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Basic Safety Officer's Course

The document outlines the objectives, content, and responsibilities of a safety officer training course. The key objectives are to improve safety performance, provide safety officers with required qualifications, and remove any who do not meet standards. The content covers topics like roles and duties, hazards, risk assessment, and incident investigation. Responsibilities of safety officers include identifying unsafe acts/conditions, ensuring a safe work environment, assisting with incident reporting, and advising on safety practices and compliance. The course aims to equip attendees with the skills needed to fulfill their duties as safety officers.

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Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives • To improve HSE Performance on SiteTo improve HSE Performance on Site • To improve the level of knowledge of SafetyTo improve the level of knowledge of Safety OfficersOfficers • To provide them with a qualification byTo provide them with a qualification by examination – 1 week after courseexamination – 1 week after course • Remove those that do not meet the standardRemove those that do not meet the standard requiredrequired
Course ContentCourse Content Subject Course Introduction The Role and Duties of a Safety Officer Unsafe Acts & Unsafe Conditions Hazards & Risk Assessment Incident Investigation Construction Safety Rules Course close-out
Safety Policy – Your ResponsibilitySafety Policy – Your Responsibility • To coordinate, promote and monitor the implementationTo coordinate, promote and monitor the implementation of the requirements of the Company’s Health, Safety andof the requirements of the Company’s Health, Safety and Environmental Management System (HSEMS),Environmental Management System (HSEMS), •To liaise with and support Area Managers/Supervisors/To liaise with and support Area Managers/Supervisors/ Superintendents in the identification of hazards andSuperintendents in the identification of hazards and reducing the risk to as low as reasonably practicalreducing the risk to as low as reasonably practical (ALARP),(ALARP), •To strive to meet the Managements vision of:To strive to meet the Managements vision of: No harm to peopleNo harm to people No Damage to equipmentNo Damage to equipment No spills to the environmentNo spills to the environment No delays in progressNo delays in progress
Safety Policy – Your ResponsibilitySafety Policy – Your Responsibility •To identify Unsafe Acts and Unsafe conditions and implementTo identify Unsafe Acts and Unsafe conditions and implement •corrective/ remedial actions to maintain a safe place of work,corrective/ remedial actions to maintain a safe place of work, •To assist Management in the correct Incident ReportingTo assist Management in the correct Incident Reporting procedures to ensure corrective actions are identified toprocedures to ensure corrective actions are identified to prevent reoccurrence,prevent reoccurrence, •To monitor compliance to all site rules and regulationsTo monitor compliance to all site rules and regulations..
• LeaderLeader • KnowledgeableKnowledgeable • RespectedRespected • CheerfulCheerful • BraveBrave • HonestHonest • CommunicatorCommunicator • ConfidentConfident • ConscientiousConscientious • Hard WorkingHard Working • HumbleHumble • IntelligentIntelligent • VisibleVisible • ResourcefulResourceful Attributes of a Good Safety OfficerAttributes of a Good Safety Officer “COMMON SENSE APPROACH TO SAFETY”
RESPONSIBILITY FOR HSE Managing Director Site Managers Supervisors/ Superintendents Foremen Workers HSE Manager HSE Team HSE is the responsibility ofHSE is the responsibility of Line ManagementLine Management HSE Department advise ManagementHSE Department advise Management and monitor & control compliance to SMS.and monitor & control compliance to SMS.
• Set a personal example,Set a personal example, • Check Area against Weekly Checklist –Check Area against Weekly Checklist – provision of safe place of work!provision of safe place of work! • Discuss with Area Supervisor/ SuperintendentDiscuss with Area Supervisor/ Superintendent the weekly/ daily work plan and all hazardsthe weekly/ daily work plan and all hazards identified with these tasks,identified with these tasks, • Assist Supervisors/ carry out the Pre-job ToolAssist Supervisors/ carry out the Pre-job Tool Box talks on hazards identified, changes inBox talks on hazards identified, changes in Safety rules or Unsafe acts on site from previousSafety rules or Unsafe acts on site from previous days observations.days observations. Duties of Safety Officers (1)Duties of Safety Officers (1)
» Continuously carry out site inspections to ensureContinuously carry out site inspections to ensure that only safe work practices are in operation,that only safe work practices are in operation, that health and safety requirements are beingthat health and safety requirements are being complied with, and welfare facilities arecomplied with, and welfare facilities are adequate/properly maintained.adequate/properly maintained. » Stop the work of anyone that is not inStop the work of anyone that is not in compliance to safe working practices and discusscompliance to safe working practices and discuss their failings – promote behavior safety.their failings – promote behavior safety. » Identify unsafe conditions and insure thatIdentify unsafe conditions and insure that corrective actions are quickly put into place.corrective actions are quickly put into place. » Ensure that Access/escape is maintained at allEnsure that Access/escape is maintained at all timestimes Duties of Safety Officers (2)Duties of Safety Officers (2)
• Take the lead in dealing with any site emergencyTake the lead in dealing with any site emergency until relieved by a more senior/ experienceduntil relieved by a more senior/ experienced person,person, • Assist the Supervisor in the event of an incidentAssist the Supervisor in the event of an incident occurring on site – Report – Informing –occurring on site – Report – Informing – Investigation – Taking photographs and gatheringInvestigation – Taking photographs and gathering evidence – making safe the incident scene.evidence – making safe the incident scene. • Advising the Area Supervisor on safe workAdvising the Area Supervisor on safe work practices and Company HSEMS requirementspractices and Company HSEMS requirements,, • Liaising with Client’s HSE Management team &Liaising with Client’s HSE Management team & complying to their requirements – Meet and Greet!complying to their requirements – Meet and Greet! Duties of Safety Officers (3)Duties of Safety Officers (3)
Duties of Safety Officers (4)Duties of Safety Officers (4) MeetingsMeetings Gas TesterGas Tester SafetySafety ObservationsObservations AuditsAudits PTWPTW CoordinatorCoordinator ManpowerManpower StatisticsStatistics TrainingTraining HSE ReportsHSE Reports AccidentAccident StatisticsStatistics PPEPPE IncidentIncident InvestigationInvestigation DisciplinaryDisciplinary ActionsActions • Carry out any other duty required:Carry out any other duty required:
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENTHAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT
Why do we need Risk Assessment ? STOP !
Why do we need Risk Assessment ? STOP !
Anything that has the potential to cause harm, ill health and injury, damage to property, products or the environment, production losses or increase liabilities. HAZARDHAZARD
HAZARDHAZARD Crossing a busy roadCrossing a busy road
Crossing a Public RoadCrossing a Public Road
Value of Checklists for the Identification of HazardsValue of Checklists for the Identification of Hazards
ENERGY SOURCE * Electrical * Gas * Radiation * Falling objects * Noise * Steam * Compressed air * Explosives MECHANICAL * Crushing * Shearing * Cutting * Caught in machinery * Impact * Stabbing * Friction * Vibration THE WORKSITE * Trip hazards * Fall from height * Confined space * Other people; above, below, adjacent, behind * Blind corners * Waste material generated * Escape routes blocked PRODUCT ESCAPE *Leak *Spill *Overflow *Wrong mix MATERIAL/CHEMICAL EXPOSURE * Inhalation * Absorption * Swallow * Eye Contact MANUAL HANDLING * Pushing * Pulling * Lifting * Repetitive movement * Over exertion HAZARD CHECKLISTHAZARD CHECKLIST
HazardHazard,Hazard,Hazard Effect & ProbabilityEffect & Probability
Distinguishing betweenDistinguishing between Hazard ,Hazard ,Hazard Effect andHazard Effect and ProbabilityProbability ( use your hazard checklist)( use your hazard checklist)
Hazard / Hazard Effect / ProbabilityHazard / Hazard Effect / Probability Task Hazards Hazards Effect Probability Operating An old Bench Grinder approx 5 times per day for approx 5 mins each time of use Electricity / No Earth Poor Lighting Heat from Chisel Spark Noise Clothing Caught in Fumes Drop tool Electric Shock Trip & lacerate hands/face on wheel Burnt Finger Eye Injury Hearing Damage Severe laceration of hand/arms Lung Damage Chisel hits wheel & stabs Operator Medium Low Low High Medium – Low Medium Low Low
Is a combination of the HazardIs a combination of the Hazard effect and the Probability thateffect and the Probability that will Harm People, damagewill Harm People, damage Property or adversely effect theProperty or adversely effect the Environment will actually occurEnvironment will actually occur RISKRISK
RiskRisk • Hazard effect • No. of persons and extent of loss Combined with • Probability • Chance that the hazard effect will occur
Evaluating ProbabilityEvaluating Probability • How often the Hazard Effect is likely to occur taking into account the frequency with which the task is performed Consider: Who? What? Where? Why? When? How? How Long? How Often? How Much? “Decide upon a Realistic rating High, Medium, Low”
• Risk is a measure of both the consequence / hazard effect of an undesired event and the probability of that event RiskRisk Consequence Probability Increasing Risk
Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment Risk Assessment is a method for systematically examining a job to identify hazards , evaluate the risks and specify appropriate safeguards.
