This is an academic document for water for the nursing students.

3. UNIT-8
WATER
Prepared By - Ajara Bhattarai
Roll No-21
BNS2nd Year
T/L Practicum
Maharajgunj Nursing Campus

4. General Objective
• At the end of this session BSc Nursing 1st year
students will be able to explain about safe and
wholesome water.

5. Specific Objectives
At the end of this session BSc 1st year students
will be able to:
• introduce water.
• define safe and wholesome water.
• state the uses of water.
• explain the requirement of water.
• identify water related challenges.

6. Introduction
• Water is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless,
colorless substance and the fluid of all known
living organism.
• It is a simple combination of hydrogen and
oxygen ion.
• Water covers 70.9% of the earth surface
mainly the sea and oceans.
• World Water Day is celebrated on 22nd of
March.

7. Introduction Cont’d
• Sustainable Development Goal 6 is to “Ensure
availability and sustainable management of
water and sanitation for all”.
• In 1981 the 34th World Health Assembly in a
resolution emphasized safe drinking water as a
basic concept of Primary Health Care.
• On 28th July 2008 UN General Assembly
declared safe and clean drinking water and
sanitation a human right.

8. Safe and Wholesome Water
Water intended for human consumption should
be both safe and whole some which must be:
• Free from pathogenic agents,
• Free from harmful chemical substances,
• Pleasant to taste i.e., free from color and odour
and
• Usable for domestic purposes,
Water is said to be polluted if it does not fulfill
above criteria.

9. Uses of Water
1. Domestic Use
• Domestic water use is the consumption of
water for household purpose.
• Around 3% of water is used in the domestic
purpose in Nepal (World press 2013).

10. Domestic Use

11. Uses of Water Cont’d
2. Public Use
• Water required for the public utility purpose
such as for washing drains and street, fire
fighting, maintenance of public garden,
swimming pools ornamental ponds of
numerous other civic purposes.
• These activities require large quantity of
water.

12. Public Use

13. Uses of Water Cont’d
3. Industrial Use
• It is used to manufacture goods, dispose of
waste and generate power.
• Industry accounts for 19% of water used
worldwide.
• Most of the water is used to cool power plants.
• In Nepal industrial sector accounts 1% of
water used (World press 2013).

14. Industrial use

15. Uses of Water Cont’d
4. Agricultural Use
• No food can grow without water so it is
essential for cultivation of food, fruits,
vegetables etc.
• Around 96% of water is used in agricultural
sector in Nepal.

16. Agricultural use

17. Uses of Water Cont’d
5. Trade and Business
• Different business and trade centers like
hotels, restaurant, dairies, laundry, hospital
require adequate water for both drinking,
bathing, washing and other purposes.
• Such trades and business are to be maintained
in hygienic condition and sanitation should be
strictly insisted which requires large quantity
of water.

18. Trade and Business

19. Uses of Water Cont’d
6. Production of electricity
• Hydropower production for electricity and for
production of steam power.
• 81.4% of Nepal’s population depend on
electricity derived from hydropower.
• Currently there is increasing demand of
electricity for commercial purpose, electrical
vehicle.

20. Production of Hydropower

21. Uses of Water Cont’d
7. Flushing of waste
• Carrying away waste from all manner of
establishments and productions.
• It is also known as wastewater.

22. Waste water

23. Requirement of Water
1. Domestic Use
According to UN General Assembly
• Water for personal and domestic uses requires 50
to 100 lt per person/day to ensure most basic
needs and few health problems arise.
• The water must be safe, acceptable and
affordable. The water cost should not exceed 3%
of household income.
• The water sources must be within 1000m. of the
home and collection time should not exceed 30
minutes.

24. Domestic Use Cont’d
• The daily physiological requirement of water
is 2lt/day. This is for survival.
• A daily supply of 150-200 liters per capita is
considered as adequate supply to meet the
supply of all urban and domestic purpose.

25. Requirement of water cont’d
2. Public Utility
• Water is used for the public building other than
the residential purposes such as for hotels,
schools, public gardens, nursing home , hospital
etc.
• Water requirement for hospital not exceeding 100
beds is 340lt/ day/ capita and for beds exceeding
100 is 455lt/capita/day. Water consumptions for
nursing home and medical quarters is
135lt/day/capita.

26. Requirement of water cont’d
3. Industrial Purpose
• Water requirement differs according to the
types of industry, hotels, power stations and
cities in which it is existing. As in case of
sugar industry water requirement is 10lt/kg and
in case of steel industry it requires 50lt/kg.

27. Requirement of water cont’d
4. Extinguishing Fire
• Water is used by municipal body for adequate
protection against fire.
• During fire large quantity of water is required
to be supplied to fire spot.

28. Requirement of water cont’d
5. Agricultural Use
• Water is utilized for irrigation purpose which is
required needs for plants and crops for
growing. The consumption of water depends
on the climatic condition. A daily supply of
150-200lt per head is considered as adequate
allowance.

29. Water Related Challenges

31. Summary

32. Post Test

33. References
• Basavanthapa, BT.( 2016). “Community Health
Nursing”, 3rd edition, Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers(P) ltd.
• Dahal, K. Rai, A.(2012). “A text book of
Community Health Nursing I”, 4th edition, Makalu
Publication.
• Park, K.(2021). “Park’s Textbook of Preventive and
Social Medicine”, 26th Edition, M/s Banarsidas
Bhanot Publishers Pune.
• Manandhar, M.(2018). “Community Health
Nursing”, 2nd edition, Akshav Publication.

34. • Rao S, B.(2010). Principles of Community Medicine,5th
edition, Aitbs Publishers, page no: Stanhope M. and
Lancaster J.(1984) Community Health Medicine, 2nd
edition, Mosby publisher
• https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-
change-and-health/water-sanitation-and-
health/water-safety-and-quality retrieved on
2/12/2021.
• https://www.who.int/health-topics/water-sanitation-
and-hygiene-wash retrieved on 1/12/2021.
• https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/water
retrieved on 2/12/2021

35. Home Assignment
• Calculate the amount of water required for you
in 1 day.

36. Plan for next class
• In next class we will be studying about sources
of water and its impurities.