25th January 2016. Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on “Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”.
Background: Food losses, issue of aflatoxin, challenges, abbreviations followed by GIZ project activities:
Promotion of value chains and reduction of risk of aflatoxin contamination: by the “Green Innovation Centres for the Agriculture and Food Sector”, commissioned by BMZ Special Initiative “ONEWORLD – No Hunger!”.
Further (planned) activities to reduce post-harvest losses and possible aflatoxin contamination: by various projects worldwide
Aflasafe technology in Zambia: Upscaling and dissemination in other countries in Africa: by IITA/CGIAR - CCAFS, GIZ/ITAACC, Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation, USDA, PACA and other partners
Aflatoxin risk assessment as part of the Rapid Food Loss Assessment Tool (RLAT): by Sector Project Sustainable Agriculture (SV NAREN)
Presented by George Mahuku (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) at the Africa RISING - NAFAKA Scaling Project End-of-project phase Review Meeting, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 3-4 July 2017
Presented by George Mahuku (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) at the Africa RISING - NAFAKA Scaling Project End-of-project phase Review Meeting, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 3-4 July 2017
2030 Vision for the Global Food System: Implications for IndiaThe World Bank
What is India's role in a productive and resilient food system that can help feed the world? A plenary presentation at the 12th Agricultural Science Congress, Karnal, India.
Assessment of aflatoxin B1 contamination in maize and awareness of aflatoxins...ILRI
Presentation by Hu Suk Lee, Xuan Nguyen Thi Thanh, Thuy Nguyen Thi Thanh, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Johanna Lindahl and Delia Grace at the Ecohealth 2018 conference, Cali, Colombia, 15–18 August 2018.
Pakistan’s Multi-Sectoral Nutrition Strategy by Amna Ejaz, Research Analyst, IFPRI-Pakistan.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Anaemia Free India Focuusing on 12 gm Haemoglobin for Children , Girls & Wo...Lifecare Centre
ANAEMIA : its prevalence across age and gender group has increased. Aneamia has increased by 2-9% among children , Pregnant women and men according to data shared in the National Family health survey 5 (NFHS-5) released November 24, 2021
Anemia Free India Focuusing on 12 gm Haemoglobin for Children , Girls & Women : Dr Sharda Jain
WHEAT FLOUR FORTIFICATION STATUS IN PAKISTAN AND ENTREPRENEURIAL APPROACHESMalik Tariq Sarwar Awan
As Global Alliance for improved Nutrition is relaunching Wheat Flour Fortification Project in Pakistan with Pakistan Flour Mills Association and National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Pakistan. This was My presentation at two day training workshop for ENTERPRENEURSHIP APPROACH IN VALUE ADDED BAKED PRODUCTS.
The role of the Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA)Francois Stepman
The role of the Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA)
Amare Ayelew , Program Manager, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
Improving Food Safety in Africa
Brad Flett - Agricultural Research Council - Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom, RSA. President of the African Society of Mycotoxicology
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
2030 Vision for the Global Food System: Implications for IndiaThe World Bank
What is India's role in a productive and resilient food system that can help feed the world? A plenary presentation at the 12th Agricultural Science Congress, Karnal, India.
Assessment of aflatoxin B1 contamination in maize and awareness of aflatoxins...ILRI
Presentation by Hu Suk Lee, Xuan Nguyen Thi Thanh, Thuy Nguyen Thi Thanh, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Johanna Lindahl and Delia Grace at the Ecohealth 2018 conference, Cali, Colombia, 15–18 August 2018.
Pakistan’s Multi-Sectoral Nutrition Strategy by Amna Ejaz, Research Analyst, IFPRI-Pakistan.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Anaemia Free India Focuusing on 12 gm Haemoglobin for Children , Girls & Wo...Lifecare Centre
ANAEMIA : its prevalence across age and gender group has increased. Aneamia has increased by 2-9% among children , Pregnant women and men according to data shared in the National Family health survey 5 (NFHS-5) released November 24, 2021
Anemia Free India Focuusing on 12 gm Haemoglobin for Children , Girls & Women : Dr Sharda Jain
WHEAT FLOUR FORTIFICATION STATUS IN PAKISTAN AND ENTREPRENEURIAL APPROACHESMalik Tariq Sarwar Awan
As Global Alliance for improved Nutrition is relaunching Wheat Flour Fortification Project in Pakistan with Pakistan Flour Mills Association and National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Pakistan. This was My presentation at two day training workshop for ENTERPRENEURSHIP APPROACH IN VALUE ADDED BAKED PRODUCTS.
