Managers coordinate and oversee the work of others in an organization. There are four main managerial functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning involves deciding future courses of action. Organizing establishes how work will be structured and allocated. Leading involves motivating employees. Controlling monitors performance and ensures standards are met. Managers also require technical, human, and conceptual skills to perform their roles, which include interpersonal, informational, and decision-making responsibilities.

2. What is Manager?
• Managers are a persons to coordinate and oversees work of others
people of in organization.
• In other words we can say; A person responsible for controlling or an
administering an organization or group of staff.

3. Managerial functions
There are four managerial functions are below
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Leading
4. Controlling

4. Planning
• Planning is the basic managerial function. Planning is future course of
action means what to intend;(5 W,s) deciding in advance.
• What is to be done?
• Why is to be done?
• Where is to be done?
• Who will to be do it?
• When is to be done?

5. Organizing
• Organizing is a second managerial function. Who is who?
• Management functions that involves arranging and structure work to
accomplish the organization's goals.
• Establishing the framework of working.
• what task are to be done?
• Who will do them?
• Who control to whom?
• Who will report to whom?
• What recourses will be allocated?

6. Leading
• Leading is a third managerial function that accomplish by
communicating, motivating, inspiring and encouraging employees
toward a higher level of productivity.
• Management function that involves working with and through
people to accomplish organizational goal.

7. controlling
• Controlling is a final managerial function that involves monitoring,
comparing and correcting work performance.
• Therefore controlling has following steps.
1. Establishment of standard performance.
2. Measurement of actual performance.
3. Comparison of actual performance the standard and finding out
deviation If any.
4. Corrective action.

8. Managerial skills
• There are three managerial skills are below
1. Technical skills
2. Human skills
3. Conceptual skills

9. Technical skills(practical)
Technical skills include knowledge and techniques in a certain
specialized fields such as a engineer, accounting and manufacturing.
These skills are important for low level of management.

10. Human skills
• The ability to work well with other people both individually and in
groups. Managers with good human skills are able to get the best out
of their people. These skills are equally important at all levels of
management.

11. Conceptual skills
• conceptual skill involves the formulation of ideas. Managers
understand abstract relationships, develop ideas, and solve problems
creatively. Conceptual skill has to do with ideas.

12. Managerial Roles
• There are three managerial roles.
1. Interpersonal role
2. Informational role
3. Decisional role

13. Interpersonal Role
• In interpersonal roles, the manager is responsible for managing
relationships within and outside the organization. The manager must
play a role as a figurehead, a leader and a liaison.

14. Informational Role
• In informational roles, the manager is responsible for gathering and
distributing information to the stakeholders of the organization. Types
of informational roles are monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson.

15. Decisional Role
• In decisional roles, the manager is responsible for processing
information and reaching conclusions. Types of decisional roles are
entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator and negotiator.