Problem 8- (8 points) Choose between the following options to maximize.docx
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Problem 8. (8 points) Choose between the following options to maximize the probability of an SN2 mechanism and to minimize the probability of an Sn1 mechanism. Briefly explain each of your choices. (For part e E-dielectric constant). a. Reactant LG b. Nucleophile Me3N or c. Solvent: CF CH2OH CH3OH -39) -33) d. Concentration of Nucleophile High Low or Solution SN2 is nucleophilic substitution bimolecular which occur in single step. the SN2 substitution is favoured by the strong nucleophile , better leaving group and aprotic polar solvents 1) CH3-CH(CH3)-LG favours the SN2 reaction. The SN2 is favoured by less hindered reactant, as ph-CH(CH3)-LG is bulky when compared to the CH3-CH(CH3)-LG the later favours the SN2 reaction as less hindered. Where as first one favours the SN1 as it forms a stable carbocation. 2)The SN2 is favoured by the storng nucleohilie whereas the SN1 is independent of the nucleophile. Me3N is strong nucleophile than N3- as there are 3 elelctron donating methyl group to nitrogen in Me3N it act as strong nucleophile when compared to N3- 3) CH3OH favours the SN2 reaction. Polar aprotic solvent with low dielectric constant favours the SN2 reaction.Even though both the given solvent are protic solvents.The CH3OH has lower dielectric constant value than CF3CH2OH. CH3OH is less acidic when compared to CF3CH2OH.The more acidic solvent forms the strong bond with leaving group favouring the SN1 reaction. 4) High concentration of nucleophile is required for SN2 reaction as the SN2 reaction is dependent on the concentration of both the reactants and nucleophile, the increase in concentration of nucleophile increase the rate of reaction .
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(250+ words)
Solution
Biomedical research has made remarkable advances over the past century; as a result, ethics in clinical research is of more concern than ever before. There was little public dispute over the ethics of biomedical research until the 1960s, when scandals appeared to erupt worldwide and were opened to the public . There have been many responses to these scandals including recognition of the need for standards and guidelines in the ethics of clinical research. The growing necessity for ethics in clinical research has raised concerns related to controversial issues in the processing of the formal mechanism known as the IRB. There exist various perspectives in special topics with or without consensus. This paper first introduces historically evoked scandals and responses, and then identifies key ethical issues and insights, with topics limited by space constraint. Selected debates are intended as a guide to the ethical issues confronted by physicians and researchers. Research ethics is an essential part of good research practice to protect participants in clinical studies. It is our optimistic belief that these challenging issues will be resolved through a consensus in the future. It is also my hope that this review provides an idea of the ethical framework to those investigators and anesthesiologists who will need to meet the challenges of changing patterns of research circumstances.
Potential failures of the system:
Problems with collaborative research at Harvard School of Public Health:
Problems with collaborative research at UCLA:
.
An economy is characterized by the following behavioral equations- C -.docx
An economy is characterized by the following behavioral equations:
C = 100 + .8 Y D
I = 100
G = 200
T = .25 Y
Solve for each of the following. Show your calculations.
Equilibrium GDP ( Y )
Disposable income ( Y D )
Consumption spending ( C )
Private saving
Public saving
Suppose government spending increases by 10 (?G=10). By how much will GDP change? (?Y=?)
Solution
C = 100 + .8 Y D
I = 100
G = 200
T = .25 Y
At equilibrium:
Y=C+I+G
Y=100+0.8(Y-T)+100+200
Y=100+0.8(Y-.25Y)+300
Y=400+0.6Y
0.4Y=400
Y=1000
Yd=Y-T
Yd=1000-0.25 x 1000
Yd=750
C=100+0.8Yd
C=100+0.8x 750
C=700
In equilibrium
I+G=S+T
100+200=S+250
S=50
Public savings:
S=T-G
S=250-200
S=50
Private saving=
Y-T-C
1000-250-700
=50
If G increases by 10, then G=210.
Y=410+0.4Y
Y=1025
GDP will increase by 25. Hence a 10 increase in government spending will increase GDP by 25.
Government expenditure Multiplier= 25/10=0.25
.
An auditor examines a sample of cancelled checks to verify that the ch.docx
An auditor examines a sample of cancelled checks to verify that the checks were signed by two authorized people, in accordance with company policy. This is an example of a:
A.
Test of a control
B.
Substantive test
C.
Cutoff test
D.
Statistical test
Solution
substantive test
Substantive procedures (or substantive tests ) are those activities performed by the auditor to detect material misstatement or fraud at the assertion level.
The different assertions of balances
.
All of the following are false regarding apportionment except- a Ap.docx
All of the following are false regarding apportionment except?
Solution
The legal term apportionment (French apportionement; Med. Latin apportionamentum; derived from Latin portio , share) means distribution or allotment in proper shares.
It is a term used in law in a variety of senses. Sometimes it is employed roughly and has no technical meaning; this indicates the distribution of a benefit ( e.g. salvage or damages under the Fatal Accidents Act 1846,
.
Also indicate all zero-force members- Check all that apply- Check all.docx
Also indicate all zero-force members.
Check all that apply.
Check all that apply.
Also indicate all zero-force members. Check all that apply.
Solution
DF and CF Only.
Explanation:
The chances of zero members can be DF, CF, GC, BH and CH.
Starting from DF: We know DF is zero member as there is no load in the joint D and DF joins a straight member CE....Likewise if DF is zero, then CF also becomes a zero member (in the same sense as explained for DF)...But this is not the case for BH as there is a load at joint B..CH also cannot be a zero member as it is not connected to just a straight member (instead BH also exist).....Now coming to GC, GC is not a zero member as there is a load acting at joint G.
.
Although objectives- functional tactics- and action items are included.docx
Although objectives, functional tactics, and action items are included in many implementation plans, why do some organizations have a difficult time following the plans they create? What problems have you faced when creating or following an implementation plan?
Do not copy paste and I don\'t need references. Just answer in at least 150 words.
Solution
The various reasons where organization have difficulty in following the implementation plan they create are as follow: -
1) Ineffective Leadership: - The sucess of the plan depends upon the competency of the leader. The leader has the responsibility to take his team forward. In time of difficulty if the leader is not able to manage things then the crust of project is lost.
2) Stimulus to Change: - When a organization creates a plan but it does not run as thought becasue of various internal and external factors. If the organization do not change as per the requirement then the plan essense is lost.
The problem that I faced while creating a implementation plan are as follows: -
1) Procurement of fund: - While I was creating a plan, the biggest problem for me was the procurement of fund. As fund carries a cost. If the cost of borrowed fund is higher that its a difficult situation for the fund.
2) Utilization of fund: - The other problem for me was how to utilize the fund as there is minimum cost that I would have to recover to satisfy my stakeholders.
.
prove or disprove that H - {n e(element) Z- n is divisible by both 8.docx
prove or disprove that H = {n e(element) Z| n is divisible by both 8 and 10} is a subgroup of Z?
Solution
here H = {n e(element) Z| n is divisible by both 8 and 10}
and we have Z = { -inf .....-2,-1,0,1,2,3........+ inf}
n that is divisible by 8 and 10 is LCM of 8 , 10
= 40
so any number divisible by both 8 , 10 is of form = 40 m where m is some intezer
let m =1 => 40
so it also belongs to subgroup Z
.
Project 3 is based on the materials from Freakonomics Radio Podcast- H.docx
Project 3 is based on the materials from Freakonomics Radio Podcast: How Safe Is Your job?. Economists preach the gospel of creative destruction. whereby new industries - and jobs - replace the old ones. But in this era of technological wonder, has creative destruction become too destructive? 1. One of the creative destruction examples used by Stephen Dubner (the host of Freakonomics Radio Podcast) is piano business. Before the invention of phonograph. the sales of piano was $56 million in 1914. that was more than double the sales of phonographs. In 1919, five ears later, sales of record players hit $158 million. Radio soon eclipsed that. By World War 1. pianos were no longer an essential element of every living room. By 1933, two-thirds of American homes bad at least one radio. Name another creative destruction. 2. As mentioned by Stephen. it was terrible news for the people working in the piano industry. But the workers involved in the musical recording and broadcasting industries could benefit from this creative destruction So in your example in Qi, who do you think could benefit from the technological innovation. 3. There are two types of industries, labor intensive versus capital intensive. Give me some examples for each one, and which do you expect will be affected more by the creative destruction? Explain in one or two sentences.
Solution
Example of Capital intensive Libraries to E-Library, For Libraries it requires lots of space, Multiple copies of same book, take care of books but in case of E-Library books required in Soft forms, no requirement to have multiple copies, Ease to use.
.
Problem 9-11A Time Value of Money Concept The following situations inv.docx
Problem 9-11A Time Value of Money Concept
The following situations involve the application of the time value of money concept:
1. Jan Cain deposited $19,500 in the bank on January 1, 1995, at an interest rate of 12% compounded annually. How much has accumulated in the account by January1, 2012?
2. Mark Schultz deposited $43,200 in the bank on January 1, 2002. On January 2, 2012, this deposit has accumulated to $84,974. Interest is compounded annually on the account. What rate of interest did Mark earn on the deposit?
3. Les Hinckle made a deposit in the bank on January 1, 2005. The bank pays interest at the rate of 8% compounded annually. On January 1, 2012, the deposit has accumulated to $30,000. How much money did Les originally deposit on January 1, 2005?
4. Val Hooper deposited $11,600 in the bank on January 1 a few years ago. The bank pays an interest rate of 10% compounded annually, and the deposit is now worth $30,052. For how many years has the deposit been invested?
Solution
Following are the solutions using the compund interest formula
Amount= P(1+R) n
1 Amount=19500(1+.12) 17
.=$133,887
2.84,974=43200(1+r) 10
r=7%
3. 30,000=P(1+.08) 8
P=$16,200 (appx)
4. 30,052=11,600(1+.10) n
n=10 years
.
Problem 5- -9 points- A red laser of wavelength 670 nm is directed thr.docx
Problem 5: [9 points] A red laser of wavelength 670 nm is directed through a pair of identical slits of finite width, producing an interference pattern on a screen (shown below). The distance separating the slits and screen is 1.50 m and the distance shown in the picture is as measured by a ruler on the screen. 2.0 cm Estimate both the spacing d between the centers of the slits and the width a of each individua! slit.
Solution
From the picture it is clear that there are 11 bright fringe in central maxima. Hence, m=6 (i.e. 5,4,3,2,1,0,-1,-2,-3,-4,-5).
Given that,
Fringe width (F) = 2 cm = 0.02 m
Screen distance (D)= 1.5 m
Wave length (L) = 670 nm
Width of slit (a)= a
Separation between slit (d) = d
We know,
F = LD/d => d= LD/F = 670nm*1.5/0.02 = 5.025 × 10^-5m
Also,
Sin© ~ ©=L/a , and m = d×Sin©/L = dש/L
Hence, m = (d/L)×(L/a) = d/a
Henceforth, a = d/m = (5.025 × 10^-5)/6 = 8.375 × 10^-6 m
.
Problem 3-32 Internal and Sustainable Growth Rates (LG3-6) Use the fol.docx
Problem 3-32 Internal and Sustainable Growth Rates (LG3-6)
Use the following financial statements for Lake of Egypt Marina, Inc.
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and
amortization (EBITDA)
Calculate the internal and sustainable growth rate for Lake of Egypt Marina, Inc. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
Solution
Internal growth rate
=return on assets * (1- dividend payout ratio) / [1 -( retrun on assets * (1-dividend payout ratio)]
2015
Internal growth rate= 0.17 * ( 1 -1/2.123) / 1- [0.17 * ( 1 -1/2.123)]
= (0.17 * 0.53) / 1 - (0.17 * 0.53)
= 0.0901 / (1 - 0.0901)
= 0.0901 / 0.9099
= 9.9%
Note:- 2015
return on assets = Net income / average total assets
= 143 / (785 + 910)/2
= 143 / 847.5
=0.17
.
Problem 11-6A Problem 11-6A Irwin Corporation has been au.docx
Problem 11-6A
Solution
Solution :
Journal Entries in the books of Irwin Corporation as at December 31, 2015 -
(1) Issuance of preferred stock for land.
Dr Land 141,800
Cr Preferred Stock 125,000
Cr Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value
.
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