The role of the Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA)Francois Stepman
The role of the Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA)
Amare Ayelew , Program Manager, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
Improving Food Safety in Africa
Brad Flett - Agricultural Research Council - Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom, RSA. President of the African Society of Mycotoxicology
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
Andrew Emmott, Twin&Twin Trading, Senior Associate (Nuts), London, UK.
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
Twenty years research on aflatoxin in Europe: what benefits for Africa? Francois Stepman
Twenty years research on aflatoxin in Europe: what benefits for Africa?
Antonio Logrieco, Istituto Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Bari, Italy (coordinator of the Mycokey project under H2020- SFS-13-2015 call on Biological contamination of crops and the food chain: A contribution to a long-term collaboration with China on food safety).
Bruno Tran (NRI, UK) African postharvest losses information system (APHLIS)
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
Défis et opportunités pour la petite production laitière en zone péri urbaine...Francois Stepman
Challenges and opportunities for the household milk production in peri-urban zone in Sub Sahara Africa, case report for Niamey, Niger. Ousseini Ganda. ONG Karkara, Partenaire de Vétérinaires Sans Frontières au Niger. 29 March 2017. Liege, Belgium. Theme: A One Health approach for the dairy chain development in Sub Saharan Africa (Une approche One Health pour le développement de la filière laitière en Afrique subsaharienne)
Animal source food: hazards don’t always translate into risksFrancois Stepman
Presentation by Bassirou Bonfoh, Director Swiss Centre for Scientific Research in Ivory Coast, Director of the One Africa Initiative. 29 March 2017. Liege, Belgium. Theme: A One Health approach for the dairy chain development in Sub Saharan Africa (Une approche One Health pour le développement de la filière laitière en Afrique subsaharienne)
14th Annual Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG)
on pro-poor livestock research and development
“Development of Livestock Value Chains through strengthened
Public-Private Cooperation”
sponsored by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
May 22-24, 2013, Berlin
Aflatoxins, animal health and safety of animal source foods ILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Christine Atherstone and Erastus Kang’ethe at the Virtual briefing for the Global Donor Platform on Rural Development, 22 July 2014
Detection and management of aflatoxin contamination in Kenyan smallholder maizeILRI
Poster by Vincent Were, Samuel Mutiga, Jagger Harvey, Vivian Hoffman, Rebecca Nelson, Michael Milgroom. For the BecA Opening, Nairobi, 5 November 2010.
Mycotoxins are an underestimated threat in our food and feed production. Little data is available on their economic impact, but what data are known illustrate a huge economic impact.
Expertise of CIRAD-UMR Qualisud for aflatoxin control in AfricaFrancois Stepman
Catherine Brabet (CIRAD, France) Expertise of CIRAD-UMR Qualisud for aflatoxin control in Africa
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
Brief Perspective on Global Food situation with regard to Food Safety
Introduction to the Global Food Safety Partnership.
Role and Relevance in the Dairy Sector, especially in Africa..
Upcoming Food Safety Workshop Event..
What are aflatoxins?
Fungal metabolites (naturally occurring)
Produced by strains of Aspergillus
flavus and A. parasiticus
Toxic to humans and animals
Highly stable compounds, withstand
normal food/feed processing
procedures
By Amare Ayalew, Programme Manager, African Union’s Partnership for Aflatoxin
Control in Africa (PACA)
Improving food safety and quality standards has become an absolute precondition for African agriculture to be competitive in the global food market. And yet, aflatoxin contamination continues to be amongst the critical food-safety threats facing African countries, with enormous economic and health impacts. Today, there are proven
solutions that can contribute to control aflatoxin contamination. However, the organisations and groups behind these solutions face challenges in successfully scaling up their innovations for real impact and lasting sustainability.
Challenges include lack of enforcement of appropriate policies and regulations – a major impediment for the uptake of these tested-and-proven innovations.
OBJECTIVES
• Understand the policy challenges affecting the scaling up of the Aflasafe technology
• Highlight the opportunities to improve existing policies
• Highlight the role of governments in creating an enabling environment
• Share experiences and best practice in engaging national governments to improve food-safety policies
and regulations.
Food security and food safety
Food Security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active (productive) and healthy life (World Food Summit, 1996. In: FAO 2006. Policy Brief).
