This slide talks about environmental outcomes of climate change

1. To The Ph. D Thesis
Presentation
A Study on the Climate Change and
Livelihood in Sundarban Bangladesh
WELCOME

2. Presented By
Shaikh Faridul Islam
ID No: Ph. D-1111189
Reg. No: Ph. D-BD-11190
Professor Dr. Md. Sadrul Amin
Ex-Dean, Faculty of Post Graduate Studies
HMD Science and Technology University
Chairman, Department of HRD
ISLES International University, UK (BD Office)
Supervisor
Isles International University, UK
Corporate Suite B-03-09, 3rd Floor, Gateway Corporate Suites
Gateway Kiaramas, Mont Kiara, No. 1 Jalan Desa Kiara
50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
http://www.iiuedu.org

3. I have joined Neptune Orient Lines (NOL), Singapore national shipping lines in 1992 soon
after attend the masters exam. Within four years of service, I won NOL “CEO AWARD 1996”
for outstanding contribution through consistent performance & demonstration of service
excellence. I have started own shipping business in 1999 and achieved “Best Customer
Award 2006-2007 from Hyundai Shipping Korea. I have visited many countries in the world
(America, Canada, England, France, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Italy,
Turkey, KSA, UAE, Srilanka, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, China, Hong
Kong, Korea & Japan).
I started social work from very early stage of my life. Now I have actively involved in social,
human rights, charitable and environmental organizations. I have got many award as “Best
Lion for 2008-2009, 2009-2010 & 2010-2011”, best social worker in 2010, best human rights
worker in 2012.
At present, I’m permanent member of Kurmitola Golf Club and Secretary of Dhaka Mega
City Lions Club. I elected as President of Pink City Home Owners Association Ltd, Senior
Vice Chairman at Centre for Human Right movement, Chief Coordinator of “Save the
Sundarbans”.
I am Shaikh Faridul Islam born on 3rd January 1970 at Village Baradia,
PS. Rampal, District: Bagerhat, Bangladesh. I have completed SSC
(1984) from Baintala Kashipur High school & H.S.C. (1986) from Abul
Kalam College, Rampal, Bagerhat. I have obtained B. A. Honors & M.A. in
Philosophy (session 1989-1990 exam held in 1992) from Dhaka
University.
Student’s Profile

4. Introduction
Climate Change is an important dreaded
problem of the new millennium. Bangladesh is
already an innocent victim of climate change. It
is a coastal country bounded by Bay of Bengal
on its southern part and here natural disasters
are an ongoing part of human life. The impacts
of climate change alter the function, productivity
of ecosystem and livelihood. The coastal area
people are continuously facing cyclone, storm
and flood. Here mangrove forest Sundarbans
play an important role for maintaining the
coastal ecosystem and provide a variety of
environmental supports. The Sundarbans is the
world biggest mangrove forest. It covers 10,000
km2 between Bangladesh and India. The
Sundarbans portion of Bangladesh is about
62% and covers an area of 6017 km2. It was
declared as world natural heritage site by the
UNESCO in 1997 and as a Ramsar site in 1992
already.

5. Climate Change in Bangladesh
Bangladesh is located between two different setting, Himalayas in north &
Bay of Bengal in south. This region climate regulate by these two natural
setting. The geographical location of Bangladesh makes the country
vulnerable to climate change. Threats of climate change are sea level rise,
floods, cyclones, land erosion, salinity intrusion and epidemic disease.
Most of the impact of climate change comes to the country from Bay of
Bengal and adjacent Indian Ocean. Bay of Bengal is a place of cyclone
generation place. Gray (1968) estimated that 10% of the world’s tropical
cyclone form in this bay. About 14% of cyclone formed in Bay of Bengal
between 1881 and 1990 hits in Bangladesh and 49% of world death
occurred in this country due to cyclone. In 1970 and 1991 two super
cyclones caused the death of about 500,000 and 138,000 people
respectively. In 2007 super cyclone SIDR and NARGIS and in 2009 AILA
severely affected Bangladesh and Myanmar coastal area. Due climate
change the flood affected area of Bangladesh also undergone significant
increase and almost every year some part of the country are affecting by
floods. In 1998 about two-third of the country was flooded, which cause
significant loss of life & property.

