PCM allows for the digital transmission of analog data. It involves sampling an analog signal, quantizing the samples into discrete levels, and encoding the quantized levels into a digital bitstream. The receiving terminal decodes and reconstructs the analog signal using a decoder, low-pass filter, multiplexer, and demultiplexer. PCM offers advantages like long distance communication and higher noise immunity, though it requires a large bandwidth and complex circuits. It is used in applications such as satellite transmission systems, space communication, telephony, and CDs.

1. block diagram
of pcm.

2. Pulse code modulation:
 It is a digital scheme for transmitting analog data.
 The block diagram of PCM consist of 2 main
terminal:

3. Transmitting
terminal consist of:

4. Sampling:
Sampling is the reduction of a continuous-
time signal to a discrete-time signal.

5. Quantizer:
It is the process of mapping input values
from a largest set to output values in a smaller set.

6. Encoding:
It is the process of converting data into a
format required for a number of information
processing needs.

7. Receiving terminal
consist of:

8. Decoder:
It is the process of converting code into plain
text or any format that is useful for subsequent
processes.
Low pass filter:
It is a filter that passes signals with a
frequency lower than a certain cut-off frequency
and attenuates signals with frequencies higher
than cut-off frequency.

9. Receiving terminal set up:

10. Multiplexer:
Acts as a multiple input and single output
switch.

11. Demultiplexer:
It receives one input and distributes it over several
outputs.

12. Advantages:
Long distance communication.
Higher transmitter efficiency.
Higher noise immunity.
Disadvantages:
It requires large bandwidth.
The circuits are very complex.
Applications:
Used in satellite transmission system.
Space communication.
Telephony.
CD – Recent application of PCM.

13. Thank you