Discuss the compliance of OSHA 1994

1. Step-by-step process towards effective
COMPLIANCE to OSHA 1994 Regulations.
(A 2-day course)
Presented by:
Associate Professor Abdul Shukor bin Abdullah

2. 2
Objectives
At the end of this course, participants will be able to:
(1) Advance the knowledge and confidence for implementing
OSHA 1994 at workplace;
(2) Enhance the responsibilities and contributions of HSE
personnel and SHOs at workplaces;
(3) Evaluate further the responsibilities of workers to comply to
OSHA 1994 regulations
(4) Increase the understanding of the power bestowed by the
authority.

3. Section 4 of OSHA 1994
3

4. Section 15 (1)
4

5. Common Causes of Work-related Accidents.
5
Source: http://www.hsa.ie/eng/Topics/Slips_Trips_Falls/

6. Section 15 (2)
6

7. Section 15 (3)
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8. Section 16
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9. Section 17
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10. Section 18
10

11. Fatal Accident Cases – DOSH Reports
11

12. Fatal Accident Cases
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13. Example: Minimising Health Risk
(Section 15 of OSHA 1994).
13

14. Psychosocial Hazards
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• Workplace Violent
• Sexual Harassment
• Workplace Bullying

15. - Prolonged Sitting (2-3 hours)
- Contact Stress (Hard surfaces)
- Unsupported Arms, Shoulders

16. Causes of Physiological Pains.
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1. Extended Arm Reach
2. Arm is places on hard table surface
3. Compact workstation
4. Eyes and LCD Monitor not in horizontal plane
5. Office is TOO Bright
6. Wrong Chairs

17. Section 19
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18. Section 24 (1) and (2)
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19. Section 25
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20. Sections 27 (1) and 27 (2)
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21. Section 27 (3)
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22. Section 29
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23. Section 30
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24. Section 31
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25. Section 48 (1) and 48 (2)
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26. Main Source of Lower Back Pain (LBP)

27. Types of Work Place Hazards
 Physical Hazards
 Mechanical Hazards
 Biological Hazards
 Chemical Hazards
 Ergonomics Hazards
 Psychosocial Hazards

28. Section 48 (3), (4), (5) and (6)
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29. Section 49 (1) and 49 (2)
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30. Information for complying to OSHA 1994
Regulations.
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Medical Data
Worker’s Body
Discomfort Survey
Data Analysis
Ergonomics Risk
Tool – Job Hazard
Analysis (JHA)

31. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)
31
Source: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=872765&show=html
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or disorders
of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, an disorders of the
nerves, tendons, muscles and supporting structures of the upper and
lower limbs, neck, and lower back that are caused, precipitated or
exacerbated by sudden exertion or prolonged exposure to physical
factors such as repetition, force, vibration, or awkward posture.

32. Musculoskeletal System
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Muscles,
Tendons,
Ligaments,
Cartillages,
Bones

33. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD)
33

34. Potential sources of injuries.
34

35. Major Body Pains – Back Pain
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 Prolonged Sitting
 Awkward Postures
 Workstation Lay-outs
 Heavy Lifting

36. Causes Of Body Pains & Injuries
36
Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2335999/Three-office-workers-blame-desks-sickness-Badly-set-desks-chairs-cost-
companies-7bn-year.html

37. Low Back Pain (LBP)
37

38. 38
Major Factors Affecting Office Safety &
Health.
Changing workplace and workforce.
Lets analyse the SYMPTOMS and STRESSORS.
1. BODY DISCOMFORT SURVEY.
2. WORK ENVIRONMENT SURVEY
SYMPTOMS vs. STRESSORS

39. Group Discussion and Analysis Activity.
This is to informed that your group has been selected by the Top Management
Of ABC Sdn. Bhd. to deliver a 30 minutes high-impact presentation about
“MANAGING WORKERS’ SAFETY, HEALTH AND
EFFECTIVE CONTROLS
AT ABC SDN. BHD.”
Your high impact presentation should cover:
- The brief description of common workplace hazards at ABC Sdn. Bhd.
- Current statistics related to HSE hazards at ABC Sdn. Bhd.
- What are the CAUSES or SOURCES of hazards at ABC S/B – Stressors
- Which OSHA 1994 Regulations are related to these issues?
- On what grounds that our company has VIOLATED the OSHA 1994 rules?
- How to promote effective awareness about SAFETY & HEALTH to the
employees.

40. How to comply to OSHA 1994’s regulations?

41. Statistics on Body Pains among the workers at ABC Sdn. Bhd.

42. http://ergonomicstoday.blogspot.com/2012/03/lifting-guidelines.html
Source:

43. Work By Sitting or Standing

44. Improved Body Postures when doing job in sitting
positions
44

45. Shoulder Pain – Rotator Cuff Tendonitis
45

46. Work By Sitting

47. Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS)
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Many of the symptoms of CVS (see Table 1) can be broadly classified as
"asthenopia." Most of these symptoms are also associated with other forms of
near work. Neck and/or backaches are listed as a symptom of CVS since the eyes
lead the body. Computer workers will often assume awkward postures in order to
position their eyes so that they can perform their work - resulting in these
musculoskeletal symptoms.
This can be the result of a poorly designed work station, assuming awkward postures
due to using spectacles which are improperly designed for the task or due to making
accommodations for a particular eye/vision disorder.
Eyestrain (Non-Specific
Ocular Discomfort)
Blurred Distant Vision
Fatigue Dry or Irritated Eyes
Headache Neck and/or Backaches
Blurred Near Vision Diplopia (Double Vision)

48. Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS)
48
Source: http://www.computer-vision-syndrome.org/statistics/

49. Root Causes – The HIDDEN Hazards & Risks
 Potential root causes of
injuries include:
 Lack of knowledge
 Lack of physical ability
 Prior training that
included unsafe practices
 Previously unidentified
hazard
 Newly introduced hazard
resulting from process or
equipment change.

50. HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS

51. Example: Action Plan
51

52. Review & Conclusion
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1. OSHA 1994 Regulations.
2. Objectives and Purpose of OSHA 1994
3. Sections 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19
4. Sections 24 to 27
5. Issues of safety, health and welfare
6. Challenges and trends for managing hazards
7. Counter measures and effective controls
8. Action Plans

53. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
ABDUL SHUKOR BIN ABDULLAH
HP/Wassap: 0122731434
Email: prof.shukor@gmail.com
Linkedin: ABDUL SHUKOR
OSH Blog: profshukor.blogspot.com