6. Sundarban
Sundarban extn

7. Sundarbans and Risk Reduction of
Climate Change
The Sundarbans ecosystem is dominated by mangrove trees
and act as primary producer. Sundarbans provides economic
and environmental benefits that well beyond the function served
in reducing impact from climate change. Mangroves can fix
greater amount of CO2 and accumulate carbon in the soil in
huge amount. Hence plantation of mangrove provides greater
benefits to control global climate change by atmospheric carbon.
The Sundarbans protect the environment by protecting coastal
areas communities from cyclone, storm, waves, tidal currents,
Tsunami and typhoon. Thus, mangrove Sundarbans is a part of
the solution to climate change in the coastal community of
Bangladesh by stabilizing and protecting coastal regions and
providing environmental resources.

8. Sundarban Livelihood
Sundarbans and its savanna area play a significant role for the
livelihood of inhabitants and in the national economy of Bangladesh.
Sundarbans serve as habitat for many species, including fish, birds,
reptiles, deer, world famous Royal Bengal Tiger etc. Major activities in
Sundarbans area are fishing, shrimp farming, collection of fuel wood,
fry collection, honey collection etc. Day by day people are depending
more on Sundarbans resources due to less work in their local area.
About a dozen of donor-funded projects have been implemented since
1950s in protecting natural resources sectors including forestry, water,
agriculture, fishery, oil and gas. Out of them, Costal Embankment
Project (1960-67), Khulna Jessore Drainage Rehabilitation Project
(1995-2002), Gorai River Restoration Project (1995-2002) and
Sundarban Biodiversity Conservation Project (SBCP, 2002-06) are the
major projects operated in Sundarban area (BARC-FAO/UNDP 2008).

9. AEZ (UNDP) Based Livelihood
Recently the total
Bangladesh has been divided
into 30 Agro-Ecological
Zones (AEZ) of which AEZ 13
Ganges Tidal Floodplain the
largest zone including
Sundarban along with 8 Sub-
zones and 5 soil series were
stated to be critical area. The
8 Sub-zones were reported to
vary on livelihood aspects
which is degrading very
rapidly (BARC-FAO/UNDP
2008) due to various human
activities.

10. The Objectives
The current situation reviews on Sundarban forest allied local
livelihood states that the overall impacts of the livelihood
actions local employment and agricultural productivity and
environment, were found to be less positive.
In the light of the recognized rights of the local people on
common natural resources for sustainable management of
Sundarban, the present piece of research was formulated with
the following objectives:
1. To know the changeable parameters of climate in the
Ganges Tidal AEZs.
2. To assess the extent of the mangrove livelihood elements
in different areas of Sundarban Savanna.
3. To visualize the future trend of climate, land, soil,
biodiversity and livelihood changes in Sundarban
Bangladesh.

11. Methods and Materials
1. Survey: Survey using a specified guideline for identifying the priority
issues of the target Tidal-Coastal and Sundarbans Agro-Ecological
Zones.
2. Focus Group Discussion (FGD): Conducting discussion session
with pertinent questions with the respective stakeholders.
3. Conducting Interactive Sessions (CIS): Cross Interpretation of
dominant parameters illustrating the biophysical status and needs for
Sundarbans livelihood.
The research program has been conducted using the
following methods and materials:

12. Questionnaire Summary
Give tick mark to any 2 of each question
Q1. What is the main element
of Sundarban Biosphere
Reserve (SBR)
Sundari
tree
Swamp
ecology
Savanna
livelihood
Aqua lives
Q2. What is the main
jurisdictions of SBR
Reserve
forest
River
dynamics
Forest +
savanna
Declared
area
Q3. What is the name of
declared area of
Sundarban
Sundarban Sundarban
Region
Sundarban
Bangladesh
Sundarban
SDB West
Bengal
Q4. Which area is now in
critical stage
Savanna
areas
Mid area Southern
area
North
eastern
areas
Q5. What is done by the
inhabitants in the
Sundarban
Fishing Timber
material
collection
Honey
collection
Herb fuel
collection

