This research proposal aims to identify the speaking strategies used by students in the English language programme (PUI) at the University of Quintana Roo. The study seeks to answer several research questions about the strategies' frequency of use, benefits, differences across levels/majors/gender, and role of teachers in providing strategies. Data will be collected through questionnaires, focus groups, and class observations, then analyzed using statistical software. The results hope to provide guidance on strategies to help students develop their English speaking skills for professional purposes.
The aim of this research study is to analyze the appropriateness of the English syllabus according to the true language needs, which is being offered to the students of International Relations Department of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. To carry out this research study, students of IR department (Part 1 and 2) have been taken as a sample population to collect required data. To check the appropriateness of the offered English syllabus and existing level of English language competence according to the studentsā needs; two research tools have been taken as: test and interview. In order to get the actual feedback from the students, a test consisted of four basic skills of English (listening, speaking, reading and writing) was conducted to 50 students of IR department. Interview was conducted to the teachers of IR department in order to get the actual information about the appropriateness of the English syllabus and the competency level of the students. Collected data through both the sources were analyzed qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The findings from these sources provided the results which were expected before the accomplishment of this research work. The findings of this research advocated that the EAP should be adopted to make the existing syllabus appropriate and need based in order to refine the basic English language skills of the students. This recommended course is very productive for social sciences disciplines of the BZU.
Language Needs Analysis for English Curriculum Validationinventionjournals
Ā
This study aims to identify the language needs analysis for English curriculum validation in the tertiary level. The descriptive method is utilized in the study and employed purposive sampling. This is also called judgmental sampling. A deliberate selection of individuals made by the researcher based on the predefined criteria. Three hundred forty nine (349) students were utilized as respondents to test their listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary, identifying errors and correct usage. Result showed that identifying errors skills, writing skills, correct usage, reading skills and listening skills were significantly affected by the respondents profile since the computed P-value is greater than the significance level of 0.05. However, speaking skills and vocabulary skills show that they are not significant to the profile of the respondents.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS ABILITY IN ANALYZING SENTENCES USING SEMANTIC ROLE
(ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING LAMBUNG MANGKURAT UNIVERSITY BANJARMASIN)
Effects of explicit instruction on efl learners' pragmatic competence develop...frequent
Ā
Effects of explicit instruction on efl learners' pragmatic competence development
by Yurong Zhao, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, China.
The aim of this research study is to analyze the appropriateness of the English syllabus according to the true language needs, which is being offered to the students of International Relations Department of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. To carry out this research study, students of IR department (Part 1 and 2) have been taken as a sample population to collect required data. To check the appropriateness of the offered English syllabus and existing level of English language competence according to the studentsā needs; two research tools have been taken as: test and interview. In order to get the actual feedback from the students, a test consisted of four basic skills of English (listening, speaking, reading and writing) was conducted to 50 students of IR department. Interview was conducted to the teachers of IR department in order to get the actual information about the appropriateness of the English syllabus and the competency level of the students. Collected data through both the sources were analyzed qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The findings from these sources provided the results which were expected before the accomplishment of this research work. The findings of this research advocated that the EAP should be adopted to make the existing syllabus appropriate and need based in order to refine the basic English language skills of the students. This recommended course is very productive for social sciences disciplines of the BZU.
Language Needs Analysis for English Curriculum Validationinventionjournals
Ā
This study aims to identify the language needs analysis for English curriculum validation in the tertiary level. The descriptive method is utilized in the study and employed purposive sampling. This is also called judgmental sampling. A deliberate selection of individuals made by the researcher based on the predefined criteria. Three hundred forty nine (349) students were utilized as respondents to test their listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary, identifying errors and correct usage. Result showed that identifying errors skills, writing skills, correct usage, reading skills and listening skills were significantly affected by the respondents profile since the computed P-value is greater than the significance level of 0.05. However, speaking skills and vocabulary skills show that they are not significant to the profile of the respondents.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS ABILITY IN ANALYZING SENTENCES USING SEMANTIC ROLE
(ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING LAMBUNG MANGKURAT UNIVERSITY BANJARMASIN)
Effects of explicit instruction on efl learners' pragmatic competence develop...frequent
Ā
Effects of explicit instruction on efl learners' pragmatic competence development
by Yurong Zhao, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, China.