Hazard Effect Probability HIGH >1 in 10 highly likely MEDIUM 1 in 10 - 1 in 1000 sometimes LOW <1 in 1000 exteremely unlikely VERY HIGH - Multiple Fatality (VH) - Major Facility Damage > $ 5,000,000 - Environment Major Spill 1,000 - 10,000 bbls H 15 H 14 H 11 HIGH(H) - Single Fatality - Significant Facility Damage $ 5,000,000 - $ 5,000,000 - Environment Significant Spill > 100 bbls H 13 H 12 H 10 MEDIUM (M) - Permanent Disability / DAWC - Moderate Damage $ 100,000 - $ 500,000 - Environment Reportable 15 - 100 bbls H 9 M 8 M 4 LOW (L) - Single or Multiple Minor Injuries - Minor Facility Damage $ 100,000 - Environment Minor Loss 1 - 15 bbls M 7 M 6 L 2 VERY LOW - Single First Aid (VL) - Minor Facility Damage < $ 10,000 - Environment Slight Loss 1 bbls M5 L 3 L 1 RISK MATRIXRISK MATRIX
Risk Factor Control Action 15 14 13 Immediate action, task must not proceed, serious loss potential. The task should be re-defined or, further control measures put in place to reduce risk, these controls again must be subject to a full assessment and accepted before the taks may commence. 12 11 10 9 Task may only proceed folowing direct authorization from OIM/Site Manager following consultation with any specialist personnel and full assessment steam. Wherever possible the task should be re-defined to take account of the hazards involved or the risk should be reduced further prior to the task commencing 8 7 6 The task may proceed, however only under strict supervision and monitoring. The team must revisit all areas of the assessment to see if risks may be reduced further before the tasks is allowed to proceed. 5 4 Acceptable measures, howerver review to see if risk can be reduced still further.3 2 1 Acceptable levels of risk - no need to consider further measures.
““Golden SafetyGolden Safety RulesRules”” Permit to Work Working at Height Delivery of Basic Work Site Safety RulesDelivery of Basic Work Site Safety Rules Energy Isolation Energy Isolation Permit to Work Permit to Work ExcavationsExcavations Management of change (MOC) Management of change (MOC) Confined Spaces Confined Spaces Lifting Operations Lifting OperationsVehiclesVehicles
MINOR INCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDUREMINOR INCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDURE (Class C)(Class C) INITIAL HAND-WRITTEN REPORT TO HSE MANAGER (to EPC & PMT) Max 24 hours) FINAL /INTERIM WRITTEN INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT ( to EPC & PMT) (Max 7 days) VERBAL REPORT TO EPC HSE SUPERVISOR/MANAGER Investigation carried out by Site Safety Officer & Supervisor INCIDENTINCIDENT
MAJOR INCIDENT REPORTINGMAJOR INCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDURE (Class A & B)PROCEDURE (Class A & B) INCIDENT: Initial Report and initial actions in accordance withInitial Report and initial actions in accordance with Emergency Response ProcedureEmergency Response Procedure (SHARQ/PMT/EPC).(SHARQ/PMT/EPC). Fire may be investigated By ISD Fire Department onFire may be investigated By ISD Fire Department on completion of operations.completion of operations. INITIAL VERBAL REPORT TO SUPERVISOR ASAP HSE PERSONNELON SITE—DECIDE POSSIBLE CLASS A or B. (FATALITY OR LTI POTENTIAL) INCIDENT CALL EPC & PMT HSE MANAGER IMMEDIATELY TO COME TO SITE TO START PRELIMINARY INCIDENT INVESTIGATION,. (Interview personnel, photograph site, barricade incident area, etc. DECIDE ON INCIDENT A or B NO YES GO BACK TO MINOR REPORTING PROCEDURE REPORT TO PMC HSE MANAGER IMMEDIATELY ON DECLARATION OF CLASS A or B & PROJECT MANAGEMENT (EPC &PMT) Hand over control to Project IncidentHand over control to Project Incident Investigation TeamInvestigation Team
CLASS ‘A’ CLASS ‘B’ FATALITY LOST TIME ACCIDENT (LTI) RESTRICTED WORK INJURY (LWI) PROPERT DAMAGE EXCEEDING SR 10 MILLION PROPERTY LOSS SR 0.1 - 10 MILLION HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS/SUBSTANCES & HAZARDOUS WASTE Release/spillage exceeding 10 MT at a rate more than 1 MT/min. Impact of release outside the Affiliates premises resulting in a fatality to personnel outside the Affiliates premises. HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS/SUBSTANCES & HAZARDOUS WASTE Release/spillage of 2-10 MT and rate exceeding 1 MT/min or Impact on outside resulting in MTI to Personnel. Illegal dumping/disposal of hazardous waste outside. NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS SUBSTANCE (INCLUDING POLYMERS,FERTILISER ETC.) & WASTE Impact of release within the Affiliates premises only and Release/spillage exceeding 10MT Illegal dumping/disposal of waste outside. GROUND WATER/SOIL CONTAMINATION Contamination of deeper/potable water aquifer. GROUND WATER/SOIL CONTAMINATION Contamination of soil or above base line of ground water table. LOSS OR THEFT OF REGULATED RADIOACTIVE SOURCE Exposure of a single dose in excess of 7.5 µSv per hour to non-Radiation Classified Worker in un-controlled Radiation area or exposure exceeding 20 µSv per year to Radiation Classified Worker
Company RulesCompany Rules
Company RulesCompany Rules
EXCAVATIONSEXCAVATIONS
Excavation Hazards – Water accumulation – Adjacent structures – Hazardous atmospheres – Loose rock or soil – Falls – Cave-in – Surface encumbrances – Utilities – Access/Egress – Vehicle traffic – Falling loads – Mobile equipment
UtilitiesUtilities • Underground – Locate prior to digging – Certify deactivation – Protect, support, or remove
UtilitiesUtilities • Aboveground – De-energize or – Isolation from power lines
Access/EgressAccess/Egress • Note: Poor housekeeping --- # 1 cause of slips, trips and falls on construction projects – Debris kept cleared from work areas – Mark hazards – Barricade or cover holes • Egress provided- – 25’ travel distance – ladders – ramps – stairs
Vehicle TrafficVehicle Traffic • Traffic Control • Traffic Safety Vests
Exposure to Falling LoadsExposure to Falling Loads • No work under loads • Operators remain in cab
Mobile EquipmentMobile Equipment • Warning system – Barricades – Hand signals – Mechanical signals – Stop logs – Grade away from excavation
Hazardous AtmospheresHazardous Atmospheres • Test 4 if suspected – Methane – Oxygen – CO – H2S
VentilationVentilation • Displace hazardous gases and vapors • Considerations – Heavier than air or lighter than air contaminant – Exhausting or blowing in – Volume/time required to lower concentrations to acceptable levels
Water AccumulationWater Accumulation • Protection from hazards associated with water accumulation – Protection against cave-in – Water removal (pumping) – Run-off protection – Consider temporary shut-off of water lines
Adjacent StructuresAdjacent Structures • Ensure structure stability – Shoring – Bracing – Underpinning – Or evaluation by P.E.
