The document discusses decimation in time (DIT) and decimation in frequency (DIF) fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms. DIT breaks down an N-point sequence into smaller DFTs of even and odd indexed samples, recursively computing smaller and smaller DFTs until individual points remain. DIF similarly decomposes the computation but by breaking the frequency domain spectrum into smaller DFTs. Both algorithms reduce the computational complexity of computing the discrete Fourier transform from O(N^2) to O(NlogN) operations.
This document presents an IOT based vertical farming system. Vertical farming works on the principle of hydroponics, which is a method of growing plants without soil using mineral nutrient solutions. An IOT system is proposed that uses sensors like temperature, moisture, and pH sensors to monitor the environment and control factors like water levels, nutrients, and sprinklers using an Arduino and ESP8266. An IOT app called "Magical Garden" is presented that would allow monitoring and control of the vertical farm remotely. The system aims to achieve higher yields with shorter growth cycles while reducing resource usage compared to traditional farming.
Different types of Modulation TechniquesHimel Himo
This presentation discusses modulation, which is submitted by three students - Rukaiya Binte Farid, Nasif Hossain, and Al-Imran Bhuiyan. It will cover the definition of modulation, types of modulation including amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and phase modulation. It will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type as well as their applications, such as AM radio broadcast, FM radio broadcast, and satellite communication.
This document discusses reactive power and voltage control in electrical power systems. It defines real and reactive power and explains that reactive power is needed to maintain adequate voltages throughout transmission and distribution systems. Several methods of providing reactive power are described, including synchronous condensers, capacitors, static VAR compensators, and distributed generation. The document also discusses different types of voltage and VAR control and compares characteristics of various reactive power sources.
1. A variable output voltage can be obtained from an inverter in two ways: by varying the input DC voltage or by adjusting the gain of the inverter using pulse width modulation control.
2. The output of an inverter is theoretically a sine wave but in reality is non-sinusoidal and contains harmonics that can be represented by Fourier series.
3. The fundamental component of the output voltage determines the useful power while harmonic components cause power loss and increased load temperature.
A product modulator achieves double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) modulation by multiplying the modulating baseband signal with the carrier signal. Balanced modulators use nonlinear resistances to produce AM modulation and cancel the carrier signal, resulting in a DSB output containing the upper and lower sideband frequencies. A ring modulator works by suppressing the carrier signal when no modulation is present and multiplying the positive and negative halves of the modulating signal by 1 and -1 respectively during modulation.
A brief discussion of Multivariate Gaussin, Rayleigh & Rician distributions
Prof. H.Amindavar complementary notes for the first session of "Advanced communications theory" course, Spring 2021
The document discusses decimation in time (DIT) and decimation in frequency (DIF) fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms. DIT breaks down an N-point sequence into smaller DFTs of even and odd indexed samples, recursively computing smaller and smaller DFTs until individual points remain. DIF similarly decomposes the computation but by breaking the frequency domain spectrum into smaller DFTs. Both algorithms reduce the computational complexity of computing the discrete Fourier transform from O(N^2) to O(NlogN) operations.
This document presents an IOT based vertical farming system. Vertical farming works on the principle of hydroponics, which is a method of growing plants without soil using mineral nutrient solutions. An IOT system is proposed that uses sensors like temperature, moisture, and pH sensors to monitor the environment and control factors like water levels, nutrients, and sprinklers using an Arduino and ESP8266. An IOT app called "Magical Garden" is presented that would allow monitoring and control of the vertical farm remotely. The system aims to achieve higher yields with shorter growth cycles while reducing resource usage compared to traditional farming.
Different types of Modulation TechniquesHimel Himo
This presentation discusses modulation, which is submitted by three students - Rukaiya Binte Farid, Nasif Hossain, and Al-Imran Bhuiyan. It will cover the definition of modulation, types of modulation including amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and phase modulation. It will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type as well as their applications, such as AM radio broadcast, FM radio broadcast, and satellite communication.