Task-Based Language Teaching, an analytic approach focusing on form, with a task-based syllabus starting with output and putting emphasis on learning outcomes, may have a positive impact on the development of learnersā language proficiency and thinking skills in L2 classrooms. By implementing a TBLT approach which is free from the limitation of synthetic approach focusing on forms and analytic approach focusing on meaning, L2 learners can benefit from its efficiency promoting both in communication competence and linguistic awareness. In addition to the advantage of TBLT approaches, a task-based syllabus, as one of the typical backward design, focusing on output or learning outcomes, are more effective in enhancing learnersā language proficiency than that in other syllabuses focusing on input or process. Moreover, learnersā thinking skills can be achieved in a task-based syllabus integrating language proficiency with thinking skill tasks.
R221 Okada, Y., Sawaumi, T., & Ito, T. (2018). How do speech model proficienc...Takehiko Ito
Ā
Learners in foreign language classrooms can benefit from viewing model videos featuring other non-native speakers, which helps to develop their public speaking performance. The present study attempts to replicate Okada, Sawaumi, and Ito (2017), who demonstrated how the viewing order of different model speakers affected learnersā public speaking performance. The participants were Japanese freshmen (N = 24) enrolled English communication courses. In the classroom-oriented study, one group was shown more- and less-proficient speaker models prior to delivering the second and third presentations, respectively; the other group was shown the same models in the opposite order. To determine whether the models impacted learners in any meaningful way, self- and peer evaluations were obtained from participants following each speaking performance and analyzed in conjunction with responses to reflection papers. Results from two-way ANOVAs indicated that video-based observational learning in the viewing order of less-proficient speakers first and more-proficient ones next resulted in improved peer evaluation in subsequent performances, which was consistent with the findings of Okada et al. (2017). Responses to reflection papers revealed that either more-proficient or less-proficient speaker models helped enhance learnersā awareness of self/others and improve their own public speaking skills in the EFL classroom.
Keywords: model video, viewing order, public speaking, replication, observational
This is the Basic Education Curriculum developed by the Education Department as a guide for teachers handling the subject English. Included are the COMPETENCIES that the learners must acquire in the course of the session
R232 Okada, Y., Sawaumi, T., & Ito, T. (2019). Setting Achievable Goals to M...Takehiko Ito
Ā
Setting achievable goals for students is an important part of teaching as it makes learning more effective. Our study aimed to examine how language learners are kept motivated by showing them improvements made by other nonnative speakers. We used two types of motivational tools to achieve this: video clips of the performance of former students and a visual demonstration of the changes in the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) scores of nonnative speakers. Study participants were 56 Japanese college students enrolled in either TOEIC preparation courses or speaking courses. Before and after demonstrating the improvements of other learners, students answered written questions regarding their language learning experiences, their beliefs about language learning, and what they learned from observing other studentsā improvements. The results indicated that the motivational tools were useful in building positive attitudes toward language learning. These findings also suggested that both tools were beneficial for students in either the TOEIC preparation or speaking courses. Based on these quantitative results, we propose that it is essential to set achievable goals to keep learners motivated for task performance.
Keywords: motivation, goal setting, Japanese EFL learners, video demonstrations, Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC)
Learner ownership in student presentation success (revised)Lee Arnold
Ā
Much of the research literature on student oral presentation assessment focuses on performance. Yet the intentions by teachers to create evaluative rubrics that could yield a blend of quantitative and qualitative findings may have the effect of demotivating novice presenters. My presentation focuses on such novices and my classroom experience with setting aside performance rubrics in favor of allowing learners to explore and prepare their poster and Power Point creations in their own terms, imparting a sense of task ownership to learners new to oral presentations as a result. It is my stance that emphasizing such learner autonomy and creativity within the preparation process may yield latent novice learner ability and success.
Life as a PhD student: identity, tools, hurdles, and supervisionsInge de Waard
Ā
This presentation gives a brief overview of what can make your PhD student life easier. It focuses on steps within the PhD journey, possible hurdles, provides links to some useful tools, and it zooms in on the human factor (peers, supervisors).
Task-Based Language Teaching, an analytic approach focusing on form, with a task-based syllabus starting with output and putting emphasis on learning outcomes, may have a positive impact on the development of learnersā language proficiency and thinking skills in L2 classrooms. By implementing a TBLT approach which is free from the limitation of synthetic approach focusing on forms and analytic approach focusing on meaning, L2 learners can benefit from its efficiency promoting both in communication competence and linguistic awareness. In addition to the advantage of TBLT approaches, a task-based syllabus, as one of the typical backward design, focusing on output or learning outcomes, are more effective in enhancing learnersā language proficiency than that in other syllabuses focusing on input or process. Moreover, learnersā thinking skills can be achieved in a task-based syllabus integrating language proficiency with thinking skill tasks.
