1. Multiculturalism and
Pluriculturalism in Italy
“We turn in and We look for the stranger“
William Shakespeare
The enrichment of our cultures is based on a set of fundamental freedoms and
fundamental values and at its heart is that
concept of non-discrimination
2. The Constitution of Italy
The Constitution of Italy
(Italian: Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana)
is the Supreme Law of Italy.
3. The Text
The Italian Constitution came into force on 1st January 1948, one century
after the come into force of Statuto Albertino, the past Italian constitution.
.
It is divided into three main parts:
Fundamental Principles
•Part I: Rights and Duties of Citizens
•Part II: Organization of the Republic
•The last part is called Transitory and Final Provisions
4. Art. 3
All citizens have equal social dignity and are equal before the law,
without distinction of sex, race, language, religion, political opinion,
personal and social conditions.
It is the duty of the Republic to remove those obstacles of an economic or
social nature which constrain the freedom and equality of citizens […..]
5. Art. 6
The Republic safeguards linguistic minorities
by means of appropriate measures.
6. Art. 7
The State and the Catholic Church are independent and
sovereign, each within its own sphere. Their relations are
regulated by the Lateran pacts […….]
Art. 8
• All religious denominations are equally free before the law.
Denominations other than Catholicism have the right to self-
organisation according to their own statutes, provided these do
not conflict with Italian law.
7. Art. 10
[......]
A foreigner who, in his home country, is denied the actual exercise
of the democratic freedoms guaranteed by the Italian constitution
shall be entitled to the right of asylum under the conditions
established by law.
A foreigner may not be extradited for a political offence
8. Art. 11
Italy rejects war as an instrument of aggression against the
freedom of other peoples and as a means for the settlement of
international disputes.[....]
9. Ethnic Groups
Italy has been the home of various peoples: Lombards
and Goths in the north;
Greeks, Saracens, and Spaniards in Sicily and the
south;
Latins in and around Rome;
Etruscans and others in central Italy.
For centuries, however, Italy has enjoyed a high degree
of ethnic homogeneity. The chief minority groups are
the German-speaking people in the South Tyrol
region and the Slavs of the Trieste area.
10. FROM A SOURCE TO A DESTINATION
COUNTRY OF MIGRATION
As it’s well known, Italy
has a long tradition of
out-migration and it has
begun receiving sizeable
inflows of migrants only
in the last decades: it’s in
1974 that the number of
immigrants coming from
abroad exceeded, for the
first time, the amount of
Italian migrants’
expatriations.
11. Modern Migrations
Between 1876 and
1942 nearly 19
millions of Italians
went abroad, almost
half of them crossed
the Ocean.
From 1918 and 1930
and a new decrease
due to the fascist
anti-emigration policy,
the post-war period
records a growing
number of
expatriations until the
beginning of the
Seventies, mainly
directed to Germany,
Belgium, France,
Switzerland.
12. Incoming Migration
It’s since the late 1980’s
that numerous migrants
from Third World
countries and Eastern
Europe have been
entering Italy.
During the late 1980s, the
inflow from non-EU
countries was estimated
at more than 100,000
people per year
by 1999 migrants living in
Italy were estimated at a
number between
1,300,000 and 1,500,000
people, or about 2.3% of
the domestic population.
At the start of 2011 there
were 4,570,317 foreign
nationals resident in Italy,
the 7.5% of the country’s
population
13. Statistics and.......
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1,549,373 1,990,159 2,402,157 2,670,514 2,938,922 3,432,651 3,891,295 4,235,059 4,570,317
Total legal immigrant population, as of 1 January. Source: demo.istat.it.
These figures include more than half a million children born in
Italy to foreign nationals—second generation immigrants are
becoming an important element in the demographic picture—
but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired
Italian nationality; this applied to 65,938 people in 2010.
They also exclude illegal immigrants, the so-called
clandestini, whose numbers are difficult to determine. In
May 2008, the Boston Globe quoted an estimate of
670,000 for this group.