This document discusses reactive power and voltage control in electrical power systems. It defines real and reactive power and explains that reactive power is needed to maintain adequate voltages throughout transmission and distribution systems. Several methods of providing reactive power are described, including synchronous condensers, capacitors, static VAR compensators, and distributed generation. The document also discusses different types of voltage and VAR control and compares characteristics of various reactive power sources.
1. A variable output voltage can be obtained from an inverter in two ways: by varying the input DC voltage or by adjusting the gain of the inverter using pulse width modulation control.
2. The output of an inverter is theoretically a sine wave but in reality is non-sinusoidal and contains harmonics that can be represented by Fourier series.
3. The fundamental component of the output voltage determines the useful power while harmonic components cause power loss and increased load temperature.
A product modulator achieves double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) modulation by multiplying the modulating baseband signal with the carrier signal. Balanced modulators use nonlinear resistances to produce AM modulation and cancel the carrier signal, resulting in a DSB output containing the upper and lower sideband frequencies. A ring modulator works by suppressing the carrier signal when no modulation is present and multiplying the positive and negative halves of the modulating signal by 1 and -1 respectively during modulation.
A brief discussion of Multivariate Gaussin, Rayleigh & Rician distributions
Prof. H.Amindavar complementary notes for the first session of "Advanced communications theory" course, Spring 2021
It was our first real life based designing experience on this platform. From the mentioned designed we tried to develop a prototype of Dipole antenna of 600 Mhz for practical uses. For the further development we’ve a got plan to use a simulation software like CST microwave studio or ADS to simulate our developed design in the long term . We had to work very hard to complete this design in time! But in the end, the challenge and learning experience were well worth it.
The document discusses integrated circuits and operational amplifiers. It begins by defining an integrated circuit and listing its advantages. It then describes the two main types of integrated circuits - linear and digital ICs. The document goes on to explain operational amplifiers in detail, including their ideal characteristics, block diagram, equivalent circuit model, open-loop configurations, and applications. It also provides information about specific op-amps like the 741 and TL082, discussing their features, input and bias currents, and common mode rejection ratio.
Matrix Telecom Solutions: ETERNITY GE - IP-PBXMatrix Comsec
The document introduces the ETERNITY GE series of IP-PBX systems from Matrix. The ETERNITY GE6S and GE12S models provide flexible connectivity including VoIP, GSM/3G, ISDN and analog interfaces. They support up to 500 IP extensions and include digital key phones, IP phones and integration with voice mail systems. The GE6S has 6 slots while the GE12S has 12 slots for expansion cards to customize the system with various trunk and extension interfaces.
Focusing prbs pseudo random binary sequenceMapYourTech
Pseudo random binary sequences (PRBS) are commonly used for testing digital transmission equipment and lines. A PRBS is a deterministic binary sequence that exhibits randomness properties and is easy to generate and reproduce. It can effectively stress transmission equipment by simulating real random data traffic at different data rates. PRBS are generated using linear feedback shift registers. Measuring bit error rates using PRBS is important for assessing transmission performance and is a prerequisite for end-to-end measurements, as PRBS simulate real traffic closely with their white noise-like properties.
This document provides an overview of the Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson power flow solution methods. It begins by describing the Gauss-Seidel iterative method for solving nonlinear power flow equations using a scalar example. It then discusses applying Gauss-Seidel to vector power flow problems and provides an example of solving a two bus system. The document next describes the Newton-Raphson method, extending it to multidimensional problems using Taylor series approximations and defining the Jacobian matrix. It concludes with brief discussions of advantages and disadvantages of each method.
The document discusses harmonics, their sources, effects and mitigation techniques. Some key points:
1) Harmonics are generated by non-linear loads and can cause overheating, equipment failures and power quality issues. Common sources are power electronic equipment, arc furnaces and electronic ballasts.
2) Harmonics can have instantaneous effects like resonance, noise and interference or longer term impacts like increased losses and equipment degradation. Proper mitigation is needed to control costs.
3) Passive and active filters are commonly used to mitigate harmonics. Passive filters include tuned and detuned filters while active filters can dynamically cancel harmonics. Case studies show filters reducing currents and distortion while improving power factor.
