importance of production of cashew. it includes about botany, all varities. cotains all cimatic and soil requirement of the crop. also contais different methods of propogation, cultivation ascpects and processig aspects.
importance of production of cashew. it includes about botany, all varities. cotains all cimatic and soil requirement of the crop. also contais different methods of propogation, cultivation ascpects and processig aspects.
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
CLOVE
Scientific Name : Syzygium aromaticum
Family : Myrtaceae
Chromosome number :- 22
Origin place :-Molluccas Island of Eastern Indonesia
The clove is one of the important tree spice crop grown in India.
The clove of commerce is the fully grown but unopened aromatic dried flower bud of an evergreen tree syzygium aromaticum.
The term 'clove' is derived from the French word 'cloy' and the English word 'clout', both meaning 'nail.The volatile oil obtained from the clove bud contains mainly (80-90%) and caryophyllene (4-8%).
Area and Production:-
In India the clove is cultivated in an area of 2,600 ha. with annual production of 1,160 tonnes. The productivity is 400 kg/ha.
Botany :-
The clove is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 7-15 m.
It begins to fork near the base, into two or three main erect branches. The smaller branches are semi-erect, the twigs are brittle, smooth and greyish-white in colour, and the whole head is bushy and dense.
The leaves are simple, opposite, exstipulate, glabrous and aromatic owing to plenty of oil glands on the lower surface. The new leaves appear in flushes and are bright pink.
The hermaphrodite flowers are borne on a terminal, corymbose, trichotomous panicle.
Harvesting Indices and Harvesting Techniques of Cut FlowersKarthekaThirumugam1
Harvesting indices and harvesting techniques of cut flowers are dealt in this presentation. Commercial major greenhouse cut flowers, open- field cut flowers, specialty cut flowers and minor cut flowers are discussed with appropriate pictures.
Peach is the temperate region fruit crops.The cultivation of peach requires some specific climatic conditions. It requires some chilling hours to break the dormancy and to become fruit ful. In this presentation, you will get the detail information of ideal peach cultivation, high density planting in peach and much more.
Anthurium is tropical ornamental plant and Anthurium cultivated for its colourful, long-lasting flowers or the attractive foliage. They have Gained importance as major cut flowers of the modern world.
Anthurium is a native of Central and South America and the genus Anthurium, with over 700 species.
The word anthurium is taken from the Greek ‘anthos’, flower and ‘aura’ tail, referring to the spadix.
The major countries importing anthurium cut flowers are in the USA. Canada. Germany. Europe and Japan.
The popularity of growing anthurium as cut flowers has risen tremendously in the past few years and it has now become an important export-oriented crop.
In India, Anthurium industry is still in its starting phage. There are very a few growers from Karnataka, Tamil Nadu Kerala Andhra Pradesh North -Eastern states who send their flower to big cities like Mumbai and Delhi.
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
CLOVE
Scientific Name : Syzygium aromaticum
Family : Myrtaceae
Chromosome number :- 22
Origin place :-Molluccas Island of Eastern Indonesia
The clove is one of the important tree spice crop grown in India.
The clove of commerce is the fully grown but unopened aromatic dried flower bud of an evergreen tree syzygium aromaticum.
The term 'clove' is derived from the French word 'cloy' and the English word 'clout', both meaning 'nail.The volatile oil obtained from the clove bud contains mainly (80-90%) and caryophyllene (4-8%).
Area and Production:-
In India the clove is cultivated in an area of 2,600 ha. with annual production of 1,160 tonnes. The productivity is 400 kg/ha.
Botany :-
The clove is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 7-15 m.
It begins to fork near the base, into two or three main erect branches. The smaller branches are semi-erect, the twigs are brittle, smooth and greyish-white in colour, and the whole head is bushy and dense.
The leaves are simple, opposite, exstipulate, glabrous and aromatic owing to plenty of oil glands on the lower surface. The new leaves appear in flushes and are bright pink.
The hermaphrodite flowers are borne on a terminal, corymbose, trichotomous panicle.
Harvesting Indices and Harvesting Techniques of Cut FlowersKarthekaThirumugam1
Harvesting indices and harvesting techniques of cut flowers are dealt in this presentation. Commercial major greenhouse cut flowers, open- field cut flowers, specialty cut flowers and minor cut flowers are discussed with appropriate pictures.
Peach is the temperate region fruit crops.The cultivation of peach requires some specific climatic conditions. It requires some chilling hours to break the dormancy and to become fruit ful. In this presentation, you will get the detail information of ideal peach cultivation, high density planting in peach and much more.
Anthurium is tropical ornamental plant and Anthurium cultivated for its colourful, long-lasting flowers or the attractive foliage. They have Gained importance as major cut flowers of the modern world.
Anthurium is a native of Central and South America and the genus Anthurium, with over 700 species.
The word anthurium is taken from the Greek ‘anthos’, flower and ‘aura’ tail, referring to the spadix.
