The document discusses the importance of research-extension-farmer-market linkages in agriculture, particularly for small and marginal farmers in Punjab. It highlights the issues of low adoption of technology and ineffective knowledge transfer, and recommends participatory approaches to enhance market-led extension. Innovations in direct marketing initiatives are presented as solutions to improve profitability and address production challenges.

1. AEX 601
Advances in Agricultural Extension
Kungumaselvan T
I-Ph.D
Agricultural Extension & Communication
2019607011 1

2. 1. Research-Extension-Farmer-Market Linkage
• Need
• Importance
• Example
2. Market Led Extension
• Need
• Importance
• Innovations in MLE
2
Synopsis

3. Research-Extension-Farmer-Market
Linkage
Market
3

4. Need
Research
problems – not
farmer centred
Ineffective
transfer of
knowledge
Low adoption of
technology
Low utilization of
research for agri
production system
Small & marginal
farmers were
affected
4

5. Importance of REFM Linkage
Farmers –
ultimate
beneficiaries
Market
profitability
Feedback from
the farmers
Need & location
specific
recommendation
Involvement in
problem identification
& adoption of
technology
5

6. Study on existing R-E-F-M Linkage in
Punjab - 2013
• Done by PAU – Dr. Manmeet and Dr. Ravinder
• 700 farmers from 3 districts
• Adopted and non-adopted villages of KVK were
selected.
• In all 3 districts – majority of the non- adopted
villages had low linkage.
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7. • An overall basis – farmers had low linkages in
all the three districts.
• 12.2 per cent in the adopted villages and 9.1
per cent of them in the non-adopted villages
- medium linkages with the researchers,
extensionists and market.
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8. Reasons for low linkage
• Researchers from PAU –research & teaching – not in
extension activities.
• Extension specialists –– due to teaching and partially
involved in research mandates too.
• Had contact with farmers coming for trainings,
demonstrations and phone call.
• Vacancy of ADO posts
• Poor transport facilities
• Target oriented subsidies
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9. Recommendations
• Participatory technology
generation approach
• Feedback
• Strict monitoring and evaluation
• Less wastage of resources
• Concentration on marketing,
processing, value addition
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10. Market Led Extension
MLE as a market ward orientation of agriculture
through extension includes agriculture and economics
and is the perfect blend for reaching at the door steps
of farming community with the help of appropriate
technology. (Khaleel, 2007)
10

11. Need for MLE
11
Conversion of agriculture production
sector to profit- oriented business
Food produce loss – 32% during 2009
due to lack of post-harvest management
Minimization of production cost
GDP loss - Existence of more middleman

12. 12
Importance of MLE
Adequate supply of
market information
Establishing linkage
b/w market and
agro processing
Direct marketing
Training on post-
harvest
management
Value addition

13. 13
Innovations in market
information

14. Kisan Mandi/Apni mandi
• Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan
• Direct contact between seller and buyer.
• No middleman.
• Price are considerably low.
• Fruits and vegetables.
14

15. Hadaspar vegetables market
• Direct marketing of vegetables.
• Pune, Maharashtra
• Maintained by Pune municipal corporation.
• Market space is given in rent for farmers.
• No commission agents.
15

16. Rythu Bazars
• Andra pradesh
• Fruits, vegetables and other essential food items.
• Price of the produce is 20% less than other nearby
markets.
• 95 Rythu Bazars are operating in AP.
• Maintained by APMC.
16

17. Shetkari Bazars
• Maharashtra
• Fruits and vegetables
• No intermediaries
• Facebook page
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18. Krishak Bazars
• Odisha
• Empower farmer-producer and products at
affordable price to the consumers.
• Govt. provides 1 to 2 acres of land at suitable
place free of cost for establishing the bazar.
• Beneficiaries were allowed to use marketing
facilities.
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19. 19
Production based problems
Seasonality
No uniform
supply
Perishability
Lack of
storage
Bulkiness
Transport
problem

20. 20
Non availability of market information
Middleman existence is high
Inability to attain export quality
Market based problems

21. 21
Extension based problems
Lack of
communication
skills
Lack of
credibility
Less
information
sources

22. Role of extension agent in MLE
22
SWOT analysis
Farmer Interest Groups
Improving communication
skills
Establishing linkages for
marketing and processing
Consultation on product
planning

23. • Farmers has to participate in problem identifying
process to get appropriate technology.
• Extension agents also updated in new innovations
and information.
• Researches has to create innovations based on
farmer needs.
• Good R-E-F linkage creates market profitability.
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Conclusion

24. Reference
• Kaur, M and Kaur, R. (2013). Linkage mechanism of R-E-F with market in
Punjab. Indian Res. J. Ext.Edu. 13(3): 19-24.
• Krishna, D.K., Kumbhare, N.V., Prabhakar, I., Swetha, B.S and Ashoka, N.
(2019). Innovations in Market-Led Extension. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci.
8(2):3256-3263.
• Market–Led Extension (2008). Post Graduate Diploma in Agricultural
Extension Management (PGDAEM) published by National Institute of
Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad – 500 030, Andhra Pradesh, India.
• Nafees,A and Slathia, P.S. (2011). Market Led Extension for Promoting
Rural Entrepreneurship in India. Journal of Global Communication. 4(2):
143-147.
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