This document discusses the use of power electronics in solar photovoltaic systems in India. It provides background on India's growing installed solar capacity, currently at 2.5 GW, and the role of the National Solar Mission in facilitating solar development. The document outlines different types of solar PV systems and how power electronics are used in areas like inverters and maximum power point tracking to improve efficiency. It also discusses challenges like partial panel shading and the potential of net metering systems.
This report summarizes the design of a 1 megawatt grid-connected solar photovoltaic system in Hyderabad, India. The location was selected due to its high annual solar irradiation of 5.32 kWh/m2/day. Canadian Solar CS6P-260PX polycrystalline solar modules and two 500 kW ABB PVS800 central inverters were selected as the primary components. System simulations showed the system would produce 894 kW of maximum power and have an 80.1% performance ratio. Eight combiner boxes were also selected to connect the 22 module strings in parallel to each inverter.
This document provides an overview of wind turbine systems that use power electronics converters. It discusses how wind energy is converted into electrical energy and fed into the electrical grid. Power electronics converters are necessary to regulate voltage and frequency from the generator to meet grid requirements. Common converter configurations for wind turbines include the doubly fed induction generator with a partial scale back-to-back converter and permanent magnet synchronous generators with a full-scale back-to-back converter. Power electronics improve system stability and power quality by enabling control of active and reactive power flow between the generator and grid.
This document discusses system noise calculations and radio communication link budgets. It begins by defining gain in decibels and discussing noise power spectral density. It then covers noise temperature, noise factor, and noise figure as ways to specify noise power. The document provides examples of calculating output noise for systems with multiple components. Finally, it discusses radio link budgets, covering free space path loss, effective area, and an example of calculating received power density at a distance from a transmitter.
solar power systems may be categorized into four primary types. These types of systems may be designed to meet all or part of the user's electrical requirements. Check out the links: http://renewenergy.com.au/
A transistor can be used as a current source by biasing the emitter current through a resistor. Any change in the collector voltage will have little effect on the collector/load current as long as the transistor remains active and not saturated. In a common-emitter amplifier, a small signal at the base causes a corresponding change in the emitter current. This then causes an amplified change in the opposite direction at the collector through the collector resistor load, providing voltage gain.
This document discusses solar power integration with the power grid in India. It provides background on solar power potential and capacity in India. The government has set targets to significantly increase solar capacity through the 12th five-year plan, with a total capacity addition of over 9 GW. Integrating this additional solar power presents challenges for grid operators due to the variable nature of solar power production. The document aims to analyze issues around grid integration of solar power in India and provide suggestions to overcome these challenges.
The document contains an internship feedback form from the Gandhi Institute of Technological Advancement in Bhubaneswar, India. The form collects a student's name, branch of study, year of study, and evaluator ratings on a Likert scale for the student's basic theoretical knowledge, basic practical knowledge, interactive skills, ability to think outside the box, and ability to work in a team. It also collects the evaluator's signature and organization.
This document describes a solar-powered multi-tasking agricultural robot. The robot can perform grass cutting, fertilizer and pesticide spraying, and soil analysis functions. It is powered by solar energy from a 10W solar panel, using batteries to store the energy. An Arduino board controls four DC motors that power wheels for movement, a high-speed motor for grass cutting, and a motor that sprays contents from a fertilizer tank. Sensors measure soil temperature and moisture to determine appropriate fertilizer levels. The robot is operated via a Bluetooth mobile app for functions like forward/backward movement. It provides a cost-effective way to perform multiple agricultural tasks without external power sources.
Corso di 20 ore sulla piattaforma Arduino. Corso tenuto nelle scuole superiori di San Secondo e Fornovo come corso di aggiornamento per il personale docente. Il corso si suddivide in 5 lezioni dove vengono spiegate più o meno tutte le funzionalità della piattaforma. I file li potete trovare al seguente indirizzo https://github.com/loweherz/ArduinoLessons
It was our first real life based designing experience on this platform. From the mentioned designed we tried to develop a prototype of Dipole antenna of 600 Mhz for practical uses. For the further development we’ve a got plan to use a simulation software like CST microwave studio or ADS to simulate our developed design in the long term . We had to work very hard to complete this design in time! But in the end, the challenge and learning experience were well worth it.