Food safety: microbial contaminants and chemical toxicants below tolerance levels (Kramer, 1990. Southern J. Agric. Economics, 33-40).
Factors that affect food safety
Presence of microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, fungi, viruses) (Christensen, 1973, Seed Sci. Technol. 1: 547-562)
Presence of physical materials
Toxin production (Miller et al., 1995, J. Stored Prod. Res. 31: 1-16; Shephard, 2008, Chem. Soc. Rev. 37: 2468-2477) among others by fungi
Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp and Penicillium spp (Pitt, 2000, Med. Mycol. 38: 17-22
The Innovative Agriculture for Smallholder Resilience (iNASHR) project (Egypt) was implemented over 3 years during which there was the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to instability in farm prices and uncertainties in water availability.
Despite this, 18 teams of Entrepreneurs for Rural Access (ERAs) serving as digital extension service providers were able to reach more than 60,000 people in rural communities between 2021 and 2023.
Three specially commissioned “farmer-to-farmer” style training videos were produced (see at the bottom of this blog post),
and 60 other relevant Access Agriculture videos were translated into Arabic and shown to farmers.
These active service providers, half of whom are women, used a solar-powered smart projector to reach communities where access to power supply, internet connection and mobile phone signal can be challenging.
West Africa Scene Setting African Continental Master Plan (CMP) for electrici...Francois Stepman
6 February 2024. Drive Renewable Energy Investments in West Africa Hosted by IRENA Coalition for Action
Recording forthcoming
The session covered the African Continental Master Plan (CMP) for electricity generation and transmission, delved into West Africa's electricity sector, and presented recommendations from the Policy Brief titled:
IRENA (2023) Scaling up renewable energy investments in West Africa # 12 p.
https://paepard.blogspot.com/2024/02/drive-renewable-energy-investments-in.html
Scaling up renewable energy investments in West AfricaFrancois Stepman
6 February 2024. Drive Renewable Energy Investments in West Africa Hosted by IRENA Coalition for Action
Recording forthcoming
The session covered the African Continental Master Plan (CMP) for electricity generation and transmission, delved into West Africa's electricity sector, and presented recommendations from the Policy Brief titled:
IRENA (2023) Scaling up renewable energy investments in West Africa # 12 p.
https://paepard.blogspot.com/2024/02/drive-renewable-energy-investments-in.html
Advances of the AU-EU FNSSA Partnership towards Food Systems TransformationFrancois Stepman
23-25 January 2024. Joint SCAR workshop: “Research needs and priorities for the transformation to Sustainable Food Systems (SFS) at European and global level”
https://paepard.blogspot.com/2024/01/research-needs-and-priorities-for.html
Research needs for sustainable food systems – concepts and prioritiesFrancois Stepman
23-25 January 2024. Joint SCAR workshop: “Research needs and priorities for the transformation to Sustainable Food Systems (SFS) at European and global level”
https://paepard.blogspot.com/2024/01/research-needs-and-priorities-for.html
The Scientific Advice Mechanism (SAM) of the EC: its principles and working p...Francois Stepman
6 - 17 March 2021. In 2021, Aarhus University hosted the first European Seminar on science-based advice in agriculture and environment
More than 200 researchers and advisers from all over Europe participated. One of the conclusions was, that there is a need to learn from each other, to share best practices and to discuss the main principles, in order to strengthen the evidence based policy development in Europe. See: https://paepard.blogspot.com/2024/01/science-based-advice-for-policy-in.html
Transformation: An introductory guide to fundamental change for researchers a...Francois Stepman
7 Sep 2023 12:30 - 14:00 CEST. Transformation: An introductory guide to fundamental change for researchers and change makers in a world of crises
Fazey, I and Colvin, J. (2023). Transformation: An introductory guide to fundamental change for researchers and change makers in a world of crises - A Report for the Transforming UK Food Systems SPF Programme. University of York, Emerald Network Ltd. #52 p.
Online workshop based on a newly published report by Professor Ioan Fazey (University of York) and Dr John Colvin (Emerald Network Ltd) for the UKRI Transforming UK Food Systems SPF Programme.
This workshop was be an opportunity to learn, and engage with others, about the concept of transformational change in a context of a rapidly changing world.
The authors gave an overview of the concept of transformation and highlighted some of the critical aspects that need to be considered when embarking on an initiative, approach or campaign which is intended to be transformational. They talked about the challenges and opportunities of adopting these concepts in practice and research and there was an opportunity for participants to explore with others their own understanding and approaches to transformation.
