This document summarizes several media-supported revolutions throughout history: - The 1517 Protestant movement utilized the Gutenberg printing press. - The 1789 French Revolution utilized newspapers and leaflets. - The 1968 Paris May days revolution utilized transistor radios and wall posters. - The 2011 North Africa revolution utilized social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook.

1. Brief History of media-supported Revolutions
1517 Protestant movement: Gutemberg printing press revolution
1789 French Revolution: newspaper & leaflets revolution
1968 Paris may days: transistor/wallpaper revolution
1968 Italian 68: autographic stencil (ciclostile)
1979 Iran: small media revolution (audiocassettes)
1989 “La Pantera” Italian student movement: fax revolution
1999 Seattle No Global movement: mailing list/first internet
revolution
2011 North Africa: social media revolution
martedì 23 agosto 2011

2. Paris mediasphere May 1968
public
phones
wallpapers
transistor
graffiti
receivers square slogan
streets
people
Radio Europe 1
Radio Luxemburg
: bypass revolution: protesters bypassed institutional media
(national public radio and television broadcasters)
:: tactical use of the media
martedì 23 agosto 2011

3. “Battle of Seattle” mediasphere 1999
cell
phones
mailing square World
lists streets media
people
local
web
indipendent
radio
fm/am radio
: bypass revolution: protesters bypassed institutional media
(national public radio and television broadcasters)
:: tactical use of the media
martedì 23 agosto 2011

4. Tunisian mediasphere 2011
cell
tunisian phones
diaspora
Web radio
(Radio square
streets
SB Zone)
people
world
bloggers media
local clandestine
FM radio
(Radio Kalima)
: bypass-revolution: protesters have bypassed institutional media (national radio and
television broadcasters)
:: Twitter excelled as a medium in getting the message out, in driving mainstream
media coverage and in connecting activists on the ground with multipliers in the West
::: tactical use of the media
:::: multiplatform/networked flow of communication
martedì 23 agosto 2011