Primate Cities: Mexico City

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Mexico City is disproportionately large compared to other cities in Mexico, with over twice the population of the next largest city. As the cultural and political center of Mexico, it is the hub for national economics and development. While Mexico City solves some problems as the primate city, it also creates many issues and its size presents mixed outcomes as a national economic strategy.

Primate Cities: Case Study
of Mexico City
Positive and Negative Impacts on a
Country’s Economy
Magnitude: Disproportionately large
population; Over 2 times larger than
next largest city in country
Significance: Cultural and political
center; Hub for national economics
and development

Colonial Castle in Urban Park Upscale Hotels Palace of Fine Arts
Main Cathedral/Plaza
Stock Market

National Museum of Art Palace of Fine Arts
National Archives

Xochimilco
(Chinampas)
UNESCO World Heritage Site

“The Earth you walk on pilgrim is
sacred…on this mountain springs
two streams, symbols of the
valiant Aztec race and the Spanish
Missionaries, that submissively
were united at the feet of MARY,
mother and forger of the Mexican
patria.”

Tenochtitlán-Interior Drainage 1631-1635
Import water, export waste

1872 Railroad
National project
Later connections
to USA

Centennial Celebration
“[the majority of Mexicans are]
individuals of the white race, Europeans
and some mixed with European and
indigenous blood; the Indians are now
very few in number…”

Conclusions
• Primate cities are seen as “too big to fail”
• Primate cities solve about as many problems
as they create
• Mixed bag as a national economic strategy

The document summarizes a master plan for a new township development near Indore, India with the following key points: - The plan was developed for a 220 acre site intended to house an initial population of 40,000 people. The master plan divided the site into sectors with a central commercial and institutional spine and mixed land uses. - Housing was provided for a range of income groups, with lower income housing located centrally and higher income housing along perimeter roads. Basic infrastructure like roads, water, sewage was provided to each housing plot. - The envisioned built form took cues from traditional local architecture, with low-rise, high density development and continuity of built edges to encourage community interaction while providing privacy

Upal Ghosh

guest61bdfc

Upalghosh Associates is an architecture firm founded in 1981 by Upal Ghosh. The firm takes a collaborative approach, ensuring continuity of design ideas and client relationships throughout projects. The firm's philosophy is to design functional and efficient spaces that satisfy client needs and are completed on time and budget. The firm's services include architecture, engineering, planning, and interior design.

water efficient fixtures

Sina Khalilifard

IRJET- An Automated Waste Collection System by using of Trash Chute for H...

IRJET Journal

This document describes an automated waste collection system (AWCS) used for high-rise residential buildings. The system uses pneumatic tubes and vacuum pressure to transport waste from trash chutes to an underground collection point. Waste is then sorted and transported to disposal or recycling facilities. Key components include trash chutes on each floor connected to pneumatic pipes. Computers control the system to collect waste multiple times per day. The AWCS aims to improve sanitation, reduce manual waste handling, and enable easier recycling compared to traditional waste collection methods.

What is Choking Delhi -Air pollution Causes & Solution

Shailesh Vickram Singh

Tour 2012

Hamzah Meraj, Faculty of Architecture, Jamia Millia Islamia, New delhi

The document summarizes key architectural features of buildings in Fort Kochi, Kerala. It describes how the buildings in Fort Kochi were originally residential but have been converted to guesthouses and shops as tourism increased. It then provides details on St. Francis Church, the oldest European church in India built in 1503 with a Portuguese architectural style. It also summarizes the Santa Cruz Basilica, originally built by the Portuguese and later reconstructed. Finally, it describes the Centre for Development Studies campus designed by Laurie Baker using sustainable materials and techniques that follow the natural contours of the land.