Presentation by Kathelijne Beenen, Netherlands Space Office - Space for Climate Adaptation and Food Security
https://paepard.blogspot.com/2023/05/earth-observation-artificial.html
Machine learning for the environment: monitoring the pulse of our Planet with...Francois Stepman
Presentation by Davis Tuia, EPFL - Machine learning for the environment: monitoring the pulse of our Planet with remotely sensed data
25 May 2023. 9H30 - 16H25 Earth Observation & Artificial Intelligence solutions for climate change challenges
This new edition of the AI4Copernicus event focused on climate change and its impact on energy, food and water security. To withstand current and future pressures on our natural resources, integrated and sustainable management practices are required to balance the needs of people, nature and the economy.
https://paepard.blogspot.com/2023/05/earth-observation-artificial.html
‘How is the African insurance industry responding to climate change?’Francois Stepman
6 June 2023. ‘How is the African insurance industry responding to climate change?’
https://paepard.blogspot.com/2023/06/how-is-african-insurance-industry.html
The insurance industry is exposed to the risks of climate change and that risk is increasing. Insurers should be aware of these risks and the potential impact on their business. A 2019 global survey [With Climate Impacts Growing, Insurance Companies Face Big Challenges] found that 72 percent of insurance companies believe climate change will affect their business, but 80 percent of them have not taken significant steps to lessen climate risks. Moreover, insurance companies invest the money from the premiums they collect in the financial markets. They have $582 billion invested in fossil fuels investments that could be devalued as climate risks increase.
As natural disasters become more frequent and more costly, insurance companies are facing big challenges. If insurers are to weather the storms ahead, they’ll need to make some changes. The insurance industry needs to make substantial changes to deal with its own climate risks. Some of these changes could also enable insurance companies to help speed the transition to a net-zero society.
Speakers
Diana Castro (picture) is part of UNEP. As the Programme
Supervisor of the Principles for Sustainable Insurance (PSI) initiative, Diana oversees the largest collaboration between the United Nations and the insurance industry, which has over 250
members worldwide committed to integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance risks into their decision-making.
Lesley Ndlovu (picture) is currently the Chief Executive Officer of African Risk Capacity “ARC” Ltd, based in Nairobi, Kenya.
Kelvin Massingham is Director of Risk and Resilience at FSD Africa, where he is responsible for driving financial market innovation in Africa to increase resilience and create pathways for green finance to flow towards a net-zero and nature-positive future.
How are African banks coping with Climate ChangeFrancois Stepman
16 May 2023. This webinar discussed how climate-related risks threaten the functioning of banking institutions as well as the stability of the financial system.
Climate change and climate policy affect the balance sheets and business models of banks in different ways. African banks are vulnerable to the increasing frequency and severity of climate change shocks. They are also increasingly aware of the importance of adopting green financing principles, seeking to address risks and more importantly, to grasp new opportunities.
However, only 17% of banks have so far introduced specific green financing products, and these are estimated to account for only 2-20% of their portfolio . The webinar discussed how climate-related risks threaten the functioning of banking institutions as well as the stability of the financial system. The discussions also shed light on initiatives of banks to implement sustainable practices and central banks to create an enabling environment for sustainable finance drawing on international best practices.
http://paepard.blogspot.com/2023/05/climate-and-african-financial-sector.html
Webinar 1: Climate Change: What does it mean for the Financial Sector in Africa?
Financial institutions can play an important role in society’s adaptation to climate change risks mitigation. This webinar will highlight risks and opportunities that climate change poses for the financial sector in Africa and discuss how financial institutions can best respond to these, in a sustainable manner. In particular, the webinar is expected to:
Raise awareness on climate change within the financial industry in Africa and facilitate a broader dialogue aimed at integrating climate change considerations;
Clarify the pivotal role the financial sector can play in mitigating climate change risks and adapting to its effects; and
Present examples of transformative change in financial institutions’ practices
Speakers
Paul SMITH has worked for the climate team at the United Nations’ Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) for over four years. Paul leads UNEP FI’s climate adaptation and physical risk work supporting the Climate Risk Programme, the Climate Adaptation Working Group of the Principles for Responsible Banking and the Adaptation and Resilience Investor Collaborative (ARIC). He also leads on climate policy in partnership with the Investor Agenda and has co-authored The Climate Risk Landscape, Physically Fit? and Adapting to a New Climate, as well as contributing to Climate Risk: Managing the Financial Risk and Funding the Transition
Anthony NYONG is the Director of Climate Change and Green Growth at the AfDB. Mr. Nyong has about 30 years of experience in environmental and natural resources management, renewable energy and green growth. He was a Coordinating Lead Author for the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report and a member of the IPCC Task Group on Data and Scenario Support for Impact and Climate Analysis.
