This document outlines the process for developing a questionnaire, which includes identifying the constructs being measured, constructing initial items, getting expert review of items, administering the items to a sample, evaluating the items through various analyses, conducting pilot tests and revisions, and then distributing the finalized questionnaire. The key stages are concept identification, item construction, selecting a response format, getting expert review, administering items to a sample, and evaluating items through statistical analyses and pilot testing before final distribution.

1. Muhammad Ibrahim Khalil
M.Phil. NUML University Islamabad

2. Def: A tool through which we collect data
The following stages are being elaborated below

3. Concept identification
 Identify and define construct
 Construct mapping
e.g. aggressive driving behavior

4.  Respondent. Response to items
 Very aggressive driver deliberately use vehicle to block
other drivers
 Aggressive driver Yell insult obscenities at drivers who
annoyed me
 Mildly aggressive drivers Flash head lights when annoyed
by other drivers
 Least aggressive drivers Mutter insult when annoyed by
other drivers

5. Item construction or general item pool
 Reflect purpose .
 Reflect entire construct
 Redundancy
 More items then intent to use
 Characteristic of well written items
 Reasonable reading level
 Clear or concise
 Avoid double barreled questions
 Avoid double negatives

6. Select response option format
 Binary
 Check all that rely
 Likert –style scale
 Multiple choice
 Open ended
 Thurston scale
 Number of response option

7. Expert review of items
 Confirm invalidate definition of construct
 Item relevance to construct
 Item wording (clear, concise)
 Overlooked aspect

8. Consider validation items
 Quality of responses
 Social desirability
 personality driven Reponses biases
Construct validity
 Gold standard
 Theoretical relationship with construct

9. Administer items
 Collect data from development sample
 sample size matter
 Minimum sample size depend

10. Evaluate items
 Reverse scoring
 Item means
 item variances
 Item item correlation
 Item scale correlation
 Factor analysis
 coefficient alpha

11. Procedure and consideration (data collection)
 Before the final form of questionnaire, pilot study or
retest for validation
 Tabulate data from pilot testing
 Data will indicate whether answers can be satisfactory
 The retesting would indicate need for revision of
certain questions
 Help to delete unusual question
 Help to add some more new question

12. Distribution of questionnaire
 After retesting and revision , the questionnaire is ready
to distribute among respondents
 Two ways direct method or face to face , mailed
questionnaire
 Covering letter
 Confidentiality
 Data collection

13.  Thanks
 And good bye