The major countries importing anthurium cut flowers are in the USA. Canada. Germany. Europe and Japan.
The popularity of growing anthurium as cut flowers has risen tremendously in the past few years and it has now become an important export-oriented crop.
In India, Anthurium industry is still in its starting phage. There are very a few growers from Karnataka, Tamil Nadu Kerala Andhra Pradesh North -Eastern states who send their flower to big cities like Mumbai and Delhi.
Its all about the non traditional crops. It includes the the production technology of sun flower its all factors, its area of production and all the necessary aspects of growing the sun flower.
Commercial Cultivation And Postharvest Processing Of Tulsi (Ocimum Sps.)Kaushal Sharma
Commercial Cultivation And Postharvest Processing Of Tulsi (Ocimum Sps.)
Ocimum sanctum is native to India, where it enjoys a religious attachment and liked to be grown in shrines and homes as an aromatic perennial shrub. Tulsi is part of routine worship and has scientific background as the plants possess antimicrobial and antiviral properties and purifies the air. It is also grown as temperate climates, the natural habitat of tulsi varies from sea level to an altitude of 2000 m. It grows naturally in moist soil all over the globe.
BERSEEM Trifolium alexandriannium is an annual leguminous fodder crop.
One of the most suitable fodder crops for areas below 1700 m altitude with irrigation facilities.
Remains soft and succulent at all stages of growth.
It can be grown without irrigation in areas with high water table and under water-logged conditions.
Indigenous to Egypt.
Tomato is grown practically in every country of the world in outdoor fields, greenhouses, and net houses. The leading tomato producing countries in the world are China, India, USA, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Italy, Spain, and Brazil.
It occupies an area of about 4.73 million hectares with a production of 163.96 million tonnes in the world (FAO, 2016). It is the world’s 3rd largest vegetable crop after potato and onion
Tomato is the most widely cultivated crop in India. Tomato is a very important vegetable crop regarding both income and nutrition. Tomatoes are predominantly summer crops, but it can be cultivated throughout the year.
In its fruit contain vitamins like ‘A’ and ‘C’ and antioxidant in abundance quantity. Due to the unique properties contained in its fruit, tomato demand remains almost the same throughout the year.
Tomatoes are also used as fresh fruits, and they are cooked and cooked in pickles, chutneys, soups, ketchup, sauces, etc.
CHILLI Cultivation Practices and Improved Variety, biotic and abiotic stres...ayushtiwari125861
This Slide teaches you about the cultivation practices of Chilli Crop.
Use full for your Exam, presentation work, etc.
This slide includes:
1. Chili cultivation Practices
2. Abiotic and Biotic Stress
3. Diseases
4. Improved variety with quality.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
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Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
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VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
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LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
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RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
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1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
4. Introduction Aloe Vera is an important and traditional medicinal plant belonging to the family Liliaceae. Aloe Vera is known by several names like Ghrit Kumari, Kunvar pathu and Indian Aloe and is widely cultivated because of its wide adaptability and use as a medicinal plant especially in dry areas. It’s origin place in African Continent. The flowers are produced on a spike up to 90 cm tall, each flower pendulous with a yellow tubular corolla.
5. Contd… Nearly there are about 150 species in Aloe. Among this species, there is only one variety that has a legendary medical reputation dating back thousands of years, it is the Aloe Vera. Aloe is supposed to be derived from the Arabic “alloeh” meaning “bitter” because of bitter liquid found in the leaves.
6. Uses Its primary use is in cosmetic industry for preparation of shampoo, face creams, shaving creams and moisturizing agents. It has also diverse use as vegetable and pickle. The leaves possess many medicinal properties and are used to treat fever, enlarged liver, and spleen and other glands. skin diseases. Gonorrhea, constipation, menstrual suppressions, piles, jaundice, rheumatic diseases and also for the treatment of burns and bruises.
7. Biochemistry The Aloe Vera plant contains at least six antiseptic agents: lupeol, salicylic acid, urea nitrogen, cinnamic acid, phenol, and sulphur. It contains over 200 ingredients, and seems to affect thousands of biomedical actions in the body.
8. Factor’s in Production CLIMATE : Aloe is grown in warm tropical areas and cannot survive freezing temperatures. It can be seen growing good in warm humid or dry climate. However, it is intolerant to extreme cool conditions. The plant flourishes well on dry sandy soils at localities with lower annual rainfall of 50 to 300mm. It needs protection against frost and low winter temperature.
9. Soil : Factor’s in Production It is grown successfully in marginal to sub marginal soils having low fertility. The plants have tendency to tolerate high soil pH with high sodium and potassium salts. However, its growth is faster under medium fertile heavier soils such as black cotton soils of Central India. Aloe Vera can be cultivated on any soil for ‘dry land management’, sandy loamy soil is the best suited for it.