Loose Rock and SoilLoose Rock and Soil • Protection of employees from loose rock or soil – Scaling – Protective barriers – Placing material at least 2’ from edge – No work on slopes above workers
Fall ProtectionFall Protection • Any surface 6 feet or more above a lower level shall be protected by: – walkways with guardrail systems – personal fall arrest systems • Other options include: – warning lines systems – safety monitoring systems
Cave-inCave-in • Protection from cave-in requires a systematic approach including: – Soil classification – Protective systems – Inspection – Employee training
Soil ClassificationSoil Classification • Soil Classification (Type A,B,or C) determines construction of protective system: – Sloping or benching – Shoring • Timber shoring • Aluminum shoring
! Protective SystemsProtective Systems • Required unless: – Excavation in stable rock – Excavation less than 5ft and examination by Competent Person determines no potential for cave-in
Protective SystemsProtective Systems • Options Include: – Sloping and benching – Shoring/sheet piling/ shielding (e.g.trench boxes) – Designed by P.E. if deeper than 20’
Simple SlopingSimple Sloping • Type A - 3/4:1 • Type B - 1:1 • Type C - 1½ :1
BenchingBenching • Type A • Type B – (cohesive soil) • Type C - NONE NA
ShoringShoring • Based on OSHA Appendices • Based on Manufacturer data • Designed by a P.E.
Timber Shoring InstallationsTimber Shoring Installations • Appendix C of OSHA regulations • Requires soil classification • Based on depth and width of trench • Consult tables for specs on – Cross braces – Wales – Uprights
Aluminum Shoring InstallationsAluminum Shoring Installations • Appendix D of OSHA regulations • Requires soil classification • Based on depth and width of trench • Consult tables for specs on – Hydraulic cylinders – Wales – Uprights
Shields (i.e. Trench Boxes)Shields (i.e. Trench Boxes)
Protective SystemsProtective Systems • Installation – Securely connected – Employees clear of area under shields during installation – Installed to prevent movement – Must protect employees while entering excavation
Protective SystemsProtective Systems • Removal – Employees clear of area under shields during removal – Shoring removed from the bottom up, SLOWLY! – Backfill with removal
Excavation InspectionsExcavation Inspections • Daily Inspections of ALL excavations by Competent Person – Start of shift, as needed, following rainstorms or other hazard-increasing event • Possible cave-ins • Protective system failure • Water accumulation • Hazardous atmospheres – Competent person has authority to remove workers from the excavation
Excavation RescueExcavation Rescue
Excavation RescueExcavation Rescue
WORKING AT HEIGHTSWORKING AT HEIGHTS
Working at HeightsWorking at Heights Working at heights of 2 meters (6 Feet) or higher above the ground cannot proceed unless: A fixed platform issued with guard or handrails verified by a competent person(s) or Fall arrest equipment is used that is capable of supporting at least a 2275Kg (5000 lbs) static load per person Fall arrest equipment will limit free fall to 2 meters (6 feet) or less Person(s) are competent to perform the work. A visual inspection of the fall arrest equipment and system is complete and any equipment that is damaged or has been activated is taken out of service
Guardrails to preventGuardrails to prevent falls, including rails onfalls, including rails on purlin trolley systemspurlin trolley systems Fall arrest matsFall arrest mats oror Safety NetsSafety Nets Cable or track-basedCable or track-based systems with attachingsystems with attaching lanyards too short tolanyards too short to reach fall danger areareach fall danger area (work positioning)(work positioning) Cable or track-basedCable or track-based systems (harness andsystems (harness and lanyards)lanyards) Prevention Active Passive Arrest Traffic Light Selection RankingTraffic Light Selection Ranking
REDRED GREENGREEN ORANGEORANGE DARK ORANGEDARK ORANGE Last resort look for alternative safe system of work Attempt to find an alternative safe system of work and proceed with caution Seek advice from risk assessment and proceed with due diligence. Proceed with due care. Traffic Light Selection RankingTraffic Light Selection Ranking
Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) Guardrails Safety Net Fall Protection OptionsFall Protection Options
Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System If a person falls, the full body harness and lanyard is designed to bring a person to a sudden but controlled stop after a fall of 2m It must be connected to the rear dorsal connection of the harness This system is called “fall arrest” where a fall is stopped by the lanyard becoming taut and preventing further fall. A personal energy absorber will minimise the load on the body to prevent injury. Single Lanyard with shock absorber
Shock AbsorberShock Absorber Why have a Shock Absorber? A 100kg person who is jerked to a stop after falling 2 metres generates a force on a lanyard without a shock absorber approximately equivalent to a 2000kg mass(20 x gravity). If there is no shock absorber this will either cause severe injury or cause the lanyard or harness to fail resulting in severe injury. A shock absorber is designed to unzip gradually at the end of the lanyard, so the force of coming to a stop never exceeds 600N (equivalent to 600 kg or 6g), which is regarded as a safe limit
Shock AbsorberShock Absorber A new shock absorberA new shock absorber. It is made of a length of webbing, doubled back on itself and accurately stitched together. It is designed and tested to gradually unzip the stitching and bring a person who falls to a gentle stop. This device reduces the shock to the body by absorbing some of the fall energy
Shock AbsorberShock Absorber A force greater than 200kg is required to unzip the stitching.The load from a falling person is necessary to cause the shock absorber to deploy. When completely unzipped, the shock absorber is 1.75m long. The size of the person and distance of the fall determines how far the absorber deploys.
• A 2m lanyard and tear webbing energy absorber will extend to 3.75 meters at a full activation of the lanyard in the event of a fall. Choosing the correct length lanyardChoosing the correct length lanyard
Twin Tail Lanyard Made with a single shock absorber which attaches to the dorsal D-Ring, with two lanyards connected at the other end. (ie: twin tails) Correct use of Twin Tail LanyardCorrect use of Twin Tail Lanyard
A Twin Tail Lanyard is used to move from one Anchorage to the next, with at least one hook always being connected. This means protection against falls is always in place. This is not possible if only a single lanyard is worn Correct Use of Twin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards
Never back hook the spare lanyard onto yourself IT CAN BE FATAL Correct Use of Twin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards
Correct Use of Twin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards The photo shows…. One hook is attached to an anchor the other is wrapped around the leg The shock absorber is correctly attached to the dorsal D ring. If this person falls, the force can be transferred to the spare lanyard wrapped around the leg, NOT THE SHOCK ABSORBER WRONG CAN BE FATAL
Correct Use of Twin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards WRONG CAN BE FATAL After a fall of 2 m…. The connection between the two lanyards will probably break because the shock absorber does not absorb any of the shock load.
Correct Use of Twin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards WRONG CAN BE FATAL If the lanyard or harness does not fail, then the full force of the sudden stop when the lanyard pulls tight will cause massive injuries. DO NOT BACK HOOK THE SPARE LANYARD ONTO ANY PART OF YOUR BODY
Correct Use of Twin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards Instead of Back hooking the spare lanyard to yourself…. •Connect the spare lanyard DIRECTLY to another anchor point, or • Connect both hooks to the same Anchor but guard against roll out (explained later), or Never hook the spare lanyard onto the other hook. It may damage the latch mechanism or chafe the lanyard webbing.
Correct Use of Twin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards SUMMARY •A twin tail lanyard is used to move from one anchorage to another anchorage •When the spare tail is not being used, DO NOT back hook onto your body, instead attach it to an anchorage point. Take extra care against roll out. •Ensure the shock absorber always cushions the fall through the dorsal D-Ring.
