Compliance to the regulations stipulated in Occupational Safety & Health Act 1994, better known as OSHA 1994 is mandatory. Companies and organisations are required to provide evidences of full compliances to the authorities when they are requested to do so. HSE personnel, SHOs and Safety & Health Committee members must be well-aware and conversant with every aspect of OSHA 1994 and be able to implement them at their respected workplaces. Inadequate understanding or failure to comply to OSHA 1994 regulations could mean severe reprimands/penalties from the authorities and may endanger the workers at their respective organisations.

1. Step-by-step process towards effective
COMPLIANCE to OSHA 1994
Regulations. (A 2-day course)
Presented by:
Associate Professor Abdul Shukor bin Abdullah

2. 2
Objectives
At the end of this course, participants will be able to:
(1) Advance the knowledge and confidence for implementing
OSHA 1994 at workplace;
(2) Enhance the responsibilities and contributions of HSE
personnel and SHOs at workplaces;
(3) Evaluate further the responsibilities of workers to comply
to OSHA 1994 regulations
(4) Increase the understanding of the power bestowed by
the authority.

3. Section 4 of OSHA 1994
3

4. Section 15 (1)
4

5. Common Causes of Work-related Accidents.
5
Source: http://www.hsa.ie/eng/Topics/Slips_Trips_Falls/

6. Section 15 (2)
6

7. Section 15 (3)
7

8. Section 16
8

9. Section 17
9

10. Section 18
10

11. Fatal Accident Cases – DOSH Reports
11

12. Fatal Accident Cases
12

13. Example: Minimising Health Risk
(Section 15 of OSHA 1994).
13

14. Psychosocial Hazards
14
• Workplace Violent
• Sexual Harassment
• Workplace Bullying

15. - Prolonged Sitting (2-3 hours)
- Contact Stress (Hard surfaces)
- Unsupported Arms, Shoulders

16. Causes of Physiological Pains.
16
1. Extended Arm Reach
2. Arm is places on hard table surface
3. Compact workstation
4. Eyes and LCD Monitor not in horizontal plane
5. Office is TOO Bright
6. Wrong Chairs

17. Section 19
17

18. Section 24 (1) and (2)
18

19. Section 25
19

20. Sections 27 (1) and 27 (2)
20

21. Section 27 (3)
21

22. Section 29
22

23. Section 30
23

24. Section 31
24

25. Section 48 (1) and 48 (2)
25

26. Main Source of Lower Back Pain (LBP)

27. Types of Work Place Hazards
 Physical Hazards
 Mechanical Hazards
 Biological Hazards
 Chemical Hazards
 Ergonomics Hazards
 Psychosocial Hazards

28. Section 48 (3), (4), (5) and (6)
28

29. Section 49 (1) and 49 (2)
29

30. Information for complying to OSHA 1994
Regulations.
30
Medical Data
Worker’s Body
Discomfort Survey
Data Analysis
Ergonomics Risk
Tool – Job Hazard
Analysis (JHA)

31. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)
31
Source: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=872765&show=html
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or
disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, an
disorders of the nerves, tendons, muscles and supporting
structures of the upper and lower limbs, neck, and lower back that
are caused, precipitated or exacerbated by sudden exertion or
prolonged exposure to physical factors such as repetition, force,
vibration, or awkward posture.

32. Musculoskeletal System
32
Muscles,
Tendons,
Ligaments,
Cartillages,
Bones

33. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD)
33

34. Potential sources of injuries.
34

35. Major Body Pains – Back Pain
35
 Prolonged Sitting
 Awkward Postures
 Workstation Lay-outs
 Heavy Lifting

36. Causes Of Body Pains & Injuries
36
Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2335999/Three-office-workers-blame-desks-sickness-Badly-set-desks-chairs-cost-companies-
7bn-year.html

37. Low Back Pain (LBP)
37

38. 38
Major Factors Affecting Office Safety &
Health.
Changing workplace and workforce.
Lets analyse the SYMPTOMS and STRESSORS.
1.BODY DISCOMFORT SURVEY.
2.WORK ENVIRONMENT SURVEY
SYMPTOMS vs. STRESSORS

39. Group Discussion and Analysis Activity.
This is to informed that your group has been selected by the Top
Management
Of ABC Sdn. Bhd. to deliver a 30 minutes high-impact presentation about
“MANAGING WORKERS’ SAFETY, HEALTH AND
EFFECTIVE CONTROLS
AT ABC SDN. BHD.”
Your high impact presentation should cover:
-The brief description of common workplace hazards at ABC Sdn. Bhd.
-Current statistics related to HSE hazards at ABC Sdn. Bhd.
-What are the CAUSES or SOURCES of hazards at ABC S/B – Stressors
-Which OSHA 1994 Regulations are related to these issues?
-On what grounds that our company has VIOLATED the OSHA 1994 rules?
-How to promote effective awareness about SAFETY & HEALTH to the
employees.

40. How to comply to OSHA 1994’s regulations?

41. Statistics on Body Pains among the workers at ABC Sdn. Bhd.

42. http://ergonomicstoday.blogspot.com/2012/03/lifting-guidelines.html
Source:

43. Work By Sitting or Standing

44. Improved Body Postures when doing job in
sitting positions
44

45. Shoulder Pain – Rotator Cuff Tendonitis
45

46. Work By Sitting

47. Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS)
47
Many of the symptoms of CVS (see Table 1) can be broadly classified as
"asthenopia." Most of these symptoms are also associated with other forms of
near work. Neck and/or backaches are listed as a symptom of CVS since the eyes
lead the body. Computer workers will often assume awkward postures in order to
position their eyes so that they can perform their work - resulting in these
musculoskeletal symptoms.
This can be the result of a poorly designed work station, assuming awkward
postures due to using spectacles which are improperly designed for the task or due
to making accommodations for a particular eye/vision disorder.
Eyestrain (Non-Specific
Ocular Discomfort)
Blurred Distant Vision
Fatigue Dry or Irritated Eyes
Headache Neck and/or Backaches
Blurred Near Vision Diplopia (Double Vision)

48. Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS)
48Source: http://www.computer-vision-syndrome.org/statistics/

49. Root Causes – The HIDDEN Hazards & Risks
 Potential root causes of
injuries include:
 Lack of knowledge
 Lack of physical ability
 Prior training that
included unsafe practices
 Previously unidentified
hazard
 Newly introduced hazard
resulting from process or
equipment change.

50. HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS

51. Example: Action Plan
51

52. Review & Conclusion
52
1. OSHA 1994 Regulations.
2. Objectives and Purpose of OSHA 1994
3. Sections 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19
4. Sections 24 to 27
5. Issues of safety, health and welfare
6. Challenges and trends for managing hazards
7. Counter measures and effective controls
8. Action Plans

53. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
ABDUL SHUKOR BIN ABDULLAH
Linkedin: ABDUL SHUKOR
OSH Blog: profshukor.blogspot.com