both clinical
Laboratories and research ethics:
• 1. respect for persons,
• 2. beneficence,
• 3. justice.
• 4. Biosafety , bioterrorism, and Biosecurity
• (Biosafety: prevention of large-scale loss of biological integrity,
focusing both on ecology and human health
• Biosecurity: prevention of the use of dangerous chemicals,
pathogens and toxins for malevolent use
29. Ethical principles
• Respect for persons entails respecting the decisions of
autonomous persons and protecting persons who lack
decision making capacity and therefore are not
autonomous. ( You won’t Misuse your Power)
• It also imposes an obligation to treat persons with
respect by maintaining confidences and keeping
promises.
• Beneficence imposes a positive obligation to act in the
best interests of patients or research participants.
• the risks of research be minimized and that the risks be
acceptable in light of the potential benefits of research.
• Finally, justice requires that people be treated fairly.
30. Professionalism –is complete calling of
a practice of Medical Laboratory with
Ethical Principles to benefit man kind
• ethics defines what is good for the individual and for
society and
• establishes the nature of duties that people owe
themselves and one another.
• In Nature we are all Humanitarians as humans have a
feel for good.
• The first and second Geneva Conventions provide for
the humane care of sick and wounded combatants on
land and sea without discrimination.
• Immunity is to be granted to hospitals, medical
personnel to include Laboratory Technologists and
army chaplains and also to hospital ships.
• Provision was made for recognition of the Red Cross
emblem
31. • promote, support and further advance the
character, status and interests of medical
science and the members of the Institute;
• Promote Best Practices for Managing
Conflicts of Interest
• promote, advance and develop scientific
knowledge by means of lectures,
demonstrations, discussions and debates in all
branches of medical science;
• communicate with other scientific and
research societies throughout the world.
32. • Professional Medical Technologists should Promote
Education and practice standards
• Bench mark the profession
• Market and promote the profession
• Regional, National cooperation –AMLSCSA, ASLM
Membership, IBMS, IAC.
• Networking , with institutions, Line departments
• Best Practices - Medical Device Procurement
• therapeutics (P&T) committees are an effective tool for Laboratories
to ensure the practice of quality, cost effective and evidence-based
Medical Technology.
• Conflict of interest issues arise when individuals who have a direct
role in decisions related to medical equipment procurement also
have financial relationships with manufacturers, including any receipt
of gifts, grants, contracts or an otherwise compensated relationship
33. Instil trust to the community
• Cultivate your personal core competencies
• Act professionally
• Explore new information and latest technologies
• Publish and establish new novel technologies to
nourish Science
• Avoid Ghost Writing_ where a scientists attach
their name to articles they did not produce
originally
• Tell the people who you are , and they will start
calling you by your name
34. Be A Communicator of Medical Science , and
An Effective Team Member in all walks of life
• Scientific work should be communicated by
Scientists
• Medical Scientists should Communicate
constructively
• Teams need medical scientists/technologists who
speak up and express their thoughts and ideas
clearly, directly, honestly, and with respect for
others and for the work of the team. That’s what it
means to communicate constructively.
• Medical Scientist does not shy away from making
a point but makes it in the best way possible- in a
positive, confident, and respectful manner.
36. Become a volunteer as a Medical
Scientist
• Any number of community
organisations would benefit from our
services.
• Pick a place to volunteer that is of
interest.
• Perhaps it is a church.
• Or a school board.
• Or an arts group.
• Or an animal shelter.
• Or a poverty centre.
37. To avoid these we Regulate the profession by
Licensing/Professional registration
What is Professional Registration?
• Professional registration is an important career
milestone for Medical scientists.
• It shows that you’re a medical technology
professional and have the technical competence
which is valued by medical fraternity ,
scientific community, academia and research
industry.