A Twin Tail lanyard is a single shock absorber with two lanyards attached •A Dual lanyard is two single lanyards , each with its own shock absorber Correct use of a Dual LanyardDual Lanyard SafetyDual Lanyard Safety
Correct use of a Dual LanyardCorrect use of a Dual Lanyard Normal single lanyard with single shock absorber Dual lanyard, two single lanyards each with its own shock absorber
Correct use of a Dual LanyardCorrect use of a Dual Lanyard Why Use a DUAL LANYARD??Why Use a DUAL LANYARD?? •To remain attached at all times when moving from one anchorage to another requires two hooks. •Some times the preferred twin tail is not available, and instead 2 single lanyards are used as a substitute. Problems with DUAL Lanyards •If both lanyards are connected the two shock absorbers will not unzip correctly, and the sudden stop will probably cause internal injuries or the lanyard or harness will fail •It is possible for the attached lanyard to become disconnected from the harness D Ring due to “ROLL OUT”
Correct use of a Dual LanyardCorrect use of a Dual Lanyard Problem with two shock Absorbers If you take a fall with both lanyards connected, the two shock absorbers will break the fall but it will be a very sudden arrest and the load will exceed 600kg (6g) - internal injuries will probably be a result. Above shows two lanyards each with its own shock absorber attached to the dorsal d ring
ENERGY ISOLATIONENERGY ISOLATION
Energy Isolation Any isolation of energy systems; mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and others, cannot proceed unless The method of isolation and discharge of stored energy are agreed and executed by a competent person(s) Any stored energy is discharged A system of locks and tags is utilised at isolation points A test is contacted to ensure that isolation is effective Isolation effectiveness is periodically monitored
Energy Isolation What A Typical Lockout/Tagout Looks Like With a Contractor & Personal Protection Lock.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTSGENERAL REQUIREMENTS • Any equipment able to store hazardous energy must have lockout and tagout capability. • Only trained and authorised persons can perform lockout - tagout. • A lockout - tagout device cannot be removed on behalf of another person, unless an approved transfer procedure has taken place. Energy IsolationsEnergy Isolations
LIFTING OPERATIONSLIFTING OPERATIONS
Lifting OperationsLifting Operations Lifts utilising cranes, hoists, or other mechanical lifting devices will not commence unless: An assessment of the lift has been completed and the lift method and equipment has been determined by a competent person(s) Operators of powered lifting devices are trained and certified for the equipment Rigging of the load is carried out by a competent person Lifting devices and equipment has been certified for use within the last 12 months (as a minimum) Load does not exceed dynamic and/or static capacities of the lifting equipment Any safety devices installed on lifting equipment are operational All lifting devices and equipment have been visually examined before each lift by a competent person(s) All critical lifts (Tandom lifts) to be signed off my Responsible person(s)
Heavy lifts that exceed 50 tons, tandem lifts (which includes) tailing operations, those which exceed 80% of the maximum rated safe working load (SWL) for the specific lifting equipment. Close proximity to high voltage or process lines. Abnormal lifts due to configuration could be considered as critical lifts also and should be determined by the Crane Coordinator. Lifting Operations – Critical LiftsLifting Operations – Critical Lifts
CONFINED SPACE ENTRYCONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Confined Space EntryConfined Space Entry Entry into any confined space cannot proceed unless: All other options have been ruled out Permit is issued with authorisation by a responsible person Permit is communicated to all affected personnel and posted, as required All person(s) involved are competent to do the work & wear a full body harness All sources of energy affecting the space have been isolated Testing of atmosphers is conducted, verified and repeated as defined by the risk assessment Stand-by person is stationed Unauthorised entry is prevented Rescue plan is conveyed to Emergency Team
Management of Change (MOC)Management of Change (MOC) Work arising from temporary and permanent changes to organisation, personnel, systems, process, procedures, equipment, products, materials or substances, laws and regulations cannot proceed unless a Management of Change process is completed, where applicable, to include: A risk assessment conducted by all impacted by the change Development of a work plan that clearly specifies the time scale for the • Equipment, facilities and process •Operations, maintenance, inspection procedures •Training, personnel and communication •Documentation Authorisation of the work plan by the responsible person(s) through to completion.
Permit to WorkPermit to Work Before conducting work that involves confined space entry, work on energy systems, ground disturbance in locations where buried hazards may exist or hot work in potentially explosive environments, a permit must obtained that: Defines scope of work Establishes control measures to eliminate or mitigate hazards Identifies hazards and assesses risk Links the work to other associated work permits or simultaneous operations Is authorised by the responsible person(s) Communicates above information to all involved in the work Ensures adequate control over the return normal operations
SITE VEHICLESSITE VEHICLES
Site VehiclesSite Vehicles Before bringing a vehicle on site the Site Manager should ensure that: The site safety rules & Site Speed Limit (10 kph /20kpm is defined The vehicle must be tested as serviceable and fit for purpose Ensures that the driver is certified to drive the vehicle The vehicle must have an up-to-date daily check list Seat belts are worn when working on site (were fitted). Vehicles are not left attended and locked – keys should be left in cab PPE rules for each type of vehicle are well understood No unauthorised drivers or use of vehicle

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Basic Safety Officer's Course

  • 2.
    Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives •To improve HSE Performance on SiteTo improve HSE Performance on Site • To improve the level of knowledge of SafetyTo improve the level of knowledge of Safety OfficersOfficers • To provide them with a qualification byTo provide them with a qualification by examination – 1 week after courseexamination – 1 week after course • Remove those that do not meet the standardRemove those that do not meet the standard requiredrequired
  • 3.
    Course ContentCourse Content Subject CourseIntroduction The Role and Duties of a Safety Officer Unsafe Acts & Unsafe Conditions Hazards & Risk Assessment Incident Investigation Construction Safety Rules Course close-out
  • 4.
    Safety Policy –Your ResponsibilitySafety Policy – Your Responsibility • To coordinate, promote and monitor the implementationTo coordinate, promote and monitor the implementation of the requirements of the Company’s Health, Safety andof the requirements of the Company’s Health, Safety and Environmental Management System (HSEMS),Environmental Management System (HSEMS), •To liaise with and support Area Managers/Supervisors/To liaise with and support Area Managers/Supervisors/ Superintendents in the identification of hazards andSuperintendents in the identification of hazards and reducing the risk to as low as reasonably practicalreducing the risk to as low as reasonably practical (ALARP),(ALARP), •To strive to meet the Managements vision of:To strive to meet the Managements vision of: No harm to peopleNo harm to people No Damage to equipmentNo Damage to equipment No spills to the environmentNo spills to the environment No delays in progressNo delays in progress
  • 5.
    Safety Policy –Your ResponsibilitySafety Policy – Your Responsibility •To identify Unsafe Acts and Unsafe conditions and implementTo identify Unsafe Acts and Unsafe conditions and implement •corrective/ remedial actions to maintain a safe place of work,corrective/ remedial actions to maintain a safe place of work, •To assist Management in the correct Incident ReportingTo assist Management in the correct Incident Reporting procedures to ensure corrective actions are identified toprocedures to ensure corrective actions are identified to prevent reoccurrence,prevent reoccurrence, •To monitor compliance to all site rules and regulationsTo monitor compliance to all site rules and regulations..
  • 6.
    • LeaderLeader • KnowledgeableKnowledgeable •RespectedRespected • CheerfulCheerful • BraveBrave • HonestHonest • CommunicatorCommunicator • ConfidentConfident • ConscientiousConscientious • Hard WorkingHard Working • HumbleHumble • IntelligentIntelligent • VisibleVisible • ResourcefulResourceful Attributes of a Good Safety OfficerAttributes of a Good Safety Officer “COMMON SENSE APPROACH TO SAFETY”
  • 7.
    RESPONSIBILITY FOR HSE ManagingDirector Site Managers Supervisors/ Superintendents Foremen Workers HSE Manager HSE Team HSE is the responsibility ofHSE is the responsibility of Line ManagementLine Management HSE Department advise ManagementHSE Department advise Management and monitor & control compliance to SMS.and monitor & control compliance to SMS.
  • 8.
    • Set apersonal example,Set a personal example, • Check Area against Weekly Checklist –Check Area against Weekly Checklist – provision of safe place of work!provision of safe place of work! • Discuss with Area Supervisor/ SuperintendentDiscuss with Area Supervisor/ Superintendent the weekly/ daily work plan and all hazardsthe weekly/ daily work plan and all hazards identified with these tasks,identified with these tasks, • Assist Supervisors/ carry out the Pre-job ToolAssist Supervisors/ carry out the Pre-job Tool Box talks on hazards identified, changes inBox talks on hazards identified, changes in Safety rules or Unsafe acts on site from previousSafety rules or Unsafe acts on site from previous days observations.days observations. Duties of Safety Officers (1)Duties of Safety Officers (1)
  • 9.