10. Factor’s in Production Planting Time : Suckers should be planted in July-August to get better field survival and subsequent growth. However, under irrigated conditions, planting can be done round the year except in winter months (November-February).
11. Process in Production Land Preparation : The root system of Aloe Vera does not penetrate below 20-30 cm, therefore the soil should not be disturbed too deep. Depending upon soil type and agro-climatic conditions, 1-2 ploughing followed by leveling are recommended. The field should be divided into suitable plot sizes (10-15 m x 3 m) considering the slope and available source of irrigation.
12. Spacing and plant population Normally a spacing of 40cm x 45cm or 60cm x 30cm is followed. This accommodates about 55000 plants per hectare. Process in Production Planting Material : The planting material recommended for commercial cultivation are suckers. Nearly three to four months old suckers having 4-5 leaves and about 20-25 cm in length be used as planting material.
13. Process in Production Manures and fertilizers : In general, the crop responds well to the application of manure (FYM or Compost). About 10 to 15 tones FYM per ha may be applied at the time of soil preparation and also in the subsequent years. If sufficient quantity of wood ash is available, it can be applied in the pits at the time of planting as it helps in establishment of plants and their subsequent growth.
14. Process in Production Irrigation : To get good crop, irrigation at different critical stages of growth are required as follows : 1. First irrigation just after planting of suckers. 2. Give 2-3 irrigations subsequently till the plants get established, 4-6 irrigations per year may be enough for its proper growth. 3. Depending upon the availability of water, give light irrigation after each picking of leaves.
15. Process in Production Inter-Culture Operations: The field should be kept free from weeds throughout the growing period. Two to three hand weeding per year to promote growth and suckering. Remove regularly diseased plants and dried flower stakes.
16. Cultivation Process The ground is to be carefully prepared to keep free from weeds and the soil is ideally kept ideally slightly acidic. The soil should be supplied supplement in the form of ammonium nitrate every year. The plants are set spaced out by 31 inches in rows and between the rows. At that rate, about 55,000 plants are set per hectare. An 8 - 12 inch aloe pop would take about 18 - 24 months to fully mature.
17. Cultivation Process The plants, in a year's time, would bear flowers that are bright yellow in color. The leaves are 1 to 2 feet long and are cut without causing damage to the plant, so that it lasts for several years. The crop can be harvested 4 times a year. At the rate of 3 leaves cut from each plant, about 12 leaves are the harvest per plant per year. On an average, the yield per hectare annually is about “55” tones.
18. Cultivation Process The leaves cut off close to the plant are placed immediately, with the cut end downwards, in a V-shaped wooden trough of about 4 feet long and 12 to 18 inches deep.
19. Technical parameters Varieties : IC111271, IC111269, AL-1, etc. Spacing : 45cm x 40cm , 60cm x 30cm Plant population: 55000 / ha FYM : 15 t/ha Fertilizers : 50 : 50 : 50 kg/ha of N : P : K
20. Financial parameters : Rs. Planting material (per sucker) 00.50 Wage rate (man per day) 120.00 FYM (per tone) 300.00 Fertilizers per kg N 10.50 P2O5 19.00 K2O 7.50 Sale prices of leaves / t 2000.00 Sale prices of flowers / t 5000.00 Sale prices of seeds / t 50000.00 Sale prices of roots / t 1000.00 Maintenance cost : Year 3 - 5 21350 (per year)
21. COST OF DEVELOPMENT OF ALOE VERA (10 Hectares) 1,12,500 1,12,500 3,87,500 Sub Total - I 12,000 12,000 12,000 Plant protection chemicals 5 12,000 12,000 12,000 Irrigation 4 18,500 18,500 18,500 Fertilizers 3 45,000 45,000 45,000 FYM 2 2,75,000 Planting materials 1 3 onwards 25,000 2 25,000 1 25,000 Land (10 Hectare) (At lease for 99 years) MATERIALS Year (Figs. in Rs.) Item Sr. No.
22. COST OF DEVELOPMENT OF ALOE VERA (10 Hectare) Year Item Sr. No. 3,64,500 3,04,500 6,69,500 GRAND TOTAL 2,52,000 1,92,000 2,82,000 Sub Total - II 60,000 30,000 - Packing, loading etc. 8 90,000 60,000 - Harvesting 7 60,000 60,000 60,000 Inter culture 6 18,000 18,000 18,000 Irrigation 5 12,000 12,000 12,000 Spraying of plant protection chemicals 4 12,000 12,000 12,000 Application of manures and fertilizers 3 - - 90,000 Preparation of ridges and furrows and planting 2 - - 90,000 Land preparation 1 3 onwards 2 1 LABOUR
23. Contd.. There is no more expense on transportation. The companies which purchase Aloe Vera they afford expense for transportation.
27. According to the previous table, the net profit of first five year is Rs. 40,71,500 . So for the next five year we will take more land on ledge to more production & get more profit.
28. ...The future is green, the future is herbal. So make sure we are behind your success!!!