• Professional registration identifies you as a highly
skilled professional with technical knowledge
and competence
38. 4.2 Develop and manage a Professional MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
INPUTS PROBLEM SOLVING
4.1 Organisation 4.8 Complaints
4.3 Document Control 4.9 Control of Non-conformities
4.4 Review of Requests, Tenders & Contracts 4.11 Corrective Action
4.6 Purchasing Services and Supplies 4.12 Preventive Action
5.1 General
5.3 Accommodation & Environmental
conditions
COMPETENCE
5.4, 5.6, 5.7 4.5 Subcontracting
5.2 Person 5.5 Test/Calibration of tests and
nel Equipment Methods, Measurement calibrations
Traceability; Sampling
5.9 Assuring the quality of test/calibration results
MONITORING & IMPROVEMENT OUTPUTS
4.10 Continual Improvement
4.7 Service to the Customer
4.14 Internal Audits
4.13 Control of Records
4.15 Management Review
5.10 Reporting the Results
39. Personnel
Performing specific Medical Laboratory tasks
Qualified Professional
+
Demonstrated
CBE Training
Education Experience Skills + Passed
Professional
Different Board Exams
MLS Regulatory Board License + Professional Qualifications/ Credentials
40. Specific personnel to perform:
Sampling
Tests / calibrations
Keep records
Include dates Issue test reports/calibrations certificates
Readily available
Give opinions/interpretations
Authorisations
Competence Operate particular equipment
Training
Skills
Experience
Educational & professional qualifications
Checklist of Minimum Standards : Areas of personnel assessment for competency
41. Professional Medical Technologist
• Medical Laboratory Scientists
• - Degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences
• -National Diploma in Medical Laboratory Sciences + 3 years
Specialist professional training /Registry/ in a recognised
institution
• - Board Examination
• -Board Certified in the Category
• General subject covered : chemistry , physics, anatomy and
physiology, Instrumentation, cell biology, biochemistry, genetics,
molecular biology, immunology, Pathophysiology,
communication sciences , Quality Management Essentials ,
Research Methology
• specialist subjects Professional Qualifications
Medical Microbiology, Histopathology, Clinical Biochemistry,
Clinical Immunology, Clinical Haematology, Blood Transfusion
Sciences, Molecular Pathology , Cytopathology and cytogenetics.
42. PROFESSIONAL LEVELS & ROUTES
FELLOWSHIP-FIMLS/FIBMS Ph.D. /DSc/DLM.
/FIAC/FAIMS/CFIAC/FAMLS PROFESSIONAL
DOCTORATES LEVEL 4
Advanced Specialist Registry M Med Sc./ M.Phil./MSc Med .
Diplomas . M.A.M.L.S ;M.I.B.M.S
Specialist
B Med Sci.
Registry
(Hon.)
Diplomas
/GIBiol MEDICAL MEDICAL MEDICAL LEVEL 3
SCIENTISTS SCIENTISTS SCIENTISTS
B Med Sci.
Certificate
Diploma
/Licentiate of MEDICAL MEDICAL Dip. MLS
MLS Practice LEVEL 2 TECHNOLOGIST TECHNOLOGIST LEVEL 2
MEDICAL Cert MLS
Assistants LEVEL 1 LEVEL 1
TECHNICIANS
43. The CPD programme shall present
opportunity for the professional to;
• continuously update their scientific theory and
professional practice
• acquire new skills and knowledge
• demonstrate continuous competence
• develop individually in personal and professional
terms
• take necessary steps to adapt to new job roles
• contribute to the knowledge base of the
profession
44. Documentation of continuing education is
mandatory to retain the Professional License ( FIBMS,
MIBMS, CT(IAC) ,FIMLS, CLS(ASCP), CFIAC, MRCPath )
• note that credits can only be given for educational
activities that have taken place within each year prior to
renewal : Continuing Education Categories:
• Category 1: Employment in cytology
Maximum number of credits 100
• Category 2: Educational activities
Maximum number of credits 180
• Category 3: Cytotechnology teaching
Maximum number of credits 60
• Category 4: Papers and publications
Maximum number of credits 80
• Category 5: Research in cytology
Maximum number of credits 40
45. What are the benefits of Professional
registration?
• Indicating that your competence and commitment to
professionalism have been assessed by other natural and
Medical science professionals.
• Recognition that you have received education and training
that meets standards for knowledge and experience and
breasted with latest information and TECHNOLOGY .
• Acknowledgement of professional standing by peers and
colleagues.