    » Continuously carryout site inspections to ensureContinuously carry out site inspections to ensure that only safe work practices are in operation,that only safe work practices are in operation, that health and safety requirements are beingthat health and safety requirements are being complied with, and welfare facilities arecomplied with, and welfare facilities are adequate/properly maintained.adequate/properly maintained. » Stop the work of anyone that is not inStop the work of anyone that is not in compliance to safe working practices and discusscompliance to safe working practices and discuss their failings – promote behavior safety.their failings – promote behavior safety. » Identify unsafe conditions and insure thatIdentify unsafe conditions and insure that corrective actions are quickly put into place.corrective actions are quickly put into place. » Ensure that Access/escape is maintained at allEnsure that Access/escape is maintained at all timestimes Duties of Safety Officers (2)Duties of Safety Officers (2)
  • 10.
    • Take thelead in dealing with any site emergencyTake the lead in dealing with any site emergency until relieved by a more senior/ experienceduntil relieved by a more senior/ experienced person,person, • Assist the Supervisor in the event of an incidentAssist the Supervisor in the event of an incident occurring on site – Report – Informing –occurring on site – Report – Informing – Investigation – Taking photographs and gatheringInvestigation – Taking photographs and gathering evidence – making safe the incident scene.evidence – making safe the incident scene. • Advising the Area Supervisor on safe workAdvising the Area Supervisor on safe work practices and Company HSEMS requirementspractices and Company HSEMS requirements,, • Liaising with Client’s HSE Management team &Liaising with Client’s HSE Management team & complying to their requirements – Meet and Greet!complying to their requirements – Meet and Greet! Duties of Safety Officers (3)Duties of Safety Officers (3)
  • 11.
    Duties of SafetyOfficers (4)Duties of Safety Officers (4) MeetingsMeetings Gas TesterGas Tester SafetySafety ObservationsObservations AuditsAudits PTWPTW CoordinatorCoordinator ManpowerManpower StatisticsStatistics TrainingTraining HSE ReportsHSE Reports AccidentAccident StatisticsStatistics PPEPPE IncidentIncident InvestigationInvestigation DisciplinaryDisciplinary ActionsActions • Carry out any other duty required:Carry out any other duty required:
  • 12.
    HAZARD IDENTIFICATION &RISK ASSESSMENTHAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT
  • 13.
    Why do weneed Risk Assessment ? STOP !
  • 14.
    Why do weneed Risk Assessment ? STOP !
  • 15.
    Anything that hasthe potential to cause harm, ill health and injury, damage to property, products or the environment, production losses or increase liabilities. HAZARDHAZARD
  • 16.
    HAZARDHAZARD Crossing a busyroadCrossing a busy road
  • 17.
    Crossing a PublicRoadCrossing a Public Road
  • 18.
    Value of Checklistsfor the Identification of HazardsValue of Checklists for the Identification of Hazards
  • 19.
    ENERGY SOURCE * Electrical *Gas * Radiation * Falling objects * Noise * Steam * Compressed air * Explosives MECHANICAL * Crushing * Shearing * Cutting * Caught in machinery * Impact * Stabbing * Friction * Vibration THE WORKSITE * Trip hazards * Fall from height * Confined space * Other people; above, below, adjacent, behind * Blind corners * Waste material generated * Escape routes blocked PRODUCT ESCAPE *Leak *Spill *Overflow *Wrong mix MATERIAL/CHEMICAL EXPOSURE * Inhalation * Absorption * Swallow * Eye Contact MANUAL HANDLING * Pushing * Pulling * Lifting * Repetitive movement * Over exertion HAZARD CHECKLISTHAZARD CHECKLIST
  • 20.
    HazardHazard,Hazard,Hazard Effect &ProbabilityEffect & Probability
  • 21.
    Distinguishing betweenDistinguishing between Hazard,Hazard ,Hazard Effect andHazard Effect and ProbabilityProbability ( use your hazard checklist)( use your hazard checklist)
  • 22.
    Hazard / HazardEffect / ProbabilityHazard / Hazard Effect / Probability Task Hazards Hazards Effect Probability Operating An old Bench Grinder approx 5 times per day for approx 5 mins each time of use Electricity / No Earth Poor Lighting Heat from Chisel Spark Noise Clothing Caught in Fumes Drop tool Electric Shock Trip & lacerate hands/face on wheel Burnt Finger Eye Injury Hearing Damage Severe laceration of hand/arms Lung Damage Chisel hits wheel & stabs Operator Medium Low Low High Medium – Low Medium Low Low
  • 23.
    Is a combinationof the HazardIs a combination of the Hazard effect and the Probability thateffect and the Probability that will Harm People, damagewill Harm People, damage Property or adversely effect theProperty or adversely effect the Environment will actually occurEnvironment will actually occur RISKRISK
  • 24.
    RiskRisk • Hazard effect •No. of persons and extent of loss Combined with • Probability • Chance that the hazard effect will occur
  • 25.
    Evaluating ProbabilityEvaluating Probability •How often the Hazard Effect is likely to occur taking into account the frequency with which the task is performed Consider: Who? What? Where? Why? When? How? How Long? How Often? How Much? “Decide upon a Realistic rating High, Medium, Low”
  • 26.
    • Risk isa measure of both the consequence / hazard effect of an undesired event and the probability of that event RiskRisk Consequence Probability Increasing Risk
  • 27.
    Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment RiskAssessment is a method for systematically examining a job to identify hazards , evaluate the risks and specify appropriate safeguards.
  • 28.
    Hazard Effect Probability HIGH >1 in10 highly likely MEDIUM 1 in 10 - 1 in 1000 sometimes LOW <1 in 1000 exteremely unlikely VERY HIGH - Multiple Fatality (VH) - Major Facility Damage > $ 5,000,000 - Environment Major Spill 1,000 - 10,000 bbls H 15 H 14 H 11 HIGH(H) - Single Fatality - Significant Facility Damage $ 5,000,000 - $ 5,000,000 - Environment Significant Spill > 100 bbls H 13 H 12 H 10 MEDIUM (M) - Permanent Disability / DAWC - Moderate Damage $ 100,000 - $ 500,000 - Environment Reportable 15 - 100 bbls H 9 M 8 M 4 LOW (L) - Single or Multiple Minor Injuries - Minor Facility Damage $ 100,000 - Environment Minor Loss 1 - 15 bbls M 7 M 6 L 2 VERY LOW - Single First Aid (VL) - Minor Facility Damage < $ 10,000 - Environment Slight Loss 1 bbls M5 L 3 L 1 RISK MATRIXRISK MATRIX
  • 29.
    Risk Factor Control Action 15 14 13 Immediateaction, task must not proceed, serious loss potential. The task should be re-defined or, further control measures put in place to reduce risk, these controls again must be subject to a full assessment and accepted before the taks may commence. 12 11 10 9 Task may only proceed folowing direct authorization from OIM/Site Manager following consultation with any specialist personnel and full assessment steam. Wherever possible the task should be re-defined to take account of the hazards involved or the risk should be reduced further prior to the task commencing 8 7 6 The task may proceed, however only under strict supervision and monitoring. The team must revisit all areas of the assessment to see if risks may be reduced further before the tasks is allowed to proceed. 5 4 Acceptable measures, howerver review to see if risk can be reduced still further.3 2 1 Acceptable levels of risk - no need to consider further measures.
  • 30.
    ““Golden SafetyGolden Safety RulesRules”” Permitto Work Working at Height Delivery of Basic Work Site Safety RulesDelivery of Basic Work Site Safety Rules Energy Isolation Energy Isolation Permit to Work Permit to Work ExcavationsExcavations Management of change (MOC) Management of change (MOC) Confined Spaces Confined Spaces Lifting Operations Lifting OperationsVehiclesVehicles
  • 31.
