The document provides guidance on public speaking and presentations. It discusses that public speaking involves informing, influencing, or entertaining an audience. Good speakers can change listeners' emotions, not just inform them. Presentations should have a defined purpose to inform, explain, or present a viewpoint, and include a question and answer session. The document then provides tips for various aspects of preparing and delivering presentations, including overcoming fears, practicing, using body language and voice effectively, and concluding the presentation.

1. Public Speaking &
Presentations

2.  Public speaking is speaking to a group of
people in a structured, deliberate manner
intended to inform, influence, or entertain
the listeners.
 A good Speaker should be able to change
the emotions of their listener, not just
inform them.
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3.  It is more complex and is delivered before a
knowledgeable audience .
 Its purpose is more concretely and precisely
defined.
 Its purpose is to inform,explain or present a
point of view It is followed by a Q & A Session
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4.  Population
 No.1fear= Death
 Fear No.2= Public
Speaking
 Stage fright
-In spotlight
-unprepared
-inexperienced

5.  Sometimes an
Audience May
Seem
Intimidating
 But Always
Remember….

6.  Imagine
that you are
addressing
your friend
or a small
group of
friends

7.  Basic Elements
 Speaker/Presenter
 Audience
 Content
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8. INTRODUCTION 8
 Matter
 Language
 Style

9.  Preparation
◦ Research
◦ Format the speech
Introduction
Body
Conclusion

10.  Start with a proper GREETING to the audience
 ORGANISE your speech into three basic parts
 Attractive - INTRODUCTION
 Meaningful - MAIN SPEECH
 Clear & Crisp – CONCLUSION
 If you have not been introduced, introduce
yourself
 MAKE the introduction BRIEF but ATTENTION
GATHERING
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11.  OPEN your speech with any one of the four
techniques :
 Quotation
 Example
 Definition
 Humour
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12.  MAKE a single & clear statement of your point
 b) ELABORATE the point in few sentences
 c) Give one or two examples to support the
point
 EMPHASIZE your arguments but don’t show
bias.
 MOVE from one point to another -LOGICALLY &
SMOOTHLY
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13.  Try not to read your speech, but to speak with
the audience as you would speak with friends
 Use notes & refer as & when required
 AVOID grammatical faults
 USE correct pronunciation
 USE simple sentences.
 USE pauses appropriately
 AVOID Putting on an unnatural / foreign
accent
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14.  Conclude with words that tell the audience
that you have finished:
◦ You may summarize: For example, “In conclusion, I
have given you three reasons why this measure
should be adopted.”
◦ Thank them for their attention

15.  Prepare your speech or notes so you can refer
to your presentation easily
 Dress the way you want people to perceive
you
 nervousness- fright is common so.. before
speaking, make sure all is fine, take a deep
breath & and say to yourself: “I can do this.”
 Practice your hand gestures so they are
natural to you

16.  WALK at your normal pace to the dais when
called to speak
 STAND erect, but not stiff
 LOOK at the audience and SMILE
 SPEAK at your natural speed But FLUENTLY
 LOOK at different sections of the audience
once in a while.
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17.  Personal appearance
 Body language
 Use of voice
 Vary the Pitch
 Vary the speaking speed
 Vary the emphasis
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18.  Read directly from notes
 Read directly from screen
 Turn back on audience
 Slouch, hands in pockets
 No um, ah, you know’s
 No nervous gestures
 Talk too fast
 Lose your temper

19.  Make an outline of your case
 Choose your evidence and arguments
 Arrange them in the right order
 Give “road signs” to the audience so they
know what to expect
 Create a strong opening and closing

20.  Prepare your speech or notes so you can refer
to your presentation easily
 Dress the way you want people to perceive
you
 Before speaking, try to find a private place to
stand before a mirror, look at yourself, make
sure all is ok, and say to yourself: “I can do
this.”

21.  Ask a small group of friends – or even one
friend – to let you practice and to give you
useful tips about how to improve
 Learn your speech so you can refer to it
without reading it
 Practice speaking very clearly
 Practice speaking – NOT reading

22.  Practice your hand gestures so they are
natural to you
 Use a timer (for example, a watch) so that you
will know how long you have spoken. (You
may be surprised!)
 Listen to your friends and try to use their
comments to improve your speech
 Decide whether you will use a podium

23.  Try to look in the mirror and reassure
yourself first
 Be sure that you are introduced or that you
introduce yourself
 Be sure that there is a glass of water for
you

24.  Choose to use the podium or to speak
without a podium
 If you have not been introduced, introduce
yourself and thank the audience for coming
 Make your speech
◦ Be sure to make some eye contact with the
audience

25.  Draw on both reason and emotion
◦ Be reasonable and calm so that you can appeal to
the reason of those whom you wish to persuade
◦ Be emotional so that you can move to action those
whom you wish to move to action
 Try not to read your speech, but to speak
with the audience as you would speak with
friends

26.  Conclude with words that tell the audience
that you have finished:
◦ You may summarize: For example, “In conclusion, I
have given you three reasons why this measure
should be adopted.”
◦ Thank them for their attention

27.  If there is time and opportunity, invite them
to a conversation
 If you receive questions, be polite and listen
and then thank the questioner for the
question, even if it is hostile
 When time for questions and responses is
finished, thank them again for their attention

28.  You have made an effective speech.
 You have:
◦ Informed some fellow citizens
◦ Persuaded some fellow citizens
◦ Moved some fellow citizens to action