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1. Achaemenion (हख़ामनी) Invasions
of India (580–327 BCE)
(Cyrus, Darius I & Xeraxes)
Sachin Kr. Tiwary

3. Europe
Saudi
Arabia
Africa
Cyprus
Macedonia
Greece
Turkey
Russia
Iraq Iran
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Arabian Sea

4. Sources
Invasion…Why ?
Indian After
Achaemenion
Attack
Achaemenid
Rulers
Contemporary
Indian Rulers
Decline
Nomenclature
Issues to be
discussed…

5. Nomenclature
Akhaimenēs, name
of the founder
Achaemenid
Persian
Empire
हख़ामनी
Achaemenid
Empire
Persian
Empire
Iraninan
Empire

6. The way of their
Entrance….
Makaran

7. The way of their
Entrance….

8. The way of their
Entrance….

9. The way of their
Entrance….

10. Sources
Litrature-
Herodotus (c. 484-425 BCE)
Xenophon of Athens (c.430-354 BCE)
Ctesias (court physician of Persia) 5th Cen. BCE
Nearchus (c. 326–324 BCE)
Megasthenes (c. 350 -290 BCE)
Strabo (c.63 BCE-24 CE)
Arrian of Nicomedia (c.89 -160 CE)
Pliny/Gaius Plinius Secundus (24-79 CE)
Inscription-
Naqsh-e Rostam (515 BCE)
Persepolis inscription of Darius (518-515 BCE)
Behistun Inscription (522–486 BCE)

11. Naqsh-e Rostam (515 BCE)

12. Persepolis inscription
of Darius
(518-515 BCE)
Behistun Inscription
(522–486 BCE)

13. Behistun Inscription (522–486 BCE) of Darius I

14. Week Rulers
Fighting to each
others
Expansion of an
empire up to Indus
Indian Warriors
Indian Weapons
Geographical
Knowledge
Trade Control
Taxation
Soldier & Gold
Invasion…
Why ?

15. Reason for
victory
Knowledge
of
Geography
Utilization
of Indian
Warriors
Political
Instability
New
Method of
War
Military
discipline

16. Indian After
Achaemenion
Attack
Adminis
tration
Changes
Centrali
zed
System
Script-
Aramaic
,
Kharosh
thi
Art,
Pillar,
Palace
Science
Role of
Scylax
Better
War
Coins
Langua
ge and
Script
Hair
Deigns
Contact
with
Wester
n world
Use of
Fire
alter

17. Rulers and their achievements
Xeraxes
(486-465 BCE)

18. Achaemenid and Indian Rulers
1. Cyrus II, the Great, son
of Cambyses I, ruled
from c.550-530 BCE
2. Cambyses II, son of
Cyrus the Great, ruled
529-522 BCE
3. Darius I, the Great,
brother-in-law of
Smerdis and grandson of
Arsames, ruled 521-486
BCE (Open the route for
Greeks and Romans)
4. Xerxes I, son of Darius I,
ruled 485-465 BCE
(Greek Invasions
started)
1. Bimbisaar of Magadh
and Prasenjeet of Kosala
2. -Do-
3. -Do-
4. Ajatshatru

19. Cyrus • He was the founder of
the Achaemenid Empire, the
first Persian Empire.
• Cyrus was the first king who put an
end to slavery in all his territory.
• He allowed his people to continue
worshipping their own gods.
• Empire extended from Eastern
Europe proper in the west, to
the Indus Valley in the east.
• He conquest the Lydian Empire
(Ancient Turkey ), Babylonian
Empire (Iraq & Syria), Median
Empire (Ancient Iran)
• He was succeeded by his
son, Cambyses II, who managed to
conquer Egypt, Nubia,
and Cyrenaica during his short rule.

20. Tomb of Cyrus,
Pasargadae,
Iran
"I am Cyrus the king, an Achaemenid."
in Old Persian, Elamite and Akkadian languages.

22. Darius I
• वह जो अच्छाई कायम रखता है.
• He was the third Persian King of
Kings of the Achaemenid Empire,
• He divided the Persian Empire into
twenty provinces, and appointed a
governor for each province,
• He organized Achaemenid coinage as
a new uniform monetary system,
• He made Aramaic the official
language of the empire.
• He also put the empire in better
standing by building roads and
introducing standard weights and
measures.

23. Behistun Inscription (522–486 BCE) of Darius I

24. Inscription on the Gold,
Cyllindrical seal and an Image of
Darius I

25. Xerxes I • xšaya, meaning "ruling",
and the second ṛšā,
meaning "hero, man"
• He was the son and
successor of Darius the
Great (r. 522 – 486 BC)
and his mother
was Atossa, a daughter
of Cyrus the
Great (r. 550 – 530 BC),
the first Achaemenid
king.
• Xerxes also oversaw the
completion of various
construction projects
at Susa and Persepolis.

26. Persepolis, Iran

27. Susa, Iran

28. Decline
• The Achaemenids were overthrown by the conquest of Alexander in 330 BCE.
• It was happened in the Battle of Gaugamela (also called "Battle of Arbela") near the river
Bumodus.
• It was close to the modern city of Dohuk in Iraqi Kurdistan (North Iraq).
Indian Subcontinent

29. Location of Arbela in the map

30. Thank you
Any Question ?