Brigade residences at wtc case study

ArVishnujp

Goverdhan eco village

Sumama Smm

1) Residential buildings in Jammu and Kashmir historically used local materials like mud, wood and bricks with thatched roofs to retain heat and protect from natural disasters, while modern homes use concrete, bricks, aluminum and have sloped tin roofs. 2) Monumental buildings like Pari Mahal from the 1600s were constructed by rulers for various purposes and used for astronomy, with six terraces and arch structures. 3) Commercial buildings are designed to bear heavy loads and withstand floods or fires, using beams, columns and multi-story concrete floors, with roofs of iron and tin sheets. Examples include the floating houseboats on Dal Lake. 4) Institutional buildings for schools

Housing and Urbanization

APIEDPratikPatel

- The book addresses issues of housing and urbanization through various projects designed by Charles Correa over 40 years. It presents projects ranging from small weekend houses to entire townships. - A key theme is responding to climate - in India, built forms were designed to create natural ventilation and "climatic controls" before air conditioning. The Tube House project exemplifies this with its narrow form and openings to induce air flow. - Later projects also explore themes of density, open space, and adapting modernism to local contexts. The book shows how Correa's approach connected micro and macro details in an iterative design process.

Fire safety as per National Building Code-2016

Arpit Vyas

This document discusses fire safety as per the National Building Code of India 2016. It defines fire hazards and the fire triangle, explaining the three elements (fuel, oxygen, ignition source) needed for a fire to start. It classifies different fire types (A, B, C, D, K) based on common fuel sources. It also discusses important fire safety terminology like flammable, combustible, down-comer, dry/wet riser, fire resistance rating. Building planning considerations for fire prevention include use of non-combustible materials, fire-rated staircases and lift lobbies, and fire escapes.

Develpment contols chandigarh, periphery control pb laws

JIT KUMAR GUPTA

The document discusses development controls in Chandigarh, India. It describes: 1) The Punjab New Capital (Periphery) Control Act of 1952 which established a 16 km periphery around Chandigarh to regulate development and prevent unplanned growth. 2) The various development controls used in Chandigarh to regulate land use, building construction, architectural styles, density, heights, and more. This includes zoning, architectural controls, frame controls, setback requirements, and others. 3) How these controls have helped create Chandigarh's renowned planning and architecture by guiding development, curbing misuse of land, and promoting orderly growth of the built environment.

Hilly Vernacular Architecture (Himachal Pradesh)

Chandan Gupta

Kath-Kuni is an indigenous construction technique prevalent in the isolated hills of northern India, especially in the region of Himachal Pradesh where it's known as "Kath Kuni" and in Uttarakhand it's known as "Koti Banal". It is a traditional technique that has been orally transmitted from one generation to another.[1] The construction was devised keeping the seismic activity, topography, environment, climate, native materials and cultural landscape in perspective. Most of the oldest temples, in the region, are built using this ancient system. This unique construction technique has led to the formation of a vernacular architectural prototype was known as Kath-Kuni (cator and cribbage) architecture. It has much in common with other local styles outside India in the Himalayas. The lower parts of a building are very solidly constructed, including lots of stone. The upper parts may be entirely made of wood. Vernacular architecture is architecture characterized by the use of local materials and knowledge, usually without the supervision of professional architects. Vernacular architecture represents the majority of buildings and settlements created in pre-industrial societies and includes a very wide range of buildings, building traditions, and methods of construction. Vernacular buildings are typically simple and practical, whether residential houses or built for other purposes. Although it encompassed 95% of the world's built environment in 1969, Vernacular architecture tends to be overlooked in traditional histories of design. It is not one specific style, so it cannot be distilled into a series of easy-to-digest patterns, materials, or elements. Because of the usage of traditional building methods and local builders, vernacular buildings are considered part of regional culture. Vernacular architecture can be contrasted against elite or polite architecture which is characterized by stylistic elements of design intentionally incorporated for aesthetic purposes that go beyond a building's functional requirements. This article also covers the term traditional architecture, which exists somewhere between the two extremes yet still is based upon authentic themes. Himachal Pradesh is a state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is one of the eleven mountain states and is characterized by an extreme landscape featuring several peaks and extensive river systems. Himachal Pradesh shares borders with the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh to the north, and the states of Punjab to the west, Haryana to the southwest, and Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh to the south. The state also has a border with the autonomous region of Tibet to the east.