• Identifying you as having competences that employers
value.
• Higher earnings, How Much you worth , better
employment prospects and career mobility.
• Access to a network of qualified professionals in your area
of expertise, so you keep abreast of the latest
developments.
46. Other professional qualifications
• Membership of The Royal College of Pathologists- MRCPath
• Fellow of Faculty of Pathology- FFPath ( Pathology Faculty)
• Chartered Textile Technologist: CText, ATI (Textile Institute)
• Chartered Town Planner: MRTPI (Royal Town Planning Institute)
• Chartered Valuation Surveyor: MRICS & FRICS (Royal Institution of Chartered
Surveyors)
• Chartered Waste Manager: MCIWM (Chartered Institute of Wastes Management)
• Choir Master: (CHM) (Royal College of Organists)
• Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers: FIMechE (Institution of
Mechanical Engineers)
• Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers: FICE (Institution of Civil Engineers)
• Fellow of the British Computer Society: FBCS(British Computer Society)
• Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators: FCIArb (Chartered Institute of
Arbitrators)
• Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Bankers: FCIB (Chartered Institute of Bankers)
• Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Housing: FCIH (Chartered Institute of Housing)
• Fellow of the Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors: FCInstICES
(Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors)
• Fellow of the Geological Society of London: FGS (Geological Society)
47. Legislation within the workplace
LAW RIGHT
Employment Equity a) Right not to be unfairly
Act (EEA) discriminated against on the
basis of your HIV status
b) Right not to be tested for HIV
unless your employer ahs applied
to the Labour Court for
authorisation
c) Do not have to disclose HIV
status
Occupational Right to a safe working environment
Health and Safety
Act
48. PAY YOUR PROFESSIONAL DUES FOR -
INDEMNITY INSURANCE
• Professional liability insurance , called
professional indemnity insurance
• more commonly known as errors & omissions
(E&O) is a form of liability insurance
• helps , protect, professional advice- and service-
providing individuals and companies from
bearing the full cost of defending against a
negligence claim made by a client, and damages
awarded in such a civil lawsuit.
• The coverage focuses on alleged failure to
perform on the part of, financial loss caused by,
and error or omission in the service by the
policyholder
49. From research to business
• Medical Scientist should strengthen their
Entrepreneurial mind-set. And under take
valorisation process for ther novel inventions
• Knowledge technology Transfer
Business Economic
RESEARCH Aspects -
IPR Planning
LICENSES
Fundamentals of licensing, owner
of patents, agreement to exploit it
with Royalty minima,
Exclusive,
Upfront
Geography
50. Knowledge of Business and Bio Ethics
• Medical Technologists should Apply for patent
for their Inventions /research results
Public domain velorization process from beginning
18 months Sixty months
A patent
expires after
20 years/ 25
years in other
Countries
52. G3 G2 G1 (genomic)
-Mammostrat test
-Testostrat test
RED MIX BLUE/GREEN
53.
54. In summary
Brand yourself as a Professional
• You are your own product or service and so
you need to ensure that your product/service
remains consistent and true to who you are.
• Brand positioning differentiates you from
others.
• Visibility is not enough. You need to be seen in
a positive light.
• If you always stick to deadlines and achieve
outcomes, you will develop a reputation for
this.
55. A consecrate of a Medical Laboratory
Technologist/Medical Scientist
• Medical scientists/Technologists solemnly pledge
to consecrate their life to the service of humanity
by generating Quality information and services
to the best of my ability
• They preserve the Safety, dignity and privacy of
patients’ and others
• They Pledge to lead their life and practice the
profession in uprightness and honor
• Pledge to exercise profession solely for the
benefit of humanity and perform no act for a
criminal purpose
56. Cont
• Have to be loyal to the profession of medical
laboratory science
• Should maintain and promote standards of
excellence in performing and advancing the art
and science of medical laboratory technology
• Should seek to establish cooperative and
respectful working relationships with other
health professionals
• They should make these promises solemnly,
freely, and upon their honor.