R221 Okada, Y., Sawaumi, T., & Ito, T. (2018). How do speech model proficienc...Takehiko Ito
Ā
Learners in foreign language classrooms can benefit from viewing model videos featuring other non-native speakers, which helps to develop their public speaking performance. The present study attempts to replicate Okada, Sawaumi, and Ito (2017), who demonstrated how the viewing order of different model speakers affected learnersā public speaking performance. The participants were Japanese freshmen (N = 24) enrolled English communication courses. In the classroom-oriented study, one group was shown more- and less-proficient speaker models prior to delivering the second and third presentations, respectively; the other group was shown the same models in the opposite order. To determine whether the models impacted learners in any meaningful way, self- and peer evaluations were obtained from participants following each speaking performance and analyzed in conjunction with responses to reflection papers. Results from two-way ANOVAs indicated that video-based observational learning in the viewing order of less-proficient speakers first and more-proficient ones next resulted in improved peer evaluation in subsequent performances, which was consistent with the findings of Okada et al. (2017). Responses to reflection papers revealed that either more-proficient or less-proficient speaker models helped enhance learnersā awareness of self/others and improve their own public speaking skills in the EFL classroom.
Keywords: model video, viewing order, public speaking, replication, observational
This is the Basic Education Curriculum developed by the Education Department as a guide for teachers handling the subject English. Included are the COMPETENCIES that the learners must acquire in the course of the session
R232 Okada, Y., Sawaumi, T., & Ito, T. (2019). Setting Achievable Goals to M...Takehiko Ito
Ā
Setting achievable goals for students is an important part of teaching as it makes learning more effective. Our study aimed to examine how language learners are kept motivated by showing them improvements made by other nonnative speakers. We used two types of motivational tools to achieve this: video clips of the performance of former students and a visual demonstration of the changes in the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) scores of nonnative speakers. Study participants were 56 Japanese college students enrolled in either TOEIC preparation courses or speaking courses. Before and after demonstrating the improvements of other learners, students answered written questions regarding their language learning experiences, their beliefs about language learning, and what they learned from observing other studentsā improvements. The results indicated that the motivational tools were useful in building positive attitudes toward language learning. These findings also suggested that both tools were beneficial for students in either the TOEIC preparation or speaking courses. Based on these quantitative results, we propose that it is essential to set achievable goals to keep learners motivated for task performance.
Keywords: motivation, goal setting, Japanese EFL learners, video demonstrations, Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC)
Learner ownership in student presentation success (revised)Lee Arnold
Ā
Much of the research literature on student oral presentation assessment focuses on performance. Yet the intentions by teachers to create evaluative rubrics that could yield a blend of quantitative and qualitative findings may have the effect of demotivating novice presenters. My presentation focuses on such novices and my classroom experience with setting aside performance rubrics in favor of allowing learners to explore and prepare their poster and Power Point creations in their own terms, imparting a sense of task ownership to learners new to oral presentations as a result. It is my stance that emphasizing such learner autonomy and creativity within the preparation process may yield latent novice learner ability and success.
Life as a PhD student: identity, tools, hurdles, and supervisionsInge de Waard
Ā
This presentation gives a brief overview of what can make your PhD student life easier. It focuses on steps within the PhD journey, possible hurdles, provides links to some useful tools, and it zooms in on the human factor (peers, supervisors).
Writing a research proposal is quite challenging especially for those undertaking English Language Education. This article attempts to provide insight concerning proposal writing.
This presentation defines the term speaking and speaking skills. Also it contains some description of key speaking skills which every speaker should have.
These slides deals with Linguistic and one of four primary skills used to teach students.Speech is one of primary skills. Modern educationists are of the view that because of speaking skills we can learn reading and writing skills easily.
The present study was an effort to investigate strategies mostly used in learning speaking, which covered direct strategies and indirect strategies. To this end, 60 students from two different high schools in a city in Indonesia, in which 30 students for each school participated this study. In collecting the data, this study used close-ended questionnaires with Strategy Inventory Language Learner (SILL) consisting of 39 items, which were analyzed by using a scoring system. The results of the study showed that students of both schools generally used the same and different learning strategies. The same learning strategies used by the students of both schools were organizing and evaluating learning, referring to metacognitive or indirect strategies. Meanwhile, the different learning strategies used by the students of both schools occurred on five strategies at a medium level. From the six types of learning strategies, as indicated in this study, the most popular learning strategies which were used by students of both schools were organizing and evaluating learning.
