Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. 2 Discussion posts: PLEASE REPLY Requirement APA format with intext citation Word count minimum of 150 words per post References at least one high-level scholarly reference per post within the last 5 years in APA format. Plagiarism free. Turnitin receipt. DISCUSSION POST # 1 Betsy A 78 year old male presents with diagnosis of heart failure Heart failure arises because of myriad issues, and it is characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood effectively, making it unable to meet the body’s requirements. According to Malik et al. (2022), the condition can arise from any disorder that impairs ventricular filling or the ejection of blood to systemic circulation. There are also other triggering factors of heart failure, such as diabetes and other congenital heart diseases. Symptoms of Patients and the Patho Principles Heart failure as a disease can present acutely as a consequence of acute myocardial infarction or hypertensive emergency or, in other cases, in patients with stable heart failure symptoms for months which can also decompensate acutely (Schwinger, 2021). The acute decompensation of chronic heart failure is one of the most common forms of clinical presentation of acute heart failure. Hypertrophy and Heart Failure After the onset of heart failure it is preceded by cardiac hypertrophy which is a response to the hearts increased workload (Schwinger, 2021). Hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in cardiomyocte size and the thickening of the ventricular walls.  Ischemic Disease One of the most causes of heart failure is an ischemic disease, and in most cases, it is attributed to coronary artery disease. According to Severino et al. (2020), ischemia can lead to heart failure as such, I believe the patient requires to undergo further testing to determine if the patient has the ischemic disease, thereby ruling out the possibility of having other conditions that might lead to heart failure. Virchow’s Triad According to Kushner et al. (2021), Virchow’s triad comprises three factors that can predispose an individual to the development of venous thrombosis with the factors including stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability. Rudolf Virchow is accredited in examining venous thrombosis to a cellular level since the physician believed that most diseases are caused by cellular pathology. DISCUSSION POST # 2 Ella The Mayo Clinic defines ...

1. Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private
use only. No part of this book may be reproduced
or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators
will be prosecuted.
Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private
use only. No part of this book may be reproduced
or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators
will be prosecuted.
Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private
use only. No part of this book may be reproduced
or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators
will be prosecuted.
2 Discussion posts: PLEASE REPLY
Requirement
APA format with intext citation
Word count minimum of 150 words per post
References at least one high-level scholarly reference per post
within the last 5 years in APA format.
Plagiarism free.
Turnitin receipt.
DISCUSSION POST # 1 Betsy

2. A 78 year old male presents with diagnosis of heart failure
Heart failure arises because of myriad issues, and it is
characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood effectively,
making it unable to meet the body’s requirements. According to
Malik et al. (2022), the condition can arise from any disorder
that impairs ventricular filling or the ejection of blood to
systemic circulation. There are also other triggering factors of
heart failure, such as diabetes and other congenital heart
diseases.
Symptoms of Patients and the Patho Principles
Heart failure as a disease can present acutely as a consequence
of acute myocardial infarction or hypertensive emergency or, in
other cases, in patients with stable heart failure symptoms for
months which can also decompensate acutely (Schwinger,
2021). The acute decompensation of chronic heart failure is one
of the most common forms of clinical presentation of acute
heart failure.
Hypertrophy and Heart Failure
After the onset of heart failure it is preceded by cardiac
hypertrophy which is a response to the hearts increased
workload (Schwinger, 2021). Hypertrophy is characterized by
an increase in cardiomyocte size and the thickening of the
ventricular walls.
Ischemic Disease
One of the most causes of heart failure is an ischemic disease,
and in most cases, it is attributed to coronary artery disease.
According to Severino et al. (2020), ischemia can lead to heart
failure as such, I believe the patient requires to undergo further
testing to determine if the patient has the ischemic disease,
thereby ruling out the possibility of having other conditions that
might lead to heart failure.
Virchow’s Triad
According to Kushner et al. (2021), Virchow’s triad comprises
three factors that can predispose an individual to the
development of venous thrombosis with the factors including
stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability. Rudolf

3. Virchow is accredited in examining venous thrombosis to a
cellular level since the physician believed that most diseases are
caused by cellular pathology.
DISCUSSION POST # 2 Ella
The Mayo Clinic defines heart failure as— sometimes known as
congestive heart failure occurs when the heart muscle doesn't
pump blood as well as it should. When this happens, blood often
backs up and fluid can build up in the lungs, causing shortness
of breath (Mayo Clinic, 2021). Heart failure manifestation and
symptoms are classified according to its form, like acute heart
failure or chronic heart failure. Heavy breathing, chest pain,
heart palpitations, and edema are some symptoms manifested in
acute heart failure, all are suddenly and are severe from the
beginning. With the right treatment patient with acute heart
failure have a better prognosis and symptoms are manageable.
With chronic heart failure the manifestation is gradually and
symptoms tents to get more intense as it progresses.
The heart adapts to a sustained increase in blood pressure, or a
sustained increase in blood volume, by increasing cardiac
muscle mass and this growth in myocardium is broadly defined
as cardiac hypertrophy (Oldfield et al., 2020). There are two
types of cardiac hypertrophy, there is the pathological and the
physiological. In physiological hypertrophy, we see an increase
in cardiac mass, which we can observe more in athletes because
of their high level of intensity during their exercise routine, but
it does not cause them any heart problems, for example. Then
there is the pathological one, which is when the heart shows a
deterioration in contractility and this functional deterioration of
the ventricles are some causes of heart failure.
Yes, I could say that the patient has ischemic heart disease,
because it is one cause seen most frequently in patients with
heart failure. The patient may have a history of arteriosclerosis,
which causes ischemic heart disease.
The pathologist Rudolf Virchow was the one who first described
the pathology of venous thrombi over 100 years ago and

4. according to (Kushner et al., 2021),Virchow's triad consists of
three factors that may predispose a person to the development
of venous thrombosis. These factors include:
Hypercoagulability, Stasis and Endothelial injury. These
thrombi are formed, for example, when there is an accumulation
of platelets. This problem can be partly hereditary or because of
other problems such as hormone therapy, pregnancy, surgery,
blood disorders, obesity, and atherosclerosis.