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There are several ways proposed to reduce pollution from vehicles and waste, including promoting carpooling and public transportation to reduce vehicles, enforcing laws against open burning, recycling waste materials, and planting more trees which absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
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This document contains a fieldwork report for a site surveying course. It details the process of conducting leveling using a dumpy level and staff to determine reduced levels at 10 locations around a campus. The key steps included:
1) Setting up the dumpy level and taking backsight and foresight readings at each location
2) Calculating reduced levels using the rise and fall method and height of collimation method
3) Adjusting the results based on a misclosure of -0.015m within the acceptable error range
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This document contains field data from a surveying exercise including stadia readings, horizontal angles, angular errors, distance and accuracy calculations, and coordinate adjustments. Stations A, B, C and D were surveyed and their coordinates were determined. Total angular error was found to be 29'30" which is unacceptable. Angular corrections were applied and distances, latitudes, departures and final coordinates were computed. The accuracy was calculated to be 1:127 which does not meet the required standard.
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1) Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the atmosphere that can harm living organisms or damage the environment.
2) There are several main types of air pollution including smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and depletion of the ozone layer. Indoor air pollution from activities like smoking or cooking can also be harmful.
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Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the atmosphere that can harm living organisms or damage the environment. It can be found both outdoors from sources like vehicle and industrial emissions, as well as indoors from indoor sources. The effects of air pollution include respiratory diseases, acid rain, and contributing to the greenhouse effect. Methods for reducing air pollution include using public transportation, alternative energy sources, and increasing social awareness about air pollution prevention.
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Air pollution
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the atmosphere that cause harm. There are several main types of air pollution including smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and depletion of the ozone layer. Air pollution affects human health in both short and long term ways and poses risks especially to children, the elderly, and those with preexisting heart and lung conditions. Efforts like reducing vehicle use, opting for cleaner energy sources, minimizing waste burning, and recycling can help address the sources of air pollution.
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This document provides information about a Level 1 Award in Environmental Awareness. By the end of the session, learners will understand common environmental terminology, be aware of the impact of environmental change, understand resource efficiency, and identify ways to reduce environmental impacts. Learners will define terms related to climate change, ecological footprints, carbon management, and sustainable development. They will also identify key features of climate change science, ecological footprints, and major impacts of environmental change. Finally, learners will discuss ways to reduce consumption, reuse resources, identify recyclable materials, and reasons for business resource efficiency.
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- Smog forms when emissions from vehicles, power plants, industries and other sources react with sunlight. It looks like thick yellowish-black fog and affects visibility. Smog causes respiratory illnesses and premature
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Air pollution occurs when harmful substances are introduced into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic and natural sources. Major air pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, ground-level ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and volatile organic compounds. The top sources of air pollution are dust and construction, domestic cooking, waste burning, transport, diesel generators, and industries. Air pollution adversely affects human health, the environment, climate, ecosystems, agriculture, and the economy. Greenhouse gases from fuel combustion cause global climate change by trapping sun rays and increasing temperatures. The release of CFCs from products damages the stratospheric ozone layer. Methods to mitigate air pollution include developing new technologies, recycling, sustainable practices,
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2. Installing sheet piles over 18 days to prevent soil collapse during the 90-day excavation period.
3. Pouring the concrete mat foundation and inverse slab over 43 days after erecting formwork and reinforcement bars over 10 days. The foundation will cure for 7 days before dismantling forms over 8 days.
4. Constructing the heavy wall from elevation 72 to 95 feet over 28 days, including forming, reinforcing, pouring, and curing concrete sections.
Assignment 1 - Microsoft Project
The document outlines the schedule and dependencies for tasks in building a water pump station project. Key tasks include obtaining permits, installing utilities, driving sheet piles, excavation and tiebacks over 90 days, pouring the foundation and slab over 43 days, and constructing and waterproofing the walls. The individual is asked to build a precedence table and solve the initial network in MS Project, listing assumptions and identifying the critical path and Gantt chart.
