The document discusses the differences between written and spoken communication in academic contexts. It covers various writing projects like theses, dissertations, journal articles and grant proposals as well as speaking projects like conference presentations, interviews, and testimony. It analyzes key differences between writing and speaking such as the use of space and time, visual/audible cues, feedback, permanence, language formality, and constraints. The document suggests that effective communicators understand their purpose and audience to employ persuasive techniques of ethos, logos, and pathos through well-planned arrangement and style and strong delivery with visual support.