In recent years, research on learning strategies has become the new domain in the area of the second language acquisition (SAL). In view of the above, the study based upon the definition and classification of OāMalley & Chamot and Oxford, discusses the condition of junior studentsā listening strategies use and the impact on listening understanding. Through this research, we can see that the students with better listening score are better at self-supervising, training and listening techniques. I suggest that teachers should encourage and train the students to use the listening strategies to improve their ability. The final goal is encouraging students to self-evaluate and self-direct, and lay the foundation of life-long learning.
Hi There, please kindly use my PPT for powering your learning, please let me know if you want to discuss more. Email : silviananda.putrierito@gmail.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
Ā
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarās dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireās birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireās society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation āBlue Starā is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
Ā
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Hanās Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insiderās LMA Course, this piece examines the courseās effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
Ā
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
1. UNIVERSITY OF QUINTANA ROO
DIVISION OF POLITICAL SCIENCIES AND HUMANITIES
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Thesis
ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROGRAMME
Luis Octavio Dominguez Rendon
Yasser Alberto Varela Novelo
FREQUENCY AND USE OF SPEAKING STRATEGIES FOR
DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL LEARNING IN STUDENTS FROM THE
PUI AT THE UNIVERSITY OF QUINTANA ROO
DECEMBER 11TH 2012
2.
3. Rationale
Some students of UQRoo, basically the ones who are studying English at the
Programa Universitario de Idiomas (PUI) seem that they are not developing the
speaking skill the way they need for their professional development. One of the
assumptions is that they have not given by the speaking strategies needed for
their improvement. It is common that some students are attending to English
classes just because their major curriculum asks as a subject and not because
they want to, and so, the result is the same lacking of development in oral
production.
4. OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to identify which speaking strategies
are being used by the students of our University. It is known that the
use of speaking strategies help students to become more successful
in their efforts to learn and communicate in a foreign language. Our
principal motivation is to provide students strategies that would
help them to develop their own learning process and how this can
be embraced by teachers in order to help their students.
5. RESEARCH QUESTIONSRQ1
RQ1. What the most frequently reported speaking strategies by the students of the PUI?
With this question we want to figure out which are the speaking strategies that are most
frequently reported by the students of the PUI; of course this means students of English from
all majors.
RQ2 Which benefits the students may get by the use of speaking strategies?
This question aims to find the advantages that students who are using speaking strategies are
achieving in their professional development.
RQ3 To what extent the teachers are providing useful strategies for developing
communicative skills for their students?
The reason why we decided to ask this question was because we think that the role of the
teacher as a guide and supplier of the correct strategies is very important for the studentĀ“s
professional development in classrooms.
6. RQ4 Is there a difference in the use of Speaking Strategies across the levels of English at the
PUI?
The difference that might varies come across the studentĀ“s level of English at the PUI. The
Program offers since introductory level to advance.
RQ5 Are there gender differences in the use of speaking strategies?
Some studies argue that women tend to use more speaking strategies than men whenever they
are in a language course; and so, the results are better in them. The development is considerably
in female compared with the male students.
RQ6 Is there a difference in the use of speaking strategies across the major?
The PUI allows students from all major to study a foreign language. With this research question
we want to find out if there is any difference considering the different major that students are
developing.
RQ7 Is there a relationship between studentĀ“s age and their use of Speaking Strategies?
We want to notice if the age plays as a factor in the use of speaking strategies between students.
Probably, grown students would tend to use the more the speaking strategies; or the opposite.
The population of the UQROO has no age limit.
7. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Our literature review was divided in the following way.
1. Learning strategies. 2. Communicative strategies 3. Speaking strategies
Second language (L2)
Foreign language learners may learners must
). OāMalley and Chamot encounter various communication communicate through a
(1990) viewed learning problems when their language that is not their
strategies as āāthe special interlanguage (IL) is limited. In own. It is inevitable, then,
thoughts or behaviors order to convey their messages that when they use the L2
that individuals use to and remain in a conversation until they will sometimes not
help them comprehend, their communication goal is have the language they
learn, or retain new reached, EFL (English as a Foreign need to express
informationāā Holec Language) learners need to themselves. In such
(1981) argued that employ communication strategies situations, learners use a
learning strategies can (CSs), which have been defined range of speaking
foster learnersā generally as devices employed by strategies to help them
autonomy in language L2 learners to overcome perceived get their message across.
learning. barriers to achieving specific Such strategies have been
communication goals (FƦrch & the focus of much
Kasper, 1983). research (e.g. Cohen
1990; Rubin & Thompson
1994)
8.