Assignment - Financial Appraisal
This document outlines a group assignment for a development economics course. It includes details of the proposed development such as land size, number and type of units, and a financial appraisal. The development will include shop/office, terrace, and low-cost housing units totaling 164 units. The financial appraisal estimates construction costs, administrative costs, financing costs, and gross profit. Cash flow projections are provided for a "sell-then-build" approach, with monthly sales and construction progress outlined over a 12 month period.
Assignment - Financial Appraisal
The document provides information about a proposed mixed development project in Rawang, Selangor. It will consist of 26' x 80' double-storey shop/office lots, 22' x 75' double-storey terrace houses, and 20' x 60' double-storey low cost houses. Thirty percent of the development must be low cost houses, and fifteen percent must be shop/office lots. The developer obtained a loan to purchase the land three years ago and has since received development approvals. As the cost consultant, you must analyze the development, provide a financial appraisal using the residue method, and cash flow analysis under sell-then-build and build-then-sell concepts.
Assignment - FIDIC Contract
This document provides a group assignment analyzing the appropriate form of FIDIC contract for a construction project. It recommends using the FIDIC Red Book based on the client's requirements, including having full control of design and ability to make changes. Payment will be based on bills of quantities. The Red Book best fits the traditional procurement method preferred by the client and covers conditions regarding payment, contractual programming, termination, and dispute resolution relevant for the project.
Assignment - Report
The Vice-Chancellor of the Construction Management University is planning a RM400 million construction project to build a new Postgraduate Student Accommodation and Outreach Centre. A group of students has been assigned a project to advise the Vice-Chancellor on various legal and contractual issues regarding the project. Specifically, the students must propose an appropriate FIDIC form of contract for the project, analyze payment conditions, contractual programming, termination conditions, and dispute resolution methods in the chosen FIDIC contract. The students must also compare their analysis of the chosen FIDIC contract to either the PAM or JKR standard forms of contract. The report should not exceed 3000 words and is due by November 21st, 2018 for a grade worth
Seminar - CIPAA 2012
This document provides an overview of the Construction Industry Payment and Adjudication Act 2012 (CIPAA) in Malaysia. It discusses what CIPAA is, its main objectives to provide timely payment and dispute resolution in the construction industry, and the adjudication process for resolving payment disputes. Key points covered include that adjudication decisions are temporarily binding pending final resolution by arbitration or courts, KLRCA oversees the adjudication process and determines adjudicator standards and fees, and possible impacts of CIPAA include its long time frames compromising timely payment and respondents sometimes being disadvantaged.
Assignment - S Hotel (Presentation Slide)
Value management was conducted on an 11-storey hotel project that was 35% through the design stage. The 5-day workshop identified unnecessary costs and proposed alternative design solutions to improve value without affecting performance. Tools like fast diagrams, compound approaches, and cost reduction approaches were used. Space function analysis identified potential changes like enlarging the dining area. A priority matrix assessed options like changing to sound insulated doors and using precast hollow core slabs. Cost analysis found potential savings from proposals such as eliminating skylights and changing to LED lights. The value management study concluded identifying client requirements early improves value and is highly recommended.
Assignment - S Hotel
The value management study identified three key objectives: consider life cycle costs, increase building efficiency, and eliminate unnecessary functions. Various value management tools were used, including FAST diagrams and space functional analysis. This led to proposals like changing to precast hollow core slabs to reduce costs and solid wood doors in guest rooms to improve sound insulation. The study aimed to increase value for money for the hotel project while meeting budget constraints.
Assignment - Case Study Report
This document provides an assignment brief for a case study report on implementing value management in a construction project. Students are to prepare a value management study report on a chosen project. The report should include: an introduction outlining the primary purpose of the value management study, an executive summary of the project under study including a brief description and problem summary and the type of value management study undertaken. It also requires the results of any functional analysis or value management tools used, sketches showing proposed design changes, supporting technical data for alternatives, a cost plan or analysis, and an action plan to implement recommendations along with a conclusion and recommendations. The completed case study report and presentation are due by November 19th and will account for 30% of the total exam
Assignment - Journal
The document provides details of a student's community service project at an orphanage. It includes an introduction to the project, organization charts, timelines, meeting minutes, and descriptions of pre-event planning activities. The student and their peers visited Good Samaritan Homes orphanage in Klang, Malaysia to organize activities for the children living there. They divided responsibilities among teams and fundraised donations. The high-level purpose was for the students to conduct a meaningful community service activity and gain experience through engaging with the orphanage.