David ASHIAGBOR is the Chief Financial Sector Strategy Officer in the Financial Sector Development Department of the African Development Bank. He is currently leading the design and development of the Bank’s new Financial Sector Development Strategy, in addition to supporting the Director on policy and strategy issues.
Marina FINKEN is the Partnership Coordinator for Making Finance Work For Africa (MFW4A). She is an experienced Finance Professional who, before joining MFW4A had a successful career within Big 4 firms, providing audit and advisory services to large Banking groups and other financial services entities.
Transforming Research into Programs and Policies: How to Use the Research-to-...Francois Stepman
March 9 Transforming Research into Programs and Policies: How to Use the Research-to-Action Plan Section
Guest Speaker: Dr. Marlene Lee, PRB, United States
The webinar introduces you to how you can use the Research-To-Action (R2A) Plan Section to develop a step-by-step plan to communicate your research findings, attract influential stakeholders, and ensure your research leads to action.
Capturing Attention How To Use The Research Translation Toolkit’s Communicati...Francois Stepman
March 9 Transforming Research into Programs and Policies: How to Use the Research-to-Action Plan Section
Guest Speaker: Dr. Marlene Lee, PRB, United States
Speaker bios
This webinar introduces you to how you can use the Research-To-Action (R2A) Plan Section to develop a step-by-step plan to communicate your research findings, attract influential stakeholders, and ensure your research leads to action.
Generative Artificial Intelligence 3/14/2023 Johannes Schunter Head of Knowle...Francois Stepman
14 March 2023. Useful applications of ChatGPT in knowledge work
Johannes Schunter showed a number of useful applications in development work ; what the bot is good at and what it is not good at. He is Head of Knowledge Management · Evangelisches Werk für Diakonie und Entwicklung e.V., Berlin, Germany.
How to Use the Research Translation Toolkit’s Stakeholder Analysis SectionFrancois Stepman
23 February 2023 Reaching the Right People at the Right Time: How to Use the Stakeholder Analysis Section
Guest Speaker: Dr. Jose Rodriguez, International Consultant, Philippines
This webinar introduced the Stakeholder Analysis Section to identify influential individuals or groups who might use your research, and plan effective engagement with them to increase the impact of your research insights or technical innovations.
February 9 A Vital Resource: Exploring USAID’s Research Translation Toolkit
This webinar introduced the importance of research translation – the process that transforms research findings into a form that is relevant to practitioners or other audiences – and provides a high-level overview of the Research Translation Toolkit, including real world examples of research teams that have used the processes from the toolkit.
Overview of the AU-EU Innovation Agenda & Results of the Public ConsultationFrancois Stepman
23 - 24 November 2022. Nairobi, Kenya and online. AU-EU Innovation Agenda Stakeholder Event
Nairobi by the The European Commission and the African Union Commission.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...
Prevention and control of aflatoxin contamination in value chains: Contribution of GIZ
1. Slide 1Division „Rural Development and Agriculture“21.03.2016
Prevention and control of
aflatoxin contamination
in value chains
Contribution of GIZ
Bruno Schuler
2. Slide 2
Content
Division „Rural Development and Agriculture“21.03.2016
1. Background: Food losses, issue of aflatoxin, challenges, abbreviations
followed by GIZ project activities:
2. Promotion of value chains and reduction of risk of aflatoxin
contamination: by the “Green Innovation Centres for the Agriculture and
Food Sector”, commissioned by BMZ Special Initiative
“ONEWORLD – No Hunger!”.
