Combine jute or sugarcane Fiber with PLA material can create a eco-friendly composite material

1. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MECHANICAL, THERMAL &
BIODEGRADABILITY BEHAVIOUR OF CELLULOSE FIBER RENIFORCED
WITH PLA
Submitted By-
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF PETROCHEMICALS ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY-IPT,BHUBANESWAR
Aditi Priyadarshini - 2001112018
Ashutosh Pati - 2001112021
Asutosh Sahoo - 2001112022
Batchu Mahesh - 2001112023
Deval Mishra - 2001112024
Sonalika Bal - 2001112034
Guided by-
DR. Pijush Kanti Mandal

2. 1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Aim And Objective
4. Materials Used
5. Methodology
6. Work Plan
-CONTENT-

3. -INTRODUCTION-
• Cellulose fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites have gained
significance in recent years due to their potential as sustainable and
biodegradable materials.
• PLA, a biobased thermoplastic, exhibits biodegradability under specific
conditions, while cellulose fibers contribute to enhancing the mechanical
properties of the composite.
• However, the incorporation of cellulose fibers can also influence the
biodegradability of the composite.
• In this experimental study, we aim to investigate the biodegradability of cellulose

4.  To prepare a composite
 To enhance the mechanical properties of the composite
 To enhance the biodegradability behaviour of the composite material
 To reduce the pollution by using poly olefin based plastic material
 To develop eco-friendly material for sustainable development
-OBJECTIVE-

5. -LITERATURE REVIEW-

First
bullet
point
here

Second
bullet
point
here

Third
bullet
point
here
1. Nina Graupner, Axel S Herrmann 2009
The mechanical characteristics of composites made
completely of renewable raw materials. The composites
were tested for tensile strength, elongation at break,
Young’s modulus and Charpy impact strength
2. Gunti Rajesh, Atluri V Ratna
Prasad
2014
The natural fiber reinforced biodegradable polymer
composites were prepared with short jute fiber as
reinforcement and PLA as matrix. The short jute fiber is
successively treated with NaOH at various concentrations
3.
Fatma Masmoudi, Atef
Bessadok, Mohamed Dammak,
Mohamed Jaziri & Emna Ammar
2016
This work deals with the reduction of conventional plastics
waste and the natural resources preservation by using
cellulosic polymers from renewable resources

6. 4.
Hua Wang, Md Arshad Ali, Md
Sohag Miah
2019
The mechanical properties, surface morphology,
and Fourier transform infrared spectra of treated
and untreated jute fibers were analyzed to
understand the influence of chemical
modifications on the fiber
5.
Mohsin Ejaz, Muhammad
Muzammil Azad, Atta Ur Rehman
Shah
2020
Flax and jute natural fibers have been used
individually and as hybrid reinforcement into
Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) matrix
6.
G. Rajeshkumar, S. Arvindh
Seshadri, G.L. Devnani , M.R.
Sanjay
2021
Environmental concern and awareness around
the globe have led to the development of
sustainable bio composites which are derived
from renewable resources
7.
Shahab Saedi, Coralia V. Garcia,
Jun Tae Kim and Gye Hwa Shin 2021
Cellulose fibers have gained considerable
interest for use as gas barriers and reinforcing
fillers in food packaging materials because of
their interesting properties, including
biodegradability, low density, nontoxicity, and
low cost

7. 1.Jute Fiber
2.Sugarcane Fiber
3.Poly Lactic Acid
-MATERIALS USED-

8. 1. JUTE FIBER
Jute is a natural fiber derived from the stem of plant. It is used in various application
because of its versatility, strength and biodegradability.
Jute combined with PLA forms another eco-friendly composite material. Jute, a natural
fibre derived from the jute plant, is known for its strength, durability, and
biodegradability. PLA, as mentioned earlier, is a bioplastic derived from renewable
resources.

9. This blend is often used in various applications such as packaging materials, bags,
textiles, and even some automotive components.
Combining jute with PLA allows for the creation of products that are not only strong
but also environment friendly.

10. 2. Sugarcane Fiber
Sugarcane fiber, often called bagasse, is a byproduct of sugarcane processing.
When these two materials are combined, they create a composite that retains the
strength of sugarcane fibre while benefiting from PLA's biodegradable proper es,
making it a popular choice for sustainable packaging solutions and environmentally
friendly products.