The document discusses integrated circuits and operational amplifiers. It begins by defining an integrated circuit and listing its advantages. It then describes the two main types of integrated circuits - linear and digital ICs. The document goes on to explain operational amplifiers in detail, including their ideal characteristics, block diagram, equivalent circuit model, open-loop configurations, and applications. It also provides information about specific op-amps like the 741 and TL082, discussing their features, input and bias currents, and common mode rejection ratio.
Matrix Telecom Solutions: ETERNITY GE - IP-PBXMatrix Comsec
The document introduces the ETERNITY GE series of IP-PBX systems from Matrix. The ETERNITY GE6S and GE12S models provide flexible connectivity including VoIP, GSM/3G, ISDN and analog interfaces. They support up to 500 IP extensions and include digital key phones, IP phones and integration with voice mail systems. The GE6S has 6 slots while the GE12S has 12 slots for expansion cards to customize the system with various trunk and extension interfaces.
Focusing prbs pseudo random binary sequenceMapYourTech
Pseudo random binary sequences (PRBS) are commonly used for testing digital transmission equipment and lines. A PRBS is a deterministic binary sequence that exhibits randomness properties and is easy to generate and reproduce. It can effectively stress transmission equipment by simulating real random data traffic at different data rates. PRBS are generated using linear feedback shift registers. Measuring bit error rates using PRBS is important for assessing transmission performance and is a prerequisite for end-to-end measurements, as PRBS simulate real traffic closely with their white noise-like properties.
This document provides an overview of the Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson power flow solution methods. It begins by describing the Gauss-Seidel iterative method for solving nonlinear power flow equations using a scalar example. It then discusses applying Gauss-Seidel to vector power flow problems and provides an example of solving a two bus system. The document next describes the Newton-Raphson method, extending it to multidimensional problems using Taylor series approximations and defining the Jacobian matrix. It concludes with brief discussions of advantages and disadvantages of each method.
The document discusses harmonics, their sources, effects and mitigation techniques. Some key points:
1) Harmonics are generated by non-linear loads and can cause overheating, equipment failures and power quality issues. Common sources are power electronic equipment, arc furnaces and electronic ballasts.
2) Harmonics can have instantaneous effects like resonance, noise and interference or longer term impacts like increased losses and equipment degradation. Proper mitigation is needed to control costs.
3) Passive and active filters are commonly used to mitigate harmonics. Passive filters include tuned and detuned filters while active filters can dynamically cancel harmonics. Case studies show filters reducing currents and distortion while improving power factor.
This document discusses the use of power electronics in solar photovoltaic systems in India. It provides background on India's growing installed solar capacity, currently at 2.5 GW, and the role of the National Solar Mission in facilitating solar development. The document outlines different types of solar PV systems and how power electronics are used in areas like inverters and maximum power point tracking to improve efficiency. It also discusses challenges like partial panel shading and the potential of net metering systems.
This report summarizes the design of a 1 megawatt grid-connected solar photovoltaic system in Hyderabad, India. The location was selected due to its high annual solar irradiation of 5.32 kWh/m2/day. Canadian Solar CS6P-260PX polycrystalline solar modules and two 500 kW ABB PVS800 central inverters were selected as the primary components. System simulations showed the system would produce 894 kW of maximum power and have an 80.1% performance ratio. Eight combiner boxes were also selected to connect the 22 module strings in parallel to each inverter.
This document provides an overview of wind turbine systems that use power electronics converters. It discusses how wind energy is converted into electrical energy and fed into the electrical grid. Power electronics converters are necessary to regulate voltage and frequency from the generator to meet grid requirements. Common converter configurations for wind turbines include the doubly fed induction generator with a partial scale back-to-back converter and permanent magnet synchronous generators with a full-scale back-to-back converter. Power electronics improve system stability and power quality by enabling control of active and reactive power flow between the generator and grid.