3. Further (planned) activities to reduce post-harvest losses and possible
aflatoxin contamination: by various projects worldwide
4. Aflasafe technology in Zambia: Upscaling and dissemination in other
countries in Africa: by IITA/CGIAR - CCAFS, GIZ/ITAACC, Bill&Melinda
Gates Foundation, USDA, PACA and other partners
5. Aflatoxin risk assessment as part of the Rapid Food Loss Assessment
Tool (RLAT): by Sector Project Sustainable Agriculture (SV NAREN)
3. Slide 3
Aflatoxin - Background
Division „Rural Development and Agriculture“21.03.2016
• FAO estimates that one third of all food produced around the world is lost before
it reaches our plates. Losses and waste occur at every level of the value chain
• Food losses occur mainly at the immediate post-harvest stages in developing
countries (whereby causes are often related to pre-harvest stages, i.e. choice of
seed)
• Around a quarter of the world food crops as well as world’s grain harvest may be
contaminated with mycotoxins (FAO)
• Contamination with aflatoxin is a major barrier in linking African farmers to
markets as aflatoxin prevents commodities from meeting international, regional
and local regulations and standards
• Most severely affected countries are those located between the 40th northern and
the 40th southern lines of latitude
• Aflatoxin is a significant threat to both human and animal health.
5. Slide 5
Most severely affected countries by aflatoxin
Division „Rural Development and Agriculture“21.03.2016
6. Slide 6
Challenges for development cooperation
Division „Rural Development and Agriculture“21.03.2016
• Awareness for aflatoxin contamination and health danger is low,
especially at producer and consumer levels
• No alternatives to contaminated food available
• No methodology: How can contaminated food be treated?
• Lowering aflatoxin levels requires a systematic approach
addressing various causes
7. Slide 7
Abbreviations of organisations and programmes
Division „Rural Development and Agriculture“21.03.2016
• BMZ Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
with the special Initiative “ONEWORLD – No Hunger”
• CCAFS Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (research
programme of CGIAR)
• GIAE Green Innovation Centres for the Agriculture and Food Sector
(global programme concentrating on 12 countries in Africa)
• GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
GmbH (German development cooperation)
• ITAACC Innovation Transfer into Agriculture – Adaptation to Climate
Change (GIZ sector project with focus on Africa)
• NAREN Sustainable Agriculture (GIZ sector project with global focus)
• PACA Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (initiative)
8. 2. Promotion of value chains and reduction of risk
of aflatoxin contamination
by the
“Green Innovation Centres for the Agriculture and Food Sector”
in some countries in Africa
9. Slide 9
Activities of GIZ
Division „Rural Development and Agriculture“21.03.2016
2. Promotion of value chains with risk of aflatoxin contamination
and reduction of risk of aflatoxin contamination:
by the “Green Innovation Centres for the Agriculture and Food
Sector” (GIAE),
commissioned by BMZ Special Initiative “ONEWORLD – No
Hunger!”.
Projects in Benin (rice, soya), Burkina Faso (rice), Cameroon
(poultry), Ethiopia (wheat, beans), Ghana (maize, rice) Kenya (milk),
Malawi (groundnuts, soya, sunflower), Mali (rice), Nigeria (rice,
maize), Togo (groundnuts, soya), Tunisia (milk, meat), Zambia (soya,
groundnuts, milk)
10. Seite 10
„ONEWORLD – No Hunger“ Initiative - Focus countries
BEN
MWL
SAM
ETH
JME
SOMGHA
KAM
KEN
MLI
TGO
KMB
NIG
IND
BUR
TUN
Food and nutrition security, enhanced resilience
Innovation Centres for the agriculture and food sector
Soil protection and rehabilitation for food security
Global Programmes:
11. Examples of planned project activities related to groundnuts in 2016
Malawi
- Provision of aflatoxin management training services
- Provision of diagnostic services
- Integrated aflatoxin management along the whole value chain
- Storage of aflatoxin-free products through improved drying technologies
and warehouse management practices
Togo
- Establishing of a national lab for aflatoxin analysis
- Extension towoards prevention of contamination during production and
post-harvest activities
Zambia
- Control and reduction of aflatoxin during production, storage and
processing
12. 3. Further (planned) activities to reduce post-
harvest losses and possible aflatoxin
contamination
by various projects
in some countries worldwide
13. Slide 13
Activities of GIZ
Division „Rural Development and Agriculture“21.03.2016
3. Further (planned) activities to reduce post-harvest losses and
possible aflatoxin contamination:
by various projects
commissioned by BMZ
Projects in