    MINOR INCIDENT REPORTINGPROCEDUREMINOR INCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDURE (Class C)(Class C) INITIAL HAND-WRITTEN REPORT TO HSE MANAGER (to EPC & PMT) Max 24 hours) FINAL /INTERIM WRITTEN INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT ( to EPC & PMT) (Max 7 days) VERBAL REPORT TO EPC HSE SUPERVISOR/MANAGER Investigation carried out by Site Safety Officer & Supervisor INCIDENTINCIDENT
  • 32.
    MAJOR INCIDENT REPORTINGMAJORINCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDURE (Class A & B)PROCEDURE (Class A & B) INCIDENT: Initial Report and initial actions in accordance withInitial Report and initial actions in accordance with Emergency Response ProcedureEmergency Response Procedure (SHARQ/PMT/EPC).(SHARQ/PMT/EPC). Fire may be investigated By ISD Fire Department onFire may be investigated By ISD Fire Department on completion of operations.completion of operations. INITIAL VERBAL REPORT TO SUPERVISOR ASAP HSE PERSONNELON SITE—DECIDE POSSIBLE CLASS A or B. (FATALITY OR LTI POTENTIAL) INCIDENT CALL EPC & PMT HSE MANAGER IMMEDIATELY TO COME TO SITE TO START PRELIMINARY INCIDENT INVESTIGATION,. (Interview personnel, photograph site, barricade incident area, etc. DECIDE ON INCIDENT A or B NO YES GO BACK TO MINOR REPORTING PROCEDURE REPORT TO PMC HSE MANAGER IMMEDIATELY ON DECLARATION OF CLASS A or B & PROJECT MANAGEMENT (EPC &PMT) Hand over control to Project IncidentHand over control to Project Incident Investigation TeamInvestigation Team
  • 33.
    CLASS ‘A’ CLASS‘B’ FATALITY LOST TIME ACCIDENT (LTI) RESTRICTED WORK INJURY (LWI) PROPERT DAMAGE EXCEEDING SR 10 MILLION PROPERTY LOSS SR 0.1 - 10 MILLION HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS/SUBSTANCES & HAZARDOUS WASTE Release/spillage exceeding 10 MT at a rate more than 1 MT/min. Impact of release outside the Affiliates premises resulting in a fatality to personnel outside the Affiliates premises. HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS/SUBSTANCES & HAZARDOUS WASTE Release/spillage of 2-10 MT and rate exceeding 1 MT/min or Impact on outside resulting in MTI to Personnel. Illegal dumping/disposal of hazardous waste outside. NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS SUBSTANCE (INCLUDING POLYMERS,FERTILISER ETC.) & WASTE Impact of release within the Affiliates premises only and Release/spillage exceeding 10MT Illegal dumping/disposal of waste outside. GROUND WATER/SOIL CONTAMINATION Contamination of deeper/potable water aquifer. GROUND WATER/SOIL CONTAMINATION Contamination of soil or above base line of ground water table. LOSS OR THEFT OF REGULATED RADIOACTIVE SOURCE Exposure of a single dose in excess of 7.5 µSv per hour to non-Radiation Classified Worker in un-controlled Radiation area or exposure exceeding 20 µSv per year to Radiation Classified Worker
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
    Excavation Hazards – Water accumulation –Adjacent structures – Hazardous atmospheres – Loose rock or soil – Falls – Cave-in – Surface encumbrances – Utilities – Access/Egress – Vehicle traffic – Falling loads – Mobile equipment
  • 38.
    UtilitiesUtilities • Underground – Locateprior to digging – Certify deactivation – Protect, support, or remove
  • 39.
    UtilitiesUtilities • Aboveground – De-energizeor – Isolation from power lines
  • 40.
    Access/EgressAccess/Egress • Note: Poorhousekeeping --- # 1 cause of slips, trips and falls on construction projects – Debris kept cleared from work areas – Mark hazards – Barricade or cover holes • Egress provided- – 25’ travel distance – ladders – ramps – stairs
  • 41.
    Vehicle TrafficVehicle Traffic •Traffic Control • Traffic Safety Vests
  • 42.
    Exposure to FallingLoadsExposure to Falling Loads • No work under loads • Operators remain in cab
  • 43.
    Mobile EquipmentMobile Equipment •Warning system – Barricades – Hand signals – Mechanical signals – Stop logs – Grade away from excavation
  • 44.
    Hazardous AtmospheresHazardous Atmospheres •Test 4 if suspected – Methane – Oxygen – CO – H2S
  • 45.
    VentilationVentilation • Displace hazardous gasesand vapors • Considerations – Heavier than air or lighter than air contaminant – Exhausting or blowing in – Volume/time required to lower concentrations to acceptable levels
  • 46.
    Water AccumulationWater Accumulation •Protection from hazards associated with water accumulation – Protection against cave-in – Water removal (pumping) – Run-off protection – Consider temporary shut-off of water lines
  • 47.
    Adjacent StructuresAdjacent Structures •Ensure structure stability – Shoring – Bracing – Underpinning – Or evaluation by P.E.
  • 48.
    Loose Rock andSoilLoose Rock and Soil • Protection of employees from loose rock or soil – Scaling – Protective barriers – Placing material at least 2’ from edge – No work on slopes above workers
  • 49.
    Fall ProtectionFall Protection •Any surface 6 feet or more above a lower level shall be protected by: – walkways with guardrail systems – personal fall arrest systems • Other options include: – warning lines systems – safety monitoring systems
  • 50.
    Cave-inCave-in • Protection from cave-inrequires a systematic approach including: – Soil classification – Protective systems – Inspection – Employee training
  • 51.
    Soil ClassificationSoil Classification •Soil Classification (Type A,B,or C) determines construction of protective system: – Sloping or benching – Shoring • Timber shoring • Aluminum shoring
  • 52.
    ! Protective SystemsProtective Systems •Required unless: – Excavation in stable rock – Excavation less than 5ft and examination by Competent Person determines no potential for cave-in
  • 53.
    Protective SystemsProtective Systems •Options Include: – Sloping and benching – Shoring/sheet piling/ shielding (e.g.trench boxes) – Designed by P.E. if deeper than 20’
  • 54.
    Simple SlopingSimple Sloping •Type A - 3/4:1 • Type B - 1:1 • Type C - 1½ :1
  • 55.
    BenchingBenching • Type A •Type B – (cohesive soil) • Type C - NONE NA
  • 56.
    ShoringShoring • Based onOSHA Appendices • Based on Manufacturer data • Designed by a P.E.
  • 57.
    Timber Shoring InstallationsTimberShoring Installations • Appendix C of OSHA regulations • Requires soil classification • Based on depth and width of trench • Consult tables for specs on – Cross braces – Wales – Uprights
  • 58.
    Aluminum Shoring InstallationsAluminumShoring Installations • Appendix D of OSHA regulations • Requires soil classification • Based on depth and width of trench • Consult tables for specs on – Hydraulic cylinders – Wales – Uprights
  • 59.
    Shields (i.e. TrenchBoxes)Shields (i.e. Trench Boxes)
  • 60.
    Protective SystemsProtective Systems •Installation – Securely connected – Employees clear of area under shields during installation – Installed to prevent movement – Must protect employees while entering excavation
  • 61.
    Protective SystemsProtective Systems •Removal – Employees clear of area under shields during removal – Shoring removed from the bottom up, SLOWLY! – Backfill with removal
  • 62.
    Excavation InspectionsExcavation Inspections •Daily Inspections of ALL excavations by Competent Person – Start of shift, as needed, following rainstorms or other hazard-increasing event • Possible cave-ins • Protective system failure • Water accumulation • Hazardous atmospheres – Competent person has authority to remove workers from the excavation
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.
    Working at HeightsWorkingat Heights Working at heights of 2 meters (6 Feet) or higher above the ground cannot proceed unless: A fixed platform issued with guard or handrails verified by a competent person(s) or Fall arrest equipment is used that is capable of supporting at least a 2275Kg (5000 lbs) static load per person Fall arrest equipment will limit free fall to 2 meters (6 feet) or less Person(s) are competent to perform the work. A visual inspection of the fall arrest equipment and system is complete and any equipment that is damaged or has been activated is taken out of service
  • 67.