St Andrew's Primary School Multi Purpose Hall | Case Study

BaldassoCortese

The new multi-purpose hall at St Andrew's Primary School replaces an outdoor basketball court, shelter shed, and stand of gum trees. It was designed to maintain strong indoor/outdoor connections between the hardcourt play area to the west and the grassed playing oval to the east via tilt up doors and amenities accessible from both inside and outside. The design references the trees it replaced through an embossed concrete panel pattern and routed wall pattern derived from tree growth rings. The materiality of concrete and timber relate to the school's hard court and green space interfaces.

Aam Khas Bagh Sarai, Punjab

Hrishi Desai

The Aam Khas Bagh was initially built by Mughal emperor Akbar as a highway inn for common people and royalty traveling between Delhi and Lahore. Shah Jahan later rebuilt it and it was used as a stop for the royal couple on their trips. Jahangir also made some additions. It fell into disrepair after repeated wars in the 18th century damaged its structures and filled in its tanks and waterways. The complex had several buildings like the Sarad Khana cooling chamber, Daulat Khana palace, hamam, and tank, and was known for its intricate water supply network of fountains and channels.

Project Himurja Office Building, Shimla

arvindkrishan

ANCHORUNG THE HARBOUR (FISHING AND MARKETING PORT).pdf

Atharv Mehta

.1 Background – India is the world’s fourth largest fishing nation, accounting for over4.39% of the global output and with a longest costal line of 8118 km. Maharashtra has 720Km coastline and it has fifth place in marine fish production after Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, West Bengal and Gujarat. Out of this Harnai is giving a markable contribution through its harbors time onwards it has been using as a fish landing center on fair weather conditions. The fishing scene had fallen into bad times from its heydays in the 1970s, when fishermen in Thrissur used to come to sell their catch. It lost out largely because the mode of fishing changed from eight-man catamarans to 40-menand engine-powered trawlers and fiber boats. Now, workers say that hardly100 boxes of fish are sold at the fish-landing center. Presently the fisher man community over here is depending on Harbour which is already overloaded. So Harbour engineering department planned to construct a break water that facilitates all whether fish landing. The facility is meant to be an addition to the harbours in the district with its close proximity to the city. The Harbour site is hardly 8km away from the Dapoli bus station and is next to the main coastal road of the city. The Harnai Harbour is considered as a major step to revive the sizeable fishing community . The facility is meant to be an addition to the harbors in the district with its close proximity to the city. It consist of two phases of development. The first phase is under construction include the construction of the two breakwaters, a wharf, auction hall, and vehicle-parking areas. The Second phase is to be drafted which includes the related infrastructure that promote fishing industry and tourism. 1.2 Introduction- It’s project under Harbour engineering department Harnai which aims at enabling Vellayil as an all whether fish landing center. The neighboring Dabhol Harbour is designed for 250 boats and presently around 600 boats are coming there lacking 7 facilities. As Harbour is a major public space where a lot of people come it should stand iconic. Fishing ports and fish landing sites are complex dynamic interface zones involving mixing of environmental, ecological, economic and social activities and problems. This heterogeneous mix of activities demands strong cross- sector interaction at the planning stage to ensure that the resulting infrastructure may be managed in a sustainable manner. With respect to the relevance of the topic analyzed, Aim of the report is formulated i.e. what is the outcome of the report.

Plotted housing aniruddh jain 2.5

Aniruddh Jain

The document discusses the planned community of Radburn, New Jersey. It was developed in 1929 based on plans by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright that separated vehicular and pedestrian traffic to promote safety. The community includes 469 single-family homes, townhouses, duplexes, and apartments on 149 acres with significant interior parks and recreational amenities. Governance is through the Radburn Association, which collects fees to maintain common areas and enforce covenants.