13. Study Sites

14. Questionnaire Summary
Give tick mark to any 2 of each question
Q6. Who are the users of
Sundarban
Labour Farmer Businessm
an
Tourist
Q7. How the Sundarban
resource is affected
People’s
exploitation
Govt.
intervention
Anti-
biosphere
projects
Accelerated
siltation
Q8. Do you think that
Sundarban savanna
should be maintained
Strongly yes Yes Strongly no No
Q9. What should be the
Savanna area of
Sundarban
10 km 20km 30km 40 km
Q10. Do you think that Any
heat generation in the
Savanna will destroy
the Sundarban
Strongly yes Yes Strongly no No

15. Sundarban Deep Forests and Rivers (AEZ 13 f)

16. Sundarban AEZ (UNDP BARC) data
Age : Age Sundarban system: Around 6000 years
Major animals status
• It is estimated that there are now 400 Royal Bengal Tigers and about
30,000 spotted deer in the area of Sundarbans Bangladesh.
Other Species:
Snake, monkeys, dolphins, Salt-Water Crocodiles, sea turtles, etc.
Sundarbans is home to many different species of birds, mammals,
insects and fishes. Over 120 species of fish and over 260 species of
birds.
• Principal source of livelihood for Sundarban people
Monocropped but diversified system agriculture
• People in Sundarbans depend on forest for livelihood
About 15% people involves Sundarbans Region for fishing, honey
collection, wood-cutting and shrimp fry collection.
• Tiger prawn seed collection: To collect a Shrimp fry, at least 70 fish
seedlings of other species get destroyed and it is dangerous to
Sundarbans ecosystem.

17. Notes
• Spot visited:
Harabaria, Karamjal Crocoile breeding centre, Joymoni etc, in Chanpai Range,
Munsigonj-Shamnagor in Burigoalina Range, Baliadanga-koyra in Khulna Range
and Rayenda, Kharoikhali in Sarankhola Range.
• Sundarbans tiger a man-eater:
Normally tiger goes for cattle as its prey. All the cases of Tiger killing man is when
man enters into forest. No doubt, Sundarbans is a hostile territory and even for
tiger, it is extremely difficult to hunt due to limited prey base and muddy terrain. So,
man in the forest is considered another prey, which is much easily available as
compared to deer or other wild animal, which can move faster in the slushy terrain.
Tiger stray out of forest due to old age/injury when hunting becomes difficult or loss
of direction in a territory mix together with water and land (Forest or village).
• Local Human Population and Livelihood:
Approximately 2.5 million people lived a small villages and surrounding the
Sundarbans in 1981 which by 1991 had increased to 3 million (Ministry of
Environment & Forests, 1995). As per forest sources, they found 35,330 people
worked in the forest, 4,580 of whom collected timber and firewood, 1,350 collected
honey and 4,500 harvested the natural resources and hunted mainly deer and
24,900 were fisherman. Today, the Sundarbans area provides a livelihood for
about 5 million people.

18. Results and Discussion
The results obtained from the present studies are
analyzed and mentioned here in both tabular and
graphical forms.

19. 1. Main Element of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR)
Sundari
Tree
Swamp
Ecology
Savanna
Livelihood
Aqua
Lives
69.61% 3.92% 13.73% 12.75%
Main element of sundarban biosphere Reserve
Swamp
Ecology
4%
Savanna
Livelihood
14%
Aqua Lives
13%
Sundari Tree
69%
Most of the people (69%) believe that Sundari tree is the main
element of Sundarban biosphere Reserve.