    Guardrails to preventGuardrailsto prevent falls, including rails onfalls, including rails on purlin trolley systemspurlin trolley systems Fall arrest matsFall arrest mats oror Safety NetsSafety Nets Cable or track-basedCable or track-based systems with attachingsystems with attaching lanyards too short tolanyards too short to reach fall danger areareach fall danger area (work positioning)(work positioning) Cable or track-basedCable or track-based systems (harness andsystems (harness and lanyards)lanyards) Prevention Active Passive Arrest Traffic Light Selection RankingTraffic Light Selection Ranking
  • 68.
    REDRED GREENGREEN ORANGEORANGE DARK ORANGEDARK ORANGE Lastresort look for alternative safe system of work Attempt to find an alternative safe system of work and proceed with caution Seek advice from risk assessment and proceed with due diligence. Proceed with due care. Traffic Light Selection RankingTraffic Light Selection Ranking
  • 69.
    Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS)Guardrails Safety Net Fall Protection OptionsFall Protection Options
  • 70.
    Fall Arrest SystemFallArrest System If a person falls, the full body harness and lanyard is designed to bring a person to a sudden but controlled stop after a fall of 2m It must be connected to the rear dorsal connection of the harness This system is called “fall arrest” where a fall is stopped by the lanyard becoming taut and preventing further fall. A personal energy absorber will minimise the load on the body to prevent injury. Single Lanyard with shock absorber
  • 71.
    Shock AbsorberShock Absorber Whyhave a Shock Absorber? A 100kg person who is jerked to a stop after falling 2 metres generates a force on a lanyard without a shock absorber approximately equivalent to a 2000kg mass(20 x gravity). If there is no shock absorber this will either cause severe injury or cause the lanyard or harness to fail resulting in severe injury. A shock absorber is designed to unzip gradually at the end of the lanyard, so the force of coming to a stop never exceeds 600N (equivalent to 600 kg or 6g), which is regarded as a safe limit
  • 72.
    Shock AbsorberShock Absorber Anew shock absorberA new shock absorber. It is made of a length of webbing, doubled back on itself and accurately stitched together. It is designed and tested to gradually unzip the stitching and bring a person who falls to a gentle stop. This device reduces the shock to the body by absorbing some of the fall energy
  • 73.
    Shock AbsorberShock Absorber Aforce greater than 200kg is required to unzip the stitching.The load from a falling person is necessary to cause the shock absorber to deploy. When completely unzipped, the shock absorber is 1.75m long. The size of the person and distance of the fall determines how far the absorber deploys.
  • 74.
    • A 2mlanyard and tear webbing energy absorber will extend to 3.75 meters at a full activation of the lanyard in the event of a fall. Choosing the correct length lanyardChoosing the correct length lanyard
  • 75.
    Twin Tail Lanyard Madewith a single shock absorber which attaches to the dorsal D-Ring, with two lanyards connected at the other end. (ie: twin tails) Correct use of Twin Tail LanyardCorrect use of Twin Tail Lanyard
  • 76.
    A Twin TailLanyard is used to move from one Anchorage to the next, with at least one hook always being connected. This means protection against falls is always in place. This is not possible if only a single lanyard is worn Correct Use of Twin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards
  • 77.
    Never back hookthe spare lanyard onto yourself IT CAN BE FATAL Correct Use of Twin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards
  • 78.
    Correct Use ofTwin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards The photo shows…. One hook is attached to an anchor the other is wrapped around the leg The shock absorber is correctly attached to the dorsal D ring. If this person falls, the force can be transferred to the spare lanyard wrapped around the leg, NOT THE SHOCK ABSORBER WRONG CAN BE FATAL
  • 79.
    Correct Use ofTwin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards WRONG CAN BE FATAL After a fall of 2 m…. The connection between the two lanyards will probably break because the shock absorber does not absorb any of the shock load.
  • 80.
    Correct Use ofTwin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards WRONG CAN BE FATAL If the lanyard or harness does not fail, then the full force of the sudden stop when the lanyard pulls tight will cause massive injuries. DO NOT BACK HOOK THE SPARE LANYARD ONTO ANY PART OF YOUR BODY
  • 81.
    Correct Use ofTwin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards Instead of Back hooking the spare lanyard to yourself…. •Connect the spare lanyard DIRECTLY to another anchor point, or • Connect both hooks to the same Anchor but guard against roll out (explained later), or Never hook the spare lanyard onto the other hook. It may damage the latch mechanism or chafe the lanyard webbing.
  • 82.
    Correct Use ofTwin Tail LanyardsCorrect Use of Twin Tail Lanyards SUMMARY •A twin tail lanyard is used to move from one anchorage to another anchorage •When the spare tail is not being used, DO NOT back hook onto your body, instead attach it to an anchorage point. Take extra care against roll out. •Ensure the shock absorber always cushions the fall through the dorsal D-Ring.
  • 83.
    A Twin Taillanyard is a single shock absorber with two lanyards attached •A Dual lanyard is two single lanyards , each with its own shock absorber Correct use of a Dual LanyardDual Lanyard SafetyDual Lanyard Safety
  • 84.
    Correct use ofa Dual LanyardCorrect use of a Dual Lanyard Normal single lanyard with single shock absorber Dual lanyard, two single lanyards each with its own shock absorber
  • 85.
    Correct use ofa Dual LanyardCorrect use of a Dual Lanyard Why Use a DUAL LANYARD??Why Use a DUAL LANYARD?? •To remain attached at all times when moving from one anchorage to another requires two hooks. •Some times the preferred twin tail is not available, and instead 2 single lanyards are used as a substitute. Problems with DUAL Lanyards •If both lanyards are connected the two shock absorbers will not unzip correctly, and the sudden stop will probably cause internal injuries or the lanyard or harness will fail •It is possible for the attached lanyard to become disconnected from the harness D Ring due to “ROLL OUT”
  • 86.
    Correct use ofa Dual LanyardCorrect use of a Dual Lanyard Problem with two shock Absorbers If you take a fall with both lanyards connected, the two shock absorbers will break the fall but it will be a very sudden arrest and the load will exceed 600kg (6g) - internal injuries will probably be a result. Above shows two lanyards each with its own shock absorber attached to the dorsal d ring
  • 87.
  • 88.
    Energy Isolation Any isolationof energy systems; mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and others, cannot proceed unless The method of isolation and discharge of stored energy are agreed and executed by a competent person(s) Any stored energy is discharged A system of locks and tags is utilised at isolation points A test is contacted to ensure that isolation is effective Isolation effectiveness is periodically monitored
  • 89.
    Energy Isolation What ATypical Lockout/Tagout Looks Like With a Contractor & Personal Protection Lock.
  • 90.
    GENERAL REQUIREMENTSGENERAL REQUIREMENTS •Any equipment able to store hazardous energy must have lockout and tagout capability. • Only trained and authorised persons can perform lockout - tagout. • A lockout - tagout device cannot be removed on behalf of another person, unless an approved transfer procedure has taken place. Energy IsolationsEnergy Isolations
  • 91.
  • 92.
    Lifting OperationsLifting Operations Liftsutilising cranes, hoists, or other mechanical lifting devices will not commence unless: An assessment of the lift has been completed and the lift method and equipment has been determined by a competent person(s) Operators of powered lifting devices are trained and certified for the equipment Rigging of the load is carried out by a competent person Lifting devices and equipment has been certified for use within the last 12 months (as a minimum) Load does not exceed dynamic and/or static capacities of the lifting equipment Any safety devices installed on lifting equipment are operational All lifting devices and equipment have been visually examined before each lift by a competent person(s) All critical lifts (Tandom lifts) to be signed off my Responsible person(s)
  • 93.