Africa: Côte d'Ivoire, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda,
Zimbabwe
Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, ASEAN countries
Latin America: Bolivia, Guatemala
14. 4. Aflasafe Technology in Zambia: Upscaling and
dissemination in other countries in Africa through
on-farm trials for wide uptake and utilisation
Opportunities and difficulties
in the research and development cooperation
by
IITA – International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
ITAACC - Innovation Transfer into Agriculture – Adaptation
to Climate Change (GIZ sector project with focus on Africa)
and other partners
15. www.iita.org
Aflatoxin in Zambia
District Range Mean
Proportion of samples (%)
Safe (< 4 ppb)* Unsafe (> 10 ppb)#
Chipata 0.7 – 108.8 15.1 69.2 30.8
Katete 0.0 – 10.9 3.3 85.7 14.3
Mambwe 0.0 – 255.0 55.1 10.0 80.0
Nyimba 0.0 – 81.4 16.6 60.0 33.3
Petauke 0.1 – 103.2 17.5 73.3 20.0
Aflatoxin levels (ppb) in maize flour from markets & homesteads
*As per EU standard; # As per Zambia standard
16. A member of CGIAR consortium
Aflatoxin in Zambia
District Range Mean
Proportion of samples (%)
Safe (< 4 ppb)* Unsafe (> 10 ppb)#
Chipata 0.4 – 3435 176.5 28.6 53.6
Lundazi 0.7 – 310 63.6 15.8 68.4
Mambwe 1.1 – 5234 523.3 10.0 80.0
Nyimba 1.4 – 376 76.0 33.3 55.6
Petauke 1.7 – 775 147.3 13.3 66.6
Aflatoxin levels (ppb) in groundnut flour from markets & homesteads
*As per EU standard; # As per Zambia standard
19. A member of CGIAR consortium
Aflasafe Product Development
Senegal
Burkina
Faso
Ghana
Nigeria
Kenya
Tanzania
Mozambique
Zambia
Rwanda
Malawi
Burundi
Uganda
The
Gambia
Strain
development in
progress
Products under
testing in
farmers’ fields
Product ready
for registration
Product
registered
20. A member of CGIAR consortium
Upscaling of aflasafe application
• Nigeria: Farmers to produce
260,000 tons of Aflasafe maize;
Public-Private Partnership
• Senegal: Area-wide treatment
during 2013 to 2015 with 32
tons; private sector led
• Kenya: Government buy-in;
about 230 tons procured;
excellent support
• Zambia: New effort beginning
Senegal
Kenya
21. A member of CGIAR consortium
Biocontrol efforts
• Create a sustainable system
(commercialization/public good) where
small holder farmers have access to
Aflasafe and are incentivized to utilize
Aflasafe to control aflatoxin levels
• Need for business plan, manufacturing
capacity, marketing and distribution
strategies
• Advocacy, awareness, demonstration of
product value
• Full registration, licensing and
stewardship
• Training and technical back-stopping
• Develop second generation product
• Develop regional strains
23. Slide 23
5. Rapid Loss Assessment Tool (RLAT)
for agribusiness value chains
Division „Rural Development and Agriculture“21.03.2016
by the Sector Project Sustainable Agriculture
(SV NAREN)
can be applied in crop value chains in Africa
24. Slide 24
Aflatoxin assessment
Division „Rural Development and Agriculture“21.03.2016
Rapid Loss Assessment Tool (RLAT) for agribusiness value chains”
contains a part for aflatoxin risk assessment
Tool developed by the Sector Project Sustainable Agriculture in
cooperation with project in Ghana
Publications: user guide for maize (2015), toolbox (2016), case study of
maize in Ghana (2016)
The tool can be applied for food loss and aflatoxin risk assessment in
crop value chains in cooperation with projects.
25. Slide 25
Integrating the aflatoxin risk into the Rapid Food Loss Appraisal Tool
Division „Rural Development and Agriculture“21.03.2016
Bio-physical measurements:
Indication of aflatoxin risk via number of discoloured grains (which has no direct
relationship with aflatoxin, but indicates a higher risk)
Use of blue-light as aflatoxin indicator not successful – high rate of
instrumentation needed in the field, including access to power
Laboratory testing is too lengthy and complicated (sampling!) for RLAT, but
should be recommended as a follow up if a high risk has been detected by the
number of discoloured grains
Aflatoxin checklist:
Points of increased risk for aflatoxin contamination along the production to
consumption chain
Risk evaluated as percentage of positive responses
List has to be specifically conceived for every commodity
27. Slide 27
Small Scale Farmer
Production
Market loss
Supply shortage
Discarded Grain
Litigation
Human health
impact
Sale to local
market
Market loss
Reduced milk
productivity
Livestock disease
burden
Reduced prices of
products
Discarded products
Human health
impact
Disease burden
Reduced
productivity
Contaminated
livestock products
Own consumptionLivestock feed
Export - oriented Farmer
Production
Human health
impact
Disease burden
Reduced
productivity
Own consumptionSale to trader
Export
Quality standards
not met
28. Slide 28
Thank you for your attention!