This document discusses system noise calculations and radio communication link budgets. It begins by defining gain in decibels and discussing noise power spectral density. It then covers noise temperature, noise factor, and noise figure as ways to specify noise power. The document provides examples of calculating output noise for systems with multiple components. Finally, it discusses radio link budgets, covering free space path loss, effective area, and an example of calculating received power density at a distance from a transmitter.
solar power systems may be categorized into four primary types. These types of systems may be designed to meet all or part of the user's electrical requirements. Check out the links: http://renewenergy.com.au/
A transistor can be used as a current source by biasing the emitter current through a resistor. Any change in the collector voltage will have little effect on the collector/load current as long as the transistor remains active and not saturated. In a common-emitter amplifier, a small signal at the base causes a corresponding change in the emitter current. This then causes an amplified change in the opposite direction at the collector through the collector resistor load, providing voltage gain.
This document discusses solar power integration with the power grid in India. It provides background on solar power potential and capacity in India. The government has set targets to significantly increase solar capacity through the 12th five-year plan, with a total capacity addition of over 9 GW. Integrating this additional solar power presents challenges for grid operators due to the variable nature of solar power production. The document aims to analyze issues around grid integration of solar power in India and provide suggestions to overcome these challenges.
The document contains an internship feedback form from the Gandhi Institute of Technological Advancement in Bhubaneswar, India. The form collects a student's name, branch of study, year of study, and evaluator ratings on a Likert scale for the student's basic theoretical knowledge, basic practical knowledge, interactive skills, ability to think outside the box, and ability to work in a team. It also collects the evaluator's signature and organization.
This document describes a solar-powered multi-tasking agricultural robot. The robot can perform grass cutting, fertilizer and pesticide spraying, and soil analysis functions. It is powered by solar energy from a 10W solar panel, using batteries to store the energy. An Arduino board controls four DC motors that power wheels for movement, a high-speed motor for grass cutting, and a motor that sprays contents from a fertilizer tank. Sensors measure soil temperature and moisture to determine appropriate fertilizer levels. The robot is operated via a Bluetooth mobile app for functions like forward/backward movement. It provides a cost-effective way to perform multiple agricultural tasks without external power sources.
Corso di 20 ore sulla piattaforma Arduino. Corso tenuto nelle scuole superiori di San Secondo e Fornovo come corso di aggiornamento per il personale docente. Il corso si suddivide in 5 lezioni dove vengono spiegate più o meno tutte le funzionalità della piattaforma. I file li potete trovare al seguente indirizzo https://github.com/loweherz/ArduinoLessons
This is a basic implementation of the famous game Arkanoid running on a FPGA that I've developed for the final project of Electronic II FPGA course at the University of Trieste.
The development board I've used is TERASIC DE1 with Cyclone II FPGA by Altera.
Features:
- 6 different angles of impact for the sphere.
- The ball striking a brick causes the brick to disappear.
- When all the bricks are gone, the player has won.
- Some bricks are indestructible.
- The Player has 3 lives to win the game.
- Start/Pause and restart game button.
For More Informations and for the english version look at this: http://www.vuolsavest.net/t3o/arkanoidFpga/
Il seguente corso intende fornire le competenze di base per la realizzazione di lezioni di didattica delle robotica nella scuola secondaria di secondo grado.
Il corso ben si adatta a tutti i maker, studenti ed adulti, che per passione nell’elettronica necessitano di un’introduzione all’uso di Arduino.
Il docente che intendesse sviluppare un percorso didattico in cui si desidera realizzare dispositivi elettronici in grado di interfacciarsi col mondo fisico, potrà utilizzare queste lezioni come base per implementare moduli didattici aggiuntivi, pertanto questo corso è da intendersi come il mio personale tentativo di strutturare un percorso iniziale e modellabile a seconda del tipo di indirizzo della scuola. Chi vorrà potrà effettuare miglioramenti su quanto da me scritto.