    Heavy lifts thatexceed 50 tons, tandem lifts (which includes) tailing operations, those which exceed 80% of the maximum rated safe working load (SWL) for the specific lifting equipment. Close proximity to high voltage or process lines. Abnormal lifts due to configuration could be considered as critical lifts also and should be determined by the Crane Coordinator. Lifting Operations – Critical LiftsLifting Operations – Critical Lifts
  • 94.
  • 95.
    Confined Space EntryConfinedSpace Entry Entry into any confined space cannot proceed unless: All other options have been ruled out Permit is issued with authorisation by a responsible person Permit is communicated to all affected personnel and posted, as required All person(s) involved are competent to do the work & wear a full body harness All sources of energy affecting the space have been isolated Testing of atmosphers is conducted, verified and repeated as defined by the risk assessment Stand-by person is stationed Unauthorised entry is prevented Rescue plan is conveyed to Emergency Team
  • 96.
    Management of Change(MOC)Management of Change (MOC) Work arising from temporary and permanent changes to organisation, personnel, systems, process, procedures, equipment, products, materials or substances, laws and regulations cannot proceed unless a Management of Change process is completed, where applicable, to include: A risk assessment conducted by all impacted by the change Development of a work plan that clearly specifies the time scale for the • Equipment, facilities and process •Operations, maintenance, inspection procedures •Training, personnel and communication •Documentation Authorisation of the work plan by the responsible person(s) through to completion.
  • 97.
    Permit to WorkPermitto Work Before conducting work that involves confined space entry, work on energy systems, ground disturbance in locations where buried hazards may exist or hot work in potentially explosive environments, a permit must obtained that: Defines scope of work Establishes control measures to eliminate or mitigate hazards Identifies hazards and assesses risk Links the work to other associated work permits or simultaneous operations Is authorised by the responsible person(s) Communicates above information to all involved in the work Ensures adequate control over the return normal operations
  • 98.
  • 99.
    Site VehiclesSite Vehicles Beforebringing a vehicle on site the Site Manager should ensure that: The site safety rules & Site Speed Limit (10 kph /20kpm is defined The vehicle must be tested as serviceable and fit for purpose Ensures that the driver is certified to drive the vehicle The vehicle must have an up-to-date daily check list Seat belts are worn when working on site (were fitted). Vehicles are not left attended and locked – keys should be left in cab PPE rules for each type of vehicle are well understood No unauthorised drivers or use of vehicle

Editor's Notes

  • #39 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)To locate underground utilities use site maps, utility locators, hand probing for confirmation. 2)It is safest to deactivate underground utilities, but this is usually not feasible. When was the last time public service shut down a line for you to excavate? 3)For overhead lines de-energize, or maintain safe distance. Be sure to confirm that the line has been de-energized (preferably in writing). Don’t assume the line is off…make sure…it could mean your life!
  • #40 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)To locate underground utilities use site maps, utility locators, hand probing for confirmation. 2)It is safest to deactivate underground utilities, but this is usually not feasible. When was the last time public service shut down a line for you to excavate? 3)For overhead lines de-energize, or maintain safe distance. Be sure to confirm that the line has been de-energized (preferably in writing). Don’t assume the line is off…make sure…it could mean your life!
  • #42 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)Be aware of vehicles. 2)Make yourself visible to traffic. Wear traffic safety vests.
  • #45 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)Excavations are capable of containing hazardous atmospheres due to poor natural ventilation. 2)Especially true on hazardous waste sites where heavier than air vapors can accumulate in excavations. 3) Air testing is required at 4’. 4) Ventilation equipment may be necessary to maintain acceptable air quality. 5)Appropriate respirators may be necessary if hazardous atmospheres. 6) Must have rescue equipment and personnel readily available of working in hazardous atmospheres. - SCBAs for at least 2 people - Safety harness and line - Basket stretcher
  • #47 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1) Water seepage and accumulation destabilizes walls of excavation increasing the chance of cave-in. 2)Need to de-water using portable pumps. 3)Need to protect against surface water run-off getting into excavation. 4) Water lines need to be shut-off and locked out to eliminate possibility of flooding if line breaks. - If shut-off is not possible, water lines need to be supported and protected from breakage.
  • #49 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)Protect workers in excavation from material falling from the excavation face. 2)Protect workers in excavation from material falling into excavation. 3)Keep materials and equipment at least 2’ from edge of excavation at all times.
  • #50 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)In general, fall protection is required for work 6’ or more above lower levels. 2)Applies to leading edges of all walking/working surfaces, roofs, holes, ramps, excavations, work over dangerous equipment, etc. 3)There are different fall protection options depending on the situation. Bolded options are preferred. Other options allowed only under certain circumstances (e.g. low slope roof) when preferred options are infeasible or they create a greater hazard. 4)There are no “one-size fits all solutions”. Need to evaluate fall protection needs for each job and preplan to ensure that everything is in place. Requires a job hazard analysis prior to work. We should be trying to eliminate not protect against falls.
  • #52 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1) Type A Soil : clay, silty clay, sandy clay, clay loam. 2) Type B Soil: angular gravel, silt, silt, loam, sandy loam. 3) Type C Soil: gravel, sand, loamy sand.
  • #53 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)Protective systems are not required for excavations in stable rock or less than 5’ deep (Fed OSHA)PROVIDED THAT COMPETENT PERSON INSPECTION DOES NOT INDICATE POTENTIAL FOR CAVE-IN. 2)Radian policy is to require protective systems at 4’. 3)Also consider the work being performed. For example working on your hands and knees in the bottom of a 3’-4’ excavation could be a problem if a cave-in occurs. 4)Options for protective systems include sloping the walls of the excavation, installing support systems, such as shoring or shielding, or a protective system designed by a Professional Engineer (required if excavation is deeper than 20’).
  • #54 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)Protective systems are not required for excavations in stable rock or less than 5’ deep (Fed OSHA)PROVIDED THAT COMPETENT PERSON INSPECTION DOES NOT INDICATE POTENTIAL FOR CAVE-IN. 2)Radian policy is to require protective systems at 4’. 3)Also consider the work being performed. For example working on your hands and knees in the bottom of a 3’-4’ excavation could be a problem if a cave-in occurs. 4)Options for protective systems include sloping the walls of the excavation, installing support systems, such as shoring or shielding, or a protective system designed by a Professional Engineer (required if excavation is deeper than 20’).
  • #57 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)Shoring system needs to be designed and installed properly per the OSHA specifications, or data from manufacturer, or by a Professional Engineer. 2) “Slapping up” some plywood and 2 X 4’s is not acceptable!
  • #58 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)Diagram of an aluminum shoring system. 2)These systems need to be installed per the manufacturer’s specifications.
  • #59 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)Diagram of an aluminum shoring system. 2)These systems need to be installed per the manufacturer’s specifications.
  • #60 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)Diagram of trench boxes. 2)These are usually pre-manufactured. 3)They can be used single, or in series, or can be stacked. 4)You only need to protect the area where workers are located so trench box can be moved as work progresses. 5)Most widely used for trenches. 6)Remember to provide ladder or ramp entry and exit. Climbing the trench box is not acceptable. 7)Do not work under raised trench boxes.
  • #61 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)Employees are not allowed in trench boxes when they are being installed, removed, or moved vertically. NOTE: It is not good practice for employees to be inside of trench boxes while they are being dragged horizontally, although you will probably see this from time to time. 2) Shoring is to be removed from the bottom up.
  • #62 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)Employees are not allowed in trench boxes when they are being installed, removed, or moved vertically. NOTE: It is not good practice for employees to be inside of trench boxes while they are being dragged horizontally, although you will probably see this from time to time. 2) Shoring is to be removed from the bottom up.
  • #63 KEY TALKING POINTS: 1)Daily inspections by the Competent Person is key to protecting workers in excavation. Inspections are to be done prior to the start of work and during the day as conditions dictate. Inspections should be conducted any time the hazards of the excavation increase. 2)Document inspections in the daily log or on a checklist. 3)The excavation contractor should provide the Competent Person since they control the excavation and should have the most experience. 4)Competent person inspects and removes workers from excavation if a hazardous condition exists. COMPETENT PERSON MUST HAVE AUTHORITY TO STOP EXCAVATION WORK!