Sector Project "Sustainable Agriculture"
See also library on post-harvest publications:
https://www.donorplatform.org/postharvest-losses-and-food-
waste/on-common-ground
Editor's Notes
An innovative scientific solution in the form of a natural biocontrol has been developed by the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). This breakthrough technology, already in wide use in the United States, reduces aflatoxins during both crop development and post-harvest storage, and throughout the value chain. Atoxigenic-strain-based biological control is a natural, non-toxic technology that utilizes the ability of native atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus to naturally out-compete their aflatoxin-producing cousins. The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and partners have successfully adapted this competitive displacement technology for use on maize and groundnut in various African countries using native micro-flora, developing biocontrol products called Aflasafe (www.aflasafe.com). Field testing of Aflasafe in Nigeria, Senegal, Burkina Faso and Kenya has produced extremely positive results in reducing aflatoxin contamination of maize and groundnut, consistently by 80% to 90%, and even as high as 99%.
Adapting and applying this proven biocontrol solution to address aflatoxin contamination in Africa could dramatically improve nutrition, health and livelihoods of millions of families while reducing commodity losses due to contamination. It is anticipated that this cost effective technology, which can be applied for about $18 per hectare (ha), once developed for the African context and commercialized, could be replicated and applied to other highly vulnerable areas, making the potential return on investment enormous.
IITA and USDA-ARS, together with national partners have already tested the technology with over 4,000 small holder farmers in Nigeria, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Kenya, and Zambia. Aflasafe products are under development for Ghana, Tanzania and Mozambique. At the same time, regional aflasafe products are also being developed for East, West and Southern Africa using atoxigenic strains that co-occur in all countries in a region. More than 60 tons aflasafe was manufactured using a lab-scale method and sold in Nigeria by IITA under the Provisional Registration from biopesticide regulator National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC). The method of production and application of atoxigenic strain based biocontrol products is fairly simple. A mixture of spores of biocontrol strains are coated on a grain carrier (e.g., sorghum), which also serves as a food source. The atoxigenic strains grow and multiply on and disperse from the carrier to initiate displacement of aflatoxin-producers in the field. Application timing differs with the crop and location. In some crops the product is applied 2-4 weeks prior to flowering. For small fields, the product can be tossed onto the 1 hectare of crop and soil by hand by four persons in 1 hour at an application rate of 10 kg/ha.
In the countries where aflasafe development is most advanced (Nigeria, Senegal, and Kenya), the farmers’ needs and demand for aflasafe far exceeds supply of the product produced using the lab-scale manufacturing method. Thus, lack of manufacturing capacity is a barrier preventing wide use of Aflasafe in target markets. There is an demonstration scale manufacturing facility that has just begun to produce Aflasafe at IITA in Ibadan. The new facility in IITA was built for demonstrating the production process of aflasafe to potential manufacturers as well as for producing sufficient quantity of Aflasafe to meet current demand from farmers and for experimental use to evaluate product efficacy in Africa. The Demonstration-scale Aflasafe manufacturing plant will be commissioned in November 2013 in the IITA campus in Ibadan. All the equipment in the plant is now operational and the manufacturing process has been tested successfully. The capacity of the plant is 5 tons per hour. The inoculum production and quality control labs are now functional. The strain multiplication method for aflasafe production has been successfully tested. The new strain multiplication method can produce 12.8 trillion spores in a 250 ml bottle containing 30 grams sorghum grain substrate; these spores are sufficient to produce 60 tons of aflasafe that can treat 6000 ha of crop.
The plant was used to produce the following amount of aflasafe:
1.5 tons of aflasafe BF01 for Burkina Faso for field efficacy trials
6 tons of aflasafe SN01 for field efficacy trials and market linkage research in Senegal in partnership with the private sector
12 tons of two aflasafe products (6 tons each of aflasafe ZM01 and aflasafe ZM02) for field efficacy trials and market linkage research in Zambia in partnership with the private sector
20 tons aflasafe for distribution to farmers by the AgResults initiative
1 ton of aflasafe KE01 will be produced for efficacy trials in Kenya in 2013
Private sector partners have expressed interest to manufacture aflasafe in in Nigeria, Senegal and Zambia.