Il percorso scelto è un estratto delle lezioni svolte durante i miei corsi di elettronica, sistemi ed impianti elettrici. Nelle slide vi sono cenni teorici di elettrotecnica che non sostituiscono in alcun modo il libro di testo, ma vogliono essere un primo passo per condurre il lettore ad un approfondimento su testi specializzati.
Il corso è basato sulla piattaforma Open Source e Open Hardware Arduino e fa uso dell’Arduino starter kit. Questa scelta non implica l’adozione di queste slide in corsi che non fanno uso di questo kit, ma è semplicemente una scelta organizzativa per lo svolgimento di questo corso di formazione. Alle proposte incluse nel kit ho aggiunto ulteriori sperimentazioni. Tutti i componenti possono essere acquistati separatamente.
Ulteriori approfondimenti e risorse a questo corso possono essere trovate sul mio sito personale al seguente link:
http://www.maffucci.it/area-studenti/arduino/
Nella sezione dedicata ad Arduino, sul mio sito personale, oltre ad ulteriori lezioni, di cui queste slide ne sono una sintesi, è possibile consultare un manuale di programmazione, in cui vengono dettagliate le istruzioni. Per rendere pratico l’utilizzo del manuale ne è stata realizzata anche una versione portable per dispositivi mobili iOS e Android, maggiori informazioni possono essere trovate seguendo il link: http://wp.me/p4kwmk-23g
Una presentazione orientata a quanti hanno bisogno di avere una panoramica iniziale della piattaforma arduino con un approccio alla "prima faccio, poi torno su quello che ho fatto e capisco meglio" ;)
Il modulo MyFleet è un versatile dispositivo mobile plug & play che consente di effettuare la localizzazione del mezzo, controllare e comandare diversi dispositivi di bordo, effettuare servizi di telemetria del motore e rilevare in tempo eventuali anomalie.
MyFleet Enteprirse, unitamente ad un display automotive (opzionale) offre anche servizi comunicazione con l’autista e stampa di documenti a bordo del veicolo.
La black box è facilemente installabile a bordo di qualsiasi mezzo ed è equipaggiato con interfaccia CAN-bus per la diagnostica del veicolo fornendo informazioni:
*Km percorsi
*Litri di carburante consumati
*Valori del LIVELLO SERBATOIO
*Rifornimenti/Perdite di carburante
*Consumo medio
*Economia medio
*Tempo veicolo acceso/spento
*Velocità media
*Velocità massima
*Stile di guida (giri motore, velocità, frenate)
2. L'obiettivo del progetto è realizzare un controllo
automatico della posizione angolare di un pannello
fotovoltaico in modo da massimizzare la resa energetica
3. Materiale utilizzato
Scheda Arduino uno
Mini pannello fotovoltaico
Motore passo passo e
4 resistenze e 2 pulsanti
470Ω1KΩ
2 foto resistenze
Regolatore di carica, batteria e
una lampadina
4. Schema a blocchi: i due sensori, i fine corsa, arduino, il motore.
Il sistema misura la luminosità sui due bordi del pannello, grazie agli ingressi
analogici di Arduino, quindi agisce sul motore in modo da minimizzare la
differenza tra i due valori ….
5. Schema elettrico
Il sistema è alimentato a 5VDC. Le fotoresitenze attraverso un partitore resistivo
generano un segnale analogico mentre i finecorsa un segnale digitale.
Il motore passo passo richiede un driver di potenza gestito da 4 pin di uscita di
Arduino ed una alimentazione separata.
6. Start
int Steps2Take;
float RF1 = 0;
float RF2 = 0;
float A = 0;
int val = 0;
float RF1 = analogRead(A0);
float RF2 = analogRed(A1);
RF1 = ((5*RF1)/1023);
RF2 = (5*RF2)/1023);
RF1>RF2
A=RF1 - RF2 A=RF2 – RF1
A>0.06
A
Dichiarazione ed
inizializzazione delle
variabili
DIAGRAMMA DI FLUSSO DEL SW
Lettura analogica dei due
sensori di luminosità e
conversione in un campo
tra 0 e 5....
