The document outlines the process for electing the US president as established in the Constitution and amended over time. It discusses the qualifications to be president, how the electoral college system works including allocating electoral votes by state, how citizens vote for electors, and the process electors follow to cast votes. It also notes exceptions for Maine and Nebraska and potential issues like faithless electors. The document then discusses arguments for and against the electoral college system.
A slideshow explaining the electoral college with the information from the 2004 election information as the focus. An update needs to be made for the 2008 election.
A slideshow explaining the electoral college with the information from the 2004 election information as the focus. An update needs to be made for the 2008 election.
The US presidential election follows a unique process called the E.docxchristalgrieg
The US presidential election follows a unique process called the Electoral College. When the Founders drafted the Constitution, they set out different voting procedures for each of the elected branches of government. The House of Representatives was elected directly by voters in specific geographic districts: the Senate was elected by the members of the state legislatures: and the president was elected by an entirely different body called the Electoral College.
The Electoral College is made up of electors from each state. The number of electors each state receives is based on its total number of representatives in Congress, that is, the number of members it has in the House of Representatives, plus its two senators. For states with very small populations such as Wyoming and Rhode Island, which have only one member in the House of Representatives, the Electoral College amplifies their influence in the presidential election by adding their two senators, for a total of three Electoral College votes. For large population states such as California and Texas, the addition of two senators to a large number of representatives in the House (53 for CA, 36 for TX), does not increase their political influence significantly.
The Electoral College reflects the compromises that the Framers of the Constitution struggled with in regard to issues of representation, in that both population size through the House of Representatives delegation, as well as equality among the states through the Senate are taken into account. In practice, however, it is neither the largest nor smallest states that hold the most important sway in the Electoral College; it is the “battleground states” that may determine the ultimate outcome of the presidential election in any given year.
Electoral College Votes Allotted by State and District, 2012
A great deal of attention is focused on the “red” vs. “blue” states in the Electoral College map in every presidential election. But in fact the most attention is reserved for the handful of states — usually eight to ten — that will make the difference in reaching the magic number of 270 Electoral College votes for one candidate or the other, and thereby determine the winner of the US presidency.
The total number of Electoral College votes is 538. This is made up of the 435 votes based on the membership of the US House of Representatives, plus the 100 votes from the Senate. Another three Electoral College votes are given to Washington, DC. This is provided for by the 23rd Amendment to the Constitution to ensure that residents of the nation’s capital are represented in presidential elections. A majority of 270 Electoral College votes is therefore needed to win the presidency.
Nearly all states follow the unit rule, meaning that they award all of their Electoral College votes to the candidate who wins the most votes in that state. This is truly a “winner-take-all” system, in which the candidate with a plurality of the vote takes the entire ele ...
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3. Found in Article II of the Constitution
Basic Qualifications:
Natural-born citizen of the United States
At least 35 years old
U.S. resident for 14 years
4.
5. Presidential elections do not occur by popular vote,
but indirectly through Electoral College.
Found in Article II, Section I
Allocating Electoral CollegeVotes by State:
Number of Reps +Two Senators = #of Electors
Florida: 27 Reps+ 2 Senators = 29 ElectoralVotes
Winner has most Electoral CollegeVotes—Usually
6. Modified through Amendments
Twelfth – Separated balloting for Pres andVP
after 1800 Election between Jefferson and Burr
Twenty-Third – DC given representation in EC
7. Citizens vote for slate of state electors
“Winner-Take-All” or “Unit Rule’ Method
Exceptions are Maine and Nebraska (Cong. Districts)
Electors meet in state capitol to cast voters
following election
Methods of Selecting Electors
Issue of “Faithless Electors”
8. President of Senate (VP) reads votes
Election requires 50% + 1 of total number of
all 538 Electoral CollegeVotes or 270
VP announces their election...or defeat
If no majority in Electoral College, House
votes for President and Senate forVice Pres
9.
10.
11. Political Stability andTwo-Party System
Minority Interests
Personal Campaigning – Urban/Rural Areas
Contested Recounts in Few States
Winner’sVictory and “Mandate”
Works OverTime
12. MostVotes = Win Election
PopularVote Loss/Electoral College Win
1876, 1888, 2000
“Faithless” Electors
“Battleground” States
DepressedVoterTurnout
Dilution of Popular Will
