This document provides an overview of disaster management, focusing on earthquakes. It defines a disaster and describes natural disasters and their effects. Specific details are given about earthquakes, including causes, effects, and facts. The 2010 Haiti earthquake is summarized, along with recovery efforts. The four phases of emergency management - mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery - are also outlined.

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT

3. PRESENTED BY…

5. Thus, in simple terms we can define disaster as a hazard causing heavy loss to life, property and livelihood.

7. NATURAL DISASTER Natural disasters are often frightening & difficult for us to understand,because we have no control over when & where they happen Places that are more likely to have natural disasters, such as the earthquake-prone Pacific Ring of Fire,or coastal areas vulnerable to hurricanes,require accurate methods of predicting disasters and warning the public quickly natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard that affects the environment, & leads to financial,environmental & human losses.

8. EARTHQUAKE An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor, or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. An earthquake is the shaking & vibration of the Earth’s crust due to movement of plates

9. Cont…. Earthquakes can happen along any type of plate boundary. They also occur along faults which are large cracks in the earth’s crust. Most faults are associated with large plate boundaries where violent earthquakes usually occur.

10. CAUSES EARTHQUAKES? eruption of volcanoes: which are sudden,& as is known volcanoes are seat of inner disturbance and can effect the plates. disturbance in the movement of plates: which again can be caused due to various reasons like under crust waves or cracks in the plates.

11. EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES PRIMARY EFFECTSoccur immediately, and are all due to the shaking of the ground e.g. buildings collapsing, destruction of roads and bridges. Primary effects: - Over 20,000 deaths - More than 100,000 buildings were destroyed - Over 100,000 families homeless. - Transport links destroyed - Landslides SECONDARY EFFECTShappen afterwards, but can be even more devastating e.g. fire, tidal waves and disease and landslides Secondary effects: - Services unavailable e.g. water, electricity and sewage Intense heat and dust (people who were made homeless had no shelter, thus were exposed)

13. The measure of the shaking due to the earthquake is called as the 'intensity'. Earthquakes do occur in cold, hot or rainy climate and so, the concept of 'earthquake weather' has not been established.

14. A majority of earthquakes have been recorded at a depth of less than 80 km i.e. 50 miles below the earth's surface

15. Most of the earthquakes take place along plate boundaries. For example, the boundary between the Pacific plate and the North American plate or the huge Pacific plate.

17. The earthquake occurred at 16:53 local time on Tuesday, 12 January 2010.

18. The Haitian Government reports that,217,000-230,000 people dead 300,000 injured 1,000,000 homeless 250,000 residences 30,000 commercial buildings

19. Cont…… The earthquake caused major damage to port-au-prince, jacmel and other settlements in the region. Among those killed were archbishopofport-au-prince josephsergemiot and opposition leader michagaillard. The headquarters of the unitednationsstabilizationmissioninhaiti , located in the capital, collapsed, killing many, including the mission's chief, hédiannabi

20. In the nights following the earthquake, many people in Haiti slept in the streets, on pavements, in their cars, or in makeshift shantytowns either because their houses had been destroyed, or they feared standing structures would not withstand aftershocks

22. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited Haiti on 16 January to survey the damage and stated that US$48 million had been raised already in the U.S. to help Haiti recover.

24. MESSAGE FROM PRIME MINISTER Prime Minister Bellerive announced that from January 20, people would be helped to relocate outside the zone of devastation, to areas where they may be able to rely on relatives or better fend for themselves; people who have been made homeless would be relocated to the makeshift camps created by residents within the city, where a more focused delivery of aid and sanitation could be achieved.

25. PHASES The process of emergency management involves four phases: Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery

27. The mitigation phase differs from the other phases because it focuses on long-term measures for reducing or eliminating risk.

28. The implementation of mitigation strategies can be considered a part of the recovery process if applied after a disaster occurs.Mitigative measures can be structural or non-structural.

30. proper maintenance and training of emergency services, including mass human resources.

31. development and exercise of emergency population warning methods combined with emergency shelters and evacuation plans.

32. stockpiling, inventory, and maintain disaster supplies and equipment

34. This is likely to include a first wave of core emergency services etc. A well rehearsed emergency plan developed as part of the preparedness phase enables efficient coordination of rescue.

36. It differs from the response phase in its focus; recovery efforts are concerned with issues and decisions that must be made after immediate needs are addressed.

37. Recovery efforts are primarily concerned with actions that involve rebuilding destroyed property, re-employment, and the repair of other essential infrastructure.