This document summarizes a study that analyzed the language needs of 349 tertiary students in Oman to validate the English curriculum. The study found that most respondents were under 19 years old and female. It also found that identifying errors skills, writing skills, correct usage, reading skills and listening skills were significantly affected by the respondents' profiles, but speaking skills and vocabulary skills were not. The document discusses the methodology used, which was a descriptive method employing purposive sampling and questionnaires. It also provides tables analyzing the respondents' profiles and language performance in areas like listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary and grammar. The study aims to help curriculum designers develop an English learning process based on students' needs.
This paper attempts to assess the speech ability of the grade 10 students in Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School in Cagwait, Surigao del Sur. It uses random sampling which identifies 70 respondents. This study used descriptive - correlational method in order to determine the level of speech ability of Grade 10 students. The study dealt with the following objectives to determine the profile of the respondents in terms of gender, language facility, parent's educational attainment, media preference, communication practice, use of English and media preference to identify the level of oral language proficiency as to grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and fluency and to assess the significant relationship between the profile of the participants and the level of speech ability. Marissa Regalado-Villamon "Speech Ability of Grade 10 Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18973.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/education/18973/speech-ability-of-grade-10-students/marissa-regalado-villamon
The aim of this research study is to analyze the appropriateness of the English syllabus according to the true language needs, which is being offered to the students of International Relations Department of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. To carry out this research study, students of IR department (Part 1 and 2) have been taken as a sample population to collect required data. To check the appropriateness of the offered English syllabus and existing level of English language competence according to the students’ needs; two research tools have been taken as: test and interview. In order to get the actual feedback from the students, a test consisted of four basic skills of English (listening, speaking, reading and writing) was conducted to 50 students of IR department. Interview was conducted to the teachers of IR department in order to get the actual information about the appropriateness of the English syllabus and the competency level of the students. Collected data through both the sources were analyzed qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The findings from these sources provided the results which were expected before the accomplishment of this research work. The findings of this research advocated that the EAP should be adopted to make the existing syllabus appropriate and need based in order to refine the basic English language skills of the students. This recommended course is very productive for social sciences disciplines of the BZU.
Reporting As a Strategy in Facilitating the Communicative Competence of Engli...inventionjournals
This study aimed at determining the procedures followed in reporting strategy; how reporting strategy helped students enhance their communicative competence; and suggestions on how to improve the reporting as strategy in enhancing students’ communicative abilities. Five Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) were considered composed of tertiary English major students. Results showed that class reporting was usually done through voluntary basis and groupings. Also, class reporting was found to be beneficial because it enhanced not only the students’ language competence, self-confidence and soft skills but also developed their hidden talents. Moreover, it enabled students to discover their language strengths and weaknesses. It was implicated that orientation may be done before a strategy can be used; levelling of students’ may be done; group members may be given specific task; and rubrics may be explained before the strategy may be applied
This paper attempts to assess the speech ability of the grade 10 students in Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School in Cagwait, Surigao del Sur. It uses random sampling which identifies 70 respondents. This study used descriptive - correlational method in order to determine the level of speech ability of Grade 10 students. The study dealt with the following objectives to determine the profile of the respondents in terms of gender, language facility, parent's educational attainment, media preference, communication practice, use of English and media preference to identify the level of oral language proficiency as to grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and fluency and to assess the significant relationship between the profile of the participants and the level of speech ability. Marissa Regalado-Villamon "Speech Ability of Grade 10 Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18973.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/education/18973/speech-ability-of-grade-10-students/marissa-regalado-villamon
The aim of this research study is to analyze the appropriateness of the English syllabus according to the true language needs, which is being offered to the students of International Relations Department of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. To carry out this research study, students of IR department (Part 1 and 2) have been taken as a sample population to collect required data. To check the appropriateness of the offered English syllabus and existing level of English language competence according to the students’ needs; two research tools have been taken as: test and interview. In order to get the actual feedback from the students, a test consisted of four basic skills of English (listening, speaking, reading and writing) was conducted to 50 students of IR department. Interview was conducted to the teachers of IR department in order to get the actual information about the appropriateness of the English syllabus and the competency level of the students. Collected data through both the sources were analyzed qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The findings from these sources provided the results which were expected before the accomplishment of this research work. The findings of this research advocated that the EAP should be adopted to make the existing syllabus appropriate and need based in order to refine the basic English language skills of the students. This recommended course is very productive for social sciences disciplines of the BZU.
Reporting As a Strategy in Facilitating the Communicative Competence of Engli...inventionjournals
This study aimed at determining the procedures followed in reporting strategy; how reporting strategy helped students enhance their communicative competence; and suggestions on how to improve the reporting as strategy in enhancing students’ communicative abilities. Five Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) were considered composed of tertiary English major students. Results showed that class reporting was usually done through voluntary basis and groupings. Also, class reporting was found to be beneficial because it enhanced not only the students’ language competence, self-confidence and soft skills but also developed their hidden talents. Moreover, it enabled students to discover their language strengths and weaknesses. It was implicated that orientation may be done before a strategy can be used; levelling of students’ may be done; group members may be given specific task; and rubrics may be explained before the strategy may be applied
Factors Affecting Language Learning StrategiesRiduan Huda
There are a host of factors which appear to influence the use of language learning strategies by language learners. These factors may be sociocultural, situational or related to the personality of the language learner. Some factors are said to affect the type of learning strategy used by the language learner, whilst other factors are said to affect frequency of use of particular learning strategies. In this presentation. I will describe only five factors affecting language learning strategies.
This study focused on fostering learning experiences and improving students’ oral communicative potential by lowering their anxiety through technology. The participants were EFL students at the Zand Higher Education Institute in Shiraz, Iran. Their responses to the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (Horwitz et al., 1986) proved that they were suffering from some emotional factors; particularly anxiety interfering with their second language acquisition process. Voice Thread, an on-line program was introduced to them as a tool to achieve the above-mentioned goals. An oral survey based on items used by Von Worde (2003) showed this group of EFL language learners’ anxiety was alleviated by using the proposed tool. As speaking is one of the main productive skills in second language learning, the pedagogical implications of the study can be beneficial to both teachers and learners. The results can help teachers match instruction to learners’ needs.
This study focuses on the listening anxiety experienced by teacher candidates (TCs) in Iran and Turkey. Using different data collection methods, including two questionnaires, listening test, and semi-structured interviews, this study tried to investigate the factors behind Foreign Language Listening Anxiety (FLLA) among Iranian teacher candidates (TCs). The participants of the study in Iran context were 29 teacher candidates studying at BA level in English Language Teaching. All of the participants were asked to complete these two questionnaires with the background information regarding their age, gender, years of language study. The participants’ answers to FLLAS and FLCAS were analyzed with spss to obtain frequencies and percentages. The results were compared to the same study by Bekