Prion diseases are progressive neurodegenerative disorders that affect both humans and animals. They are caused by abnormally folded proteins called prions and are diagnosed through microscopic examination of brain tissue, MRI scans, or analysis of spinal fluid or brain waves. Symptoms in humans include rapidly developing dementia, difficulty walking and speaking, hallucinations, and muscle stiffness. Some examples of prion diseases are scrapie in sheep, mad cow disease in cattle, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. There are no known cures for prion diseases.

3. How do the abnormal PROTIENS are
diagnosed without having a Nucleic Acids
???????

4. Overview :-
 Symptoms of prion disease
 How are diagnosed
 Diseases in Animals
 Diseases in Humans
 Cure
 Prevention

5. Symptoms of prion disease :-
Rapidly developing DEMENTIA
Difficulty in walking
Hallucination
Muscle stiffness
Confusion
Fatigue
Difficulty in speaking

6. Howarepriondiseasesdiagnosed??????
 There is no Blood test to detect its presence
 Only some methods :-
1. Microscopic Examination of Brain Tissue
2. MRI scans of the brain
3. Samples of the fluid from spinal cord
4. Electroencephalogram , which analyze brain waves

7. Prion’s diseases :-
humans Animals
 KURU disease
 CJD
 GSS
 FFI
 Scrapie
 Mad cow disease
 Chronic wasting disease

8. Scrapie :-
 Intense itching to
make sheep scrap off
their wool
 A natural
progressive brain
disease

9. Mad cow disease:-
 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
 Cattle experience progressive degeneration of nervous
system
 Affected animal show changes in temperament , aggression ,
abnormal posture
 take 2 weeks to 6 months

12.  IN 1992/ 93 1,80,000 sheep affected
 4.4 million cattle were slaughtered
 In 1995 , 178 deaths
 1 In 2000 people in uk is carrier

13. Chronic wasting disease :-
 Neurological disease
 In deer , elk and moose
 cause emaciation , abnormal behavior ,loss of
bodily function and death

15. Kuru’s disease :-
 Means “ TREMBLING ”
 Lose the ability to walk , talk
or see

16. cooking does not effect it cause it
can survive 200 c temperature for 1-
2 hours

17. Mad cow disease In humans :-
 known as Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
 caused by BSE of animals
 Fatal neurodegenerative disease
 seizures , dementia and incoordination
 Die within 6 to 12 months after symptoms appear

19. GSS disease :-
o Gerstmann-Straussler -Scheinker
o Fatal Neurodegenerative disease
o From 20 to 60 age
o Weakness in legs , Poor reflexes ,
Slowness of thought process , Deafness ,
Abnormal eye movement , Slurred speech

20. Alzheimer disease
is a double prion
disorder

21. Ffi disease :-
 Fatal Familial Insomnia
 Rare degenerative brain
disorder
 Inability to sleep
 Which worsen leading to
physical and mental
deterioration
 effect involuntary body
processes such as regulation
of heart rate ,sweating ,
breathing , and body
temperature

22. Interesting information:-
 Familial 15%
GSS , FFI
 Sporadic 85%
CJD
 Infectious rare
KURU ,BSE

23. “ There is no cure of prions diseases
“

24. Prevention :-
 Proper sterilization of medical
equipment's
 If you have CJD then don’t donate
organs or tissues

25. ANY QUESTION
????