57. Respect Human subject rights
• Voluntary, informed consent
• Respect for persons: treated as autonomous
agents
• The right to end participation in research at
any time[3]
• Right to safeguard integrity[3]
• Benefits should outweigh cost
• Protection from physical, mental and
emotional harm
• Access to information regarding research[3]
• Protection of privacy and well-being [4]
58. Respect the Helsinki Declaration
• The Declaration of Helsinki was established in
1964 as a means of governing international
research.
• Established by the World Medical Association,
the declaration recommended guidelines for
medical Scientists conducting biomedical
research that involves human subjects.
• Some of these guidelines included the principles
that “research protocols should be reviewed by
an independent committee prior to initiation"
and that “research with humans should be based
on results from laboratory animals and
experimentation”.
59. Non selfish Professional
• So much of our culture is inward focused. People
are conditioned to think, “What’s in it for me?”
• the most rewarding way to live as a professional
medical technologist is not with the attitude,
Questions like how can I benefit,
• that’s living with a shallow, temporary mentality.
• “Instead of looking out only for your good, turn it
around and say, “How can I be a blessing to
others?
• Who can I inspire to rise higher? What seeds of
greatness can I call forth out of someone?”
• Supervise as many students as you practice the
profession
60. Good character
• Good character is prized among Biomedical
Scientists.
• We value honesty and integrity and want them
to be our reputation.
• We expect to be trusted, and to be able to trust
our peers.
• We want our word to be our bond.
• Admission in to Chartered Scientist category
includes an assessment of character, which has
been defined as a synthesis of the virtues –
honesty, dependability, courage, loyalty –
working together as an integrated whole.
61. Excellence
• Excellence is, for most of us, a lifelong goal.
• The ranks of Medical Scientists are filled with
overachievers and perfectionists.
• ‘Good enough’ is not heard from a good
Medical Technologist .
• Professional Code:
Be clean , personal hygiene and neat.
Talk and walk Professionally
62. Personal development
• At the level of the individual, personal development includes the
following activities:
• improving self-awareness as a Medical Scientist
• improving self-knowledge
• building or renewing identity as a Medical Scientist
• developing strengths or talents
• improving wealth
• spiritual development of Medical Science
• identifying or improving potential
• building employability or human capital
• enhancing lifestyle or the quality of life
• improving health
• fulfilling aspirations in Scientific discoveries
• initiating a life enterprise or personal autonomy
• defining and executing personal development plans
• improving social abilities
63. A Professional Obtains CPD point
regularly
• ....DesktopHEALTH NCP DOCUMENTS -
LESOTHOcertificate_of_attendance[1].pdf
64. • Professional Medical Technologists/ scientists are
skilled at assuming multiple roles, stepping up to
do whatever it takes to get the job done on time,
on budget-without breaking the rules.
• They are autonomous and self-sufficient.
• They keep management in the know.
• They do not require a supervisor to constantly
hover over them or play the role of referee,
parent or firefighter”.
• They are self-managed.
65. Management and Managing aspects
• Most Managers, although quite capable of
“talking the talk”, are often failing to “walk
the talk”.
• Laboratory Managers in Laboratory Medicine
should always walk the talk
67. Converting Research and Science into
Business Acumen
• Good Medical Technologists/Scientists are familiar
with basic business concepts and practices, basic
financial concepts, and business functions and their
interdependencies.
• Medical laboratory Professionals are be able to link
strategic planning with team and individual goal
setting, goal-directed feedback and follow-up.
• Medical Scientists understand the business context,
including legal,
-Human resource,
- IT,
-sales,
-marketing , and rules and regulations regarding claims
-and other functional areas of Laboratory Medicine .
68. Coaching Knowledge
• A good Medical Scientists understands:
systems perspective, results orientation,
business focus, partnership mindset,
competence, integrity and judgement.
• We should be able to accurately measure
coaching outcomes and processes.
• We should differentiate between the various
roles – trainer, mentor, advisor, coach,
counsellor, consultant, therapist and
professional – that a manager must play
• Medical Scientists should be multi-tasked and
pluro-potential
69. Be International
in Professional practice
INTERNATIONAL PROFICIENCY TESTING SCHEMES
Nov 2012
70. • Thank you for listening
• thinktankentr@yahoo.com
• +266 63102600