The document discusses New York City's history as a center of world trade and immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It notes that by 1860 over a million people lived in New York, the greatest number of rich and poor living together in one area in history. The Great Depression hit New York hard, with thousands protesting and Hoovervilles appearing in Central Park. The document also discusses the massive transatlantic migration from 1870-1914 that saw over 23 million immigrants enter the US, predominantly from Europe and settling in large numbers in New York City.

1. Jacqueline MougelNew York City: The Crossroad of World Trade

2. Sunshine & ShadowsPeople stack one on top of each otherAgainst all health & safety lawsCentral Park- social placeGreat democratic meeting groundMemorial to naval deadAngle of the Wars= symbol of the healing power of nature

3. Sunshine and ShadowsRich & Poor visit Central Park- all classes & racesNo other city dedicated that amount of land for a park1860-million people living in New York1865-greatest number of rich & poor living in one area in history2 split cities- rich & poorStarving children, bad traffic

4. Sunshine and ShadowsPoverty- seen as personal problem- own faultNew York- richest city in WorldNew York Stock ExchangeIndustrial Revolution-World of StreamNew York Central Station NY based on making moneyPeople living above their meansPeople tried to buy up all the gold to control nation’s economy

5. City of TomorrowThe Great DepressionBefore: Fewer than 2 million unemployed in AmericaAfter:13 million depressionDomino Effect: industries fell one after anotherHoover Vills- camps in Central Park Thousands of protesters

6. City of TomorrowThought to only last 3 monthsPresident HooverPolitical officials took most of the money meant to help the poorCouldn’t make a mile of highway in NY

7. City of TomorrowJimmy Walker-mayor of New York borrowed moneyWalker Trials- mayor put on trial for taking moneyRoosevelt made sure Walker resigned or was firedHelped made him presidentReformers overtook city hallRobert Moses- reformer vs. Theodore Seedberry for mayor job of NY (WON)Seedberry- personal symbol of NY

8. A Merger That Puts New York on TopBy Mike CloughAmerica Online’s decision to buy Time Warner= New York will or will not dominate the new American global information economyRivals: Southern California, the Bay Area, & Redmond, WashingtonIndependence: Boston & Philadelphia was ahead of NYNew Orleans: challenger to become commercial center of nationNew York: Good location of port & growing capital marketsNY leader’s ability to envision the future path of national economy & develop strategies to put NY ahead

9. The Great Transatlantic Migrations1870-1914: US took largest number of immigrants in history- 23 million US- nation of immigrants1924: 5 ½ million foreigners went to Argentina, 4 ½ million to Canada (smaller population= immigration had a larger impact on these nation than US)1914 Argentine: 1/3 foreign-born1914 US: 1/6 foreign-bornBrazil – 4 million Europeans, more Italian immigrants than US until 1900

10. The Great Transatlantic Migrations1870-1917: great transatlantic migration: flow of migrants to US from EuropeSteamships took Spanish workers to Argentinean construction sites, German peasant to homestead in Canada, Italian laborers to Brazilian coffee plantationsMigration of Chinese, Japanese, Indian workers to Fiji, Peru, CaliforniaSteamship travel, need for industrial labor force, opening of national borders= people to AmericaEuropeans: jobseeks

11. The Great Transatlantic MigrationsEuropean villages migrated in chains following relatives or neighborsEthnic enclaves replicated familiar ways in new settingWage-labor immigration was predominantly male1/3 immigrants returned unable to find workUS: sheer volume of immigration & diversity of sources3/5 of all European immigrants went to USUS developed the most vocal & powerful anit-immigrant movement in New WorldAnglo-Prostestant society feared dark skinned non- English Catholic & Jewish immigrants