9. PARTICIPANTS
The students that will be considered in this study have different ages. In addition there is no
restriction about gender in this study, so the participants might be both female and male. The
PUI offers certain levels which are: Introductory, Basic, Pre-intermediate, Intermediate, Post-
intermediate, Advanced 1 and Advanced 2. However, this research will work a specific division
of those levels.
Level 1 introductory and basic level
Level 2 pre- intermediate and intermediate level.
Level 3 post-intermediate, and advanced levels.
10. METHOD
Questionnaire
Focus group interviews
Class observation.
The main objective of the Secondly, Focus Group
The last instrument in used
use questionnaires as the work in a way the
for the investigation will be
first instrument is to elicit participants can share
the class observation which
the most suitable their own opinions with
will allow us to mix our
participants of the next themselves on order to
project and change the
step of the investigation be supported by others.
approach, making this into
descriptive-qualitative
perspective
11. Data Analysis
In order to identify the frequency and use of speaking strategies by students of PUI data will be
analyzed in following way. First, the data obtained with the questioner will be entered and
process using the software Statistic Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 10.0.
Next, the focus group interviews produce large amounts of data. The best thing we can do is
first; group the answers from all interviews to each question. In order to do so, we will work
with programs of descriptive statistics. Then, what does each group of answers describe?
Organize and classify answers into categories, percent, medium and mode for example in order
to quantify frequencies. And finally, to analyze the findings and determine how they answer to
our research objectives. This will be a very analytic procedure
In order to compare the variables of level of course and major we will use on-way ANOVA. For
the age and use there is a statistic called Pearson r correlation that we will take into.
The results of the class observation will be achieved with the use of a checklist. The checklist wil
have specific points for the students to cover. Their performance and results will be embodied in
the checklist.
12. REFERENCES
Dornyei, Z. (1995). On the teachability of communication strategies. TESOL. Quarterly,
29, 55-85.
Nani I. Tiono&Agatha Sylvia. (2004). The Types of Communication Strategies Used by
Speaking Class Students with Different Communication Apprehension Levels in English
Department of Petra Christian University, Surabaya. k@ta volume 6. Number 1. (30-46).
Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language Learning Strategies. What Every Teacher should know?
Boston: Heinleand Heinle.
Osanai, D. (2000). Differences in language learning between male and female, and also
between Asian and Latino ESL students. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of
Tennessee.
Oxford, R. (1996). Language learning strategies around the world: cross-cultural
perspectives. Retrived from http://books.google.com.mx/books?hl=en&lr=&id=-
5K9auTZyOYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=rebecca+oxford+speaking+strategies&ots=ra1wYucE
Rc&sig=HHVK1gM0QdRk5pB_tp6j9I9O8M8#v=onepage&q=rebecca%20oxford%20speak
ing%20strategies&f=false
Chamot, A.U., & Kupper. L. (1989). Learning strategies in foreign language instruction.
Foreign Language Annals, 22, 13-24.
13. Shumin K. (1997). Factors to consider: Developing adult EFL studentsā speaking abilities. English
Teaching Forum 25(3). Retrieved November, 3, 2012, from
http://exchanges.state.gov/forum/vols/vol35/no3/p8.htm
Tarone, E. (1980). Communication strategies, foreigner talks, and repair in interlanguage.
Language Learning, 30, 417-431.
Rubin, J. (1975). What the "good language learner" can teach us. TESOL Quarterly, 9, 41-51.
Khameis M.(2006) using creative strategies to promote studentsā speaking skills. P 109 ā 118
retrieved from http://marifa.hct.ac.ae/files/2011/07/Using-Creative-Strategies-to-Promote-
Students-Speaking-Skills.pdf.
OāMalley, J. M and Chamot, A.U. (1990) Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Suleiman M. (2004).English Language Learnersā Use of Speaking Strategies, 18, 1-7. Retrieved
from http://www.moe.gov.om/Portal/sitebuilder/sites/EPS/English/MOE/baproject/Ch18.pdf
O'Malley, J.M., & Chamot, A.U. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14. Albie F. (2012), European Global Oral Health Indicators Development Project. Retrieved
December 10, 2012 from
http://www.egohid.eu/Documents/Methods%20of%20collecting%20data,%20interviews%20and
%20questionnaires%20in%20practice%20(Dr%20Alby).pdf
Mendez M.&Alfredo M.(2007). Actividades relacionadas con la comunicacion oral
[questionnaire]. In EDICIONES POMARES, Effects on Strategy Training on the Development of
Language Skills. Barcelona. EDICIONES POMARES.