20. 2. Main Jurisdictions of SBR
Reserve
Forest
River
Dynamics
Forest +
Savanna
Declared
Area
Percentage 51.96% 4.90% 37.25% 5.88%
Coastal area people about 52% believe that main jurisdictions of SBR
is “Reserve Forest” and about 38% mentioned it is “Forest +
Savanna”

21. 3. Name of declared area of Sundarban
Sundarban
Sundarban
Region
Sundarban
Bangladesh
Sundarban SDB West
Bengal
Percentage 54 8 38 0.00%
About 54% inhabitants of Sunderban BD said the name of
declare area of Sunderban is “Sundarban” and 38%
people said it is “Sundarban Bangladesh”

22. 4. Critical Areas
Area at critical stage
0
20
40
60
80
Savanna
Mid
South
North
Savanna Mid South North
Percentage 62 31 6 1
Due to Climate Change and various human activities keeps the Sunderban is
risk. According to survey 62% inhabitants mention that savanna area is at
critical stage and 31% said mid area is at critical stage.

23. 5. Professions of inhabitants in the Sundarban
Profession of Sundarban people
Fishing Golpata Timber Honey Herb fuel
Fishing Golpata /Timber Honey Herb fuel
Percentage 55 33 7 5
A large portion of coastl population depends on sunderban resources for their
livelihood. Almost 55% are fisherman and 33% are timber collectors.

24. 6. Users of Sundarban
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Percent
1
Users of Sundarban
Labour Farmer Businessman Tourist
Labour Farmer Businessman Tourist
Percentage 57 20 10 13
Coastal areas people are using Sunderban for their livelihood. In Sunderban
57% people are labour working in various field like fishing, wood collection,
honey collection and herb fuel etc. About 20% farmer are using Sunderban as
their own land has lost the fertility due to increasing of salinity level.

25. 7. Sundarban resource is affected
People’s
exploitation
Govt.
Intervention
Anti-biosphere
Project
Accelerated
siltation
Percentage 76.47% 11.76% 7.84% 3.92%
Sundarban resources area affecting because of
“Peoples exploitation” 77% respondents given
their opinions during the study survey.

26. 8. Sunderban Maintance
No Specification of Ministry/ Directorate.

27. 9. Savanna Protection Distance
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Percent
Savanna protection distance
Series1 78 9 3 0
10 -20 km 20 -30 km 30 -40 km >40 km
10 -20 km 20 -30 km 30 -40 km >40 km
Percentage 78 9 3 0
In order to protect Sunderban, 78% people advise to keep 10-20 km.
Savanna area.

28. 10. Do you think that any heat generation in the
Savanna will destroy the Sundarban
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
Savanna Conservation
Yes
Strongly
Yes
Strongly Yes Yes Strongly No No
Percentage 56 43 0 1
During the study survey, we found 99% people believe that red type industry
or heat generation in Savanna will destroy the Sundarban.

29. Most of the people (69%) believe that Sundari tree is the main element of
Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve.
A large portion of coastal population depends on sundarbans resources for
their livelihood. Almost 55% are fisherman and 33% are timber collectors.
Coastal areas people are using Sundarbans for their livelihood. In Sundarbans
57% people are labour working in various field like fishing, wood collection,
honey collection and herb fuel etc. About 20% farmer are using Sunderban as
their own land has lost the fertility due to increasing of salinity level.
Sundarban resources area affecting because of “Peoples exploitation” 77%
people given their opinions during the study survey. Due to Climate Change
and various human activities keeps the Sunderban in risk. According to survey
62% inhabitants mention that savanna area is at critical stage.
In order to protect Sunderban, 78% people advise to keep 10-20 km. Savanna
area. During the study survey, we found 99% people strongly believe that red
type industry or heat generation in Savanna will destroy the Sundarbans.
Summary

30. Recommendations
1. Sundarbans and its developmental studies should have inform
climatic and biological parameters including savanna, soil salinity and
based on Sundarbans needs. It should be included the weather and
meteorological database.
2. The population pressure on forest resources is severe. Participatory
approach with the local people must be considered in the
conservation of Sundarbans resources, so that the resource
continues to provide for the present as well as for the future.
3. One identical board like administration is required for Sundarbans
conservation and coordination with all parties related to Sundarbans.
Further research are required on the siltation, wild life categorization
Sundari species distribution and alternate livelihood.

31. Thank You…