Assignment - Community Service
This document outlines a community service initiative for architecture students. It involves splitting 70 students into two groups to volunteer at an orphanage home or participate in experiential activities. Students will take on roles to plan and run role-playing games and career exposure activities for children ages 7-15. The 12-week project timeline includes selecting a beneficiary group, planning activities and games, preparing materials, the service visit, and presentations reflecting on the experience. Suggestions include preparing questionnaires and career information for the children.
Assignment - Final Account
This document contains a group assignment for a course on professional practice. It provides background on the group members and instructor. It then lists 4 questions for the assignment. Question 1 asks students to prepare a report explaining adjustments needed for the final account of a construction project. Question 2 asks about contractual implications of omitting an item from the tender document. Question 3 requires students to assess a contractor's final account application and prepare the final account based on provided valuations and adjustments. Question 4 asks students to explain how various variations would be finalized and priced in a final account.
Assignment - Report
This document contains information for a coursework assignment on preparing a final account for an apartment construction project. It provides background on the contract sum and nominated subcontractors' accounts. It also lists 4 questions for the assignment:
1) Explain adjustments needed for the final account;
2) Discuss implications of omitting an entrance porch from tender documents;
3) Complete the final account based on provided valuations and adjustments;
4) Explain how various variations would be finalized, including issues with insurance, computer equipment, a wash trough, and excavation rates.
Seminar - Partial Possession by Employer
Here are the key differences between Sectional Completion and Partial Possession:
Sectional Completion:
- Refers to completing different sections or phases of the overall works separately based on pre-agreed sectional completion dates.
- Allows the contractor to achieve practical completion for different sections at different times.
- Each section is treated as a separate contract with its own DLP, retention sums, etc.
Partial Possession:
- Refers to the employer taking possession of part of the completed works before overall practical completion.
- Can be done with or without the contractor's consent under certain conditions.
- The occupied part is deemed practically complete but the overall works contract remains.
- Effects like reduced
Seminar - Question
This document outlines the requirements for a group presentation assignment in a professional practice course. It will make up 15% of the final grade. Students will be assigned to groups of 3 and each group must do a 15 minute presentation on one of six topics related to quantity surveying, followed by a discussion of questions. Topics include construction disputes, delays and disputes, construction claims, partial possession by the employer, rights of setting off by the employer, and practical completion and penultimate certificate. The presentation will be assessed based on content, teamwork, organization, presentation skills, and handling of questions.
Assignment - MK Land
MK Land Holdings Berhad operates in multiple business segments including property development, leisure, education, and investment holding. It has developed various residential and commercial properties across Selangor, Perak, and Kedah. The company's leisure properties include hotels, resorts, and golf courses catering to domestic and international tourists. MK Land has also expanded into the education sector by establishing Lake View College, which offers diploma programs in nursing, occupational safety and health, and environment health. Property development remains the largest contributor to the company's revenue, with affordable housing comprising 65% of developed units. The company aims to continue growing its business across segments.
Assignment - Financial Analysis
The document provides guidelines for a group assignment to analyze the financial strength of MK Land Holdings Berhad, a property development company listed on Bursa Malaysia. Students are required to write a report not exceeding 3,000 words that includes: (1) a background of MK Land and its business segments, (2) an industry analysis, (3) an evaluation of MK Land's financial performance over the past three years using 17 financial ratios, and (4) conclusions and recommendations.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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- 1. Ways to reduce pollution To reduce number of vehicles on the road Carpooling Lesser carbon monoxide being reduce into the air Cleaner air & reduce air pollution Use public transportation Example: Bus, LRT,MRT. Stop open burning Government enforce the law Reduce open burning activities public will obey the rules Reduce waste Use eco-friendly product (recycle material) Example: Paper bag, tupperware etc Protect the environment classify & recycle rubbish into three category Reduce the disposal of the natural resources Plant more trees Decrease the level carbon dioxide in the air Trees will absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis Temperature become cooler There are three ways to reduce pollution such as reducing the number of vehicles on the road, stop open burning and planting more trees.