Case Study : Post Tsunami Housing in Kirinda by Shigeru Ban

baburajiv2007

The document summarizes a post-tsunami housing project in Kirinda, Sri Lanka designed by Japanese architect Shigeru Ban. 67 houses were constructed using locally sourced materials like compressed earth blocks and timber to be affordable and suitable for the tropical climate. Key design elements included cross ventilation, a central courtyard, and doors separating public and private spaces for women's privacy. However, some residents found issues with privacy, weather protection, and encouraging use of new materials. The project highlights the need to carefully consider local customs, climate, and educating residents when introducing new designs.

Uttam chand jain

Archistudent Portal

Uttam Chand Jain is an Indian architect born in 1934 who received honors from IIT Kharagpur in 1958. He established his own practice in 1961 and has designed many institutional, commercial, and residential buildings. His designs reflect the local heritage and use local materials like sandstone. Some of his notable projects include the Jodhpur University campus buildings and the Indira Gandhi Institute of Research and Development which feature courtyard planning and minimize heat through thick walls. He emphasizes contextually appropriate designs and minimizing the use of steel and cement.

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY BUILDING(Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban) DHAKA, BANGLADESH (1).pptx

DarshiThakker1

Milan, Italy - The study of city pattern

School of Planning and Architecture

Urban Brownfield Redevelopment - Case Descriptions

Johnny Browaeys - 庄博闻

World one (Lodha Tower)

Nikunj Rathod

KATH-KUNI HOUSING

KeerthireddyNussi

Guidelines for primary school 01

Dhiraj Salhotra

vernacular architecture of kerala

Ajith M M

Vernacular architecture refers to structures built by local people using traditional designs and materials from their region. Indian vernacular architecture can be classified into kachcha, pukka, and semi-pukka based on the materials used. Kachcha uses natural materials like mud and grass that require maintenance, while pukka uses durable materials like stone and brick. Semi-pukka combines both styles. Vernacular architecture can be studied through functional, ethnographic, sociological, geographic, and anthropological approaches. Key features of Kerala vernacular include dimensional standardization in temple construction and influences from temple architecture on domestic designs that evolved based on climate and available materials.

Space in Rural, Suburban, Urban Area.

Julie How

(1) Rural spaces are typically private residential areas arranged irregularly surrounded by nature, with few public spaces like mini markets and parks. Suburban spaces feature privately-owned residential buildings but also public amenities like shopping malls. (2) Urban spaces have many public commercial, office and civic buildings concentrated in central business districts, with cultural attractions that make cities busy hubs. (3) Parking varies from private vehicle placement in rural areas to public lots and underground garages in cities.

Christaller’S Central Place Theory

Ecumene

Christaller's Central Place Theory and Reilly's Law of Retail Gravitation describe models for how settlements are arranged and influence each other. Christaller's theory proposes that settlements will be arranged in a hexagonal pattern with higher-order settlements further apart and providing services with a higher threshold and range. Reilly's law uses gravitational models to determine breaking points where customers are equally drawn to two settlements based on their populations and distance. However, both models rely on unrealistic assumptions and do not perfectly predict human behavior or reflect real-world conditions. While not fully realistic, the theories can still provide some guidance for planning.

CentralPlaceJF

Joel Friebe

This document discusses central place theory in economic geography. It begins by providing background on the discipline of economic geography and its focus on the spatial aspects of economic activity. It then explains central place theory, originally introduced by Walter Christaller in 1933, which attempts to explain the size, nature, and spacing of cities as central places supplying goods to surrounding populations based on the classification of goods into higher and lower orders. It provides an example of how central place theory applied to the town of Monroe, WA. The document discusses factors that can influence the distribution of central places and ends by discussing the implications of economic geography for fields like urban planning, tourism, and public policy.