Education aims to develop students holistically in body, mind and spirit. Principles of education include social, mental and physical development as well as character building. Special education provides specially designed instruction to meet the unique needs of students with disabilities or exceptionalities. Principles of special education include zero reject policies, ensuring appropriate education, educating students with disabilities alongside non-disabled students when possible, and involving parents and students in the education process. Inclusive education refers to including all students in regular classrooms regardless of abilities and providing support so that both general and special education teachers can handle an inclusive class.

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PRINCIPLES
OF
EDUCATION /
SPECIAL EDUCATION/
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

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EDUCATION

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Definition
“Education is the creation of a sound mind
in a sound body.”
Aristotle
“By Education I mean an all round drawing
out of the best in child and man – body,
mind and spirit.”
Mahatma Gandhi

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PRINCIPLES OF
EDUCATION

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1. Social Development
2. Mental Development
3. physical devlpmnt
4. Education defines character to include
thinking, feeling and doing.
5. Education provides students with
opportunity for moral action.

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5. Education offers a meaningful and
challenging academic curriculum that
helps them to succeed.
6. Education learns by experience.
7. Education is a process by which the child
makes its internal external
8. provides ability to earn

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SPECIAL EDUCATION

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Special education means specially designed
instruction which meets the unique needs of
an exceptional child.
Education of children with MR began by
French physician Dr. Itard (1775-1855) to
educate an 11 yrs. Boy found living as
savage in woods.

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PRINCIPLES OF SPECIAL
EDUCATION

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• Rule against excluding any student
• Cannot exclude no matter how severe the
disability
1. ZERO REJECT

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• Cannot exclude children who have
contagious diseases from education with
other students unless there is a high risk that
the contagious student will infect other
students
• Also a zero reject law for adults with
disabilities -- Americans with Disabilities
Act, (ADA), enacted in 1990

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2. APPROPRIATE EDUCATION
• The IEP must
– be reviewed periodically, but not less than
annually, to determine whether the annual goals
for the child are being met
– must include present levels of educational
performance, including how the disability
affects the child’s involvement and progress in
the general curriculum

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• Rule requiring schools to educate students
with disabilities with nondisabled students
to the maximum extent appropriate
• School may not remove student from
general education unless he/she cannot be
educated successfully there
3. ENVIRONMENT

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– Neighborhood schools -- many parents
want students with disabilities to be
educated in their neighborhood schools

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• Rule requiring schools to collaborate with
parents and adolescent students in designing
and carrying out special education programs
4. PARENT AND STUDENT
PARTICIPATION

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5. Right to Education
6. Special Needs
7. Special Educators

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INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

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Inclusive education means welcoming
all children, without discrimination, into
regular or ordinary schools. It refers to
the process of educating all children in
their neighborhood school, regardless of
the nature of disabilities.
Students follow the same schedule as
their classmates in academic class.

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PRINCIPLES OF
INCLUSIVE
EDUCATION

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1. Teaching All Students
Educators should take several different
approaches to teaching the same material so
that information becomes more interesting to a
greater number of students.
2. Exploring Multiple Identities
Students who are proud of themselves and
excited by the world around them will be
more compassionate and understanding
people; the same is true for educators.

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3. Promoting Social Justice
Students are good judges of what is fair,
especially when they are affirmatively
challenged to consider issues of social
justice. Educators should talk to them about
issues of social justice and injustice in terms
of fair versus unfair, respectful versus
disrespectful.

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4. Teaching and Learning About Cultures
and Religions
Educators should create curiosity and
expand students’ horizons by teaching about
others in a positive manner. Students should
have the opportunity to learn from their
peers as well as other cultures.

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5. Support and Preparation
Support should be given to both special and
general education teachers so that they can
handle an inclusive class.
6. Active Participation
Sports, Eating at the dinning hall and Other
extra-curricular activities are active
participation. Special-needs students must
be encouraged to participate in these
activities together with their fellow
students. Students' needs should be based
on their individual skills and interests.

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7. Universality in Education
This means that curriculum for regular students
should not be different from students with
disabilities. This will ensure that all students learn
the same values and acquire knowledge on an
equal basis. Importantly, all students ought to take
part in assessments and evaluations. To
accommodate learning styles and needs of
students, assignments and evaluations can be
modified as well.

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THANKS