11. 3. POLY LACTIC ACID(PLA)
PLA is known for its biodegradability, meaning it can breakdown into natural
compounds over time, especially under certain environmental conditions such as
composting facilities.
• The use of renewable resources in PLA production, such as corn or sugarcane,
contributes to its environmental sustainability compared to plastics derived from
fossil fuels.
• PLA exhibits thermoplastic behavior, allowing it to be processed using common
manufacturing techniques such as injection molding, extrusion, and thermoforming. •
PLA has found applications in various industries, including packaging , food
containers, disposable cutlery, and medical devices.

12. • While PLA possesses favorable mechanical properties, including high tensile
strength and stiffness, it may not match the performance of certain traditional
plastics like polyethylene or polypropylene. •
The mechanical properties of PLA can be influenced by factors such as processing
conditions, molecular weight, and the presence of additives.

13. 1. Density range 1.25 gm/cm3
2. Yield tensile strength 53 MPa
3. % yield strength 11-100 %
4. Flexural modulus 355-445 MPa
5. Melting point 115-175 (°C)
6. Glass transition
temperature
54-56 (°C)

14. -METHODOLOGY-
1.Alkaline Treatment
2.FTIR Analysis

15. -ALKALINE TREATMENT-
Alkali treatment is used to breaking down the bundles of fibres into individual fibres. This
process results in an increased aspect ratio of the smaller fibre particles and makes the
fibre surface rough, which helps in increasing the interfacial bonding between fibre and the
matrix material.
It extracts hemicellulose, lignin and other substance which covers the cell wall of material.

16. The treatment was started with measuring the weight of both fibres. We should take
5gram weight of both fibres
JUTE FIBER SUGARCANE FIBER
Then the fiber is washed with distilled water for certain period of time for removing
the contaminant that may affect the treatment.

17. After washing the fibers are dried.
A solution is prepared using 5gm of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) with 95ml of distilled
water.
Then the fibers are soaked in the solution for 2hr.
After 2hr we check the pH which comes out to be 9 which is very alkaline.

18. Then the fiber with washed with plain water and then distilled water to neutralize it
until the Ph changes to 6.5
Then it is dried and the weight is measured.

19. The weight of sugaracane and jute fiber is reduced because of removal of lignin,
impurities, degradation of non-cellulosic components, swelling and water
absorption etc.

20. -Fourier TRANSFORM INFRARED-
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is an instrumental technique used to identify
the functional groups present in organic and inorganic compounds by measuring their
absorption of infrared radiation over a range of wavelengths, when infrared (IR)
radiation passes through a sample, some of the radiation is absorbed. The radiation
that passes through the sample is recorded. The most abundant types of bond on
treated fiber are O-H, N-H,C-H, C-O.
The result of FTIR analysis of sugarcane and jute fiber is shown in fig and table below.

21. (Sugarcane fiber)
PEAK POSITION GROUP CLASS PEAK DETAIL
3328.41 O-H stretching alcohol Strong, broad
2862.4 C-H stretching alkane medium
2922.1 C-H stretching alkane medium
1747.5 C=O stretching lactone strong
1017.23 C-F stretching fluoro strong

22. (Jute Fiber)
PEAK POSITION GROUP CLASS PEAK DETAIL
3327.48 N-H stretching amine medium
2926.82 C-H streching alkane medium
1590.51 C=C stretching alkene medium
1317.03 O-H bending phenol medium
1104.86 C-N stretching amine strong
1018.10 C-F stretching fluoro strong

23. -WORK PLAN-
Material Collection YES
Fiber Treatment YES
FT-IR Analysis YES
Preparation of Composite NO
Mechanical Testing NO
Thermal Testing NO
Biodegradable Testing NO

24. -RESULT & DISCUSSION-
•We have done the 2% alkaline treatment due to which the ligin and other
materials were removed.
•We have done the FTIR test which shows the characterization peak of cellulose.
•Mechanical properties test will be done by tensile testing, compression etc.
•Thermal properties test will be carried by using differential scanning
caloriemetry.
•We will then carry out the biodegradable test