Si calcola il valore
assoluto della differenza
7. if ( val == 0)
val= digitalRead(12);
break
RF1>RF2
A>0.06
A
small_stepper.setSpeed(200);
Steps2Take = 6;
small_stepper.step(Steps2Take);
float RF1 = analogRead(A0);
float RF2 = analogRead(A1);
RF1 = ((5*RF1)/1023)-0.10;
RF2 = (5*RF2)/1023;
RF1>RF2
A=RF1-RF2
A=RF2-RF1
B
B
Rotazione oraria.
Si controlla il fine corsa
relativo: se è attivo si ritorna
all'inizio del SW altrimenti si
entra in un ciclo che aziona il
motore in senso orario finchè
RF1 > RF2 oppure si raggiunge
il finecorsa.
8. if ( val == 0)
val= digitalRead(13);
break
A>0.06
B
small_stepper.setSpeed(200);
Steps2Take = -6;
small_stepper.step(Steps2Take);
float RF1 = analogRead(A0);
float RF2 = analogRead(A1);
RF1 = ((5*RF1)/1023);
RF2 = (5*RF2)/1023;
RF1>RF2
A=RF1-RF2
A=RF2-RF1
END
Rotazione antioraria.
Si controlla il fine corsa
relativo: se è attivo si ritorna
all'inizio del SW altrimenti si
entra in un ciclo che aziona il
motore in senso orario finchè
RF1 > RF2 oppure si raggiunge
il finecorsa.
9. Dopo avere fatto il diagramma di flusso l’ho tradotto in linguaggio c per il programmatore
Arduino
#include <Stepper.h>
#define STEPS 100
Stepper small_stepper(STEPS, 2, 4, 3, 5);
int Steps2Take;
float RF1 = 0;
float RF2 = 0;
float A = 0;
int val = 0;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
float RF1 = analogRead(A0);
float RF2 = analogRead(A1);
RF1 = ((5*RF1)/1023)-0.10;
RF2 = (5*RF2)/1023;
if ( RF1 > RF2)
A = RF1 - RF2;
else
A = RF2 - RF1;
delay (1000);
if ( A< 0.06)
{
}
else
{
if( RF1 > RF2)
{
while ( A >0.06)
{
val= digitalRead(12);
if ( val == LOW)
{
break;
}
small_stepper.setSpeed(200);
Steps2Take = 6;
small_stepper.step(Steps2Take);
delay(50);
float RF1 = analogRead(A0);
float RF2 = analogRead(A1);
RF1 = ((5*RF1)/1023)-0.10;
RF2 = (5*RF2)/1023;
if ( RF1 > RF2)
A = RF1 - RF2;
else
A = RF2 - RF1;
}
}
else
{
while (A >0.06)
{
val= digitalRead(13);
if( val == LOW)
{
break;
}
small_stepper.setSpeed(50);
Steps2Take = -6;
small_stepper.step(Steps2Take);
delay(55);
float RF1 = analogRead(A0);
float RF2 = analogRead(A1);
RF1 = ((5*RF1)/1023);
RF2 = (5*RF2)/1023;
if ( RF1 > RF2)
A = RF1 - RF2;
else
A = RF2 - RF1;
}
}
}
10. Molto impegnativa è stata la realizzazione della parte
meccanica; ho dovuto superare problemi di
bilanciamento del pannello e del suo collegamento
all'asse del motore che è risultato leggermente
sottodimensionato.
11. Conclusioni
E' stato un lavoro molto appassionante e il buon risultato mi
ha gratificato del notevole impegno che ho profuso per
diverse settimane.
Sarebbe interessante applicare questa esperienza ad un
pannello fotovoltaico di maggiori dimensioni: elettricamente
si pone il problema del comando di un motore molto più
performante, mentre il sw sostanzialmente rimarrebbe
immutato.
Un altro aspetto da approfondire è valutare se effettivamente
la resa energetica del pannello orientabile riesce a bilanciare
il consumo e la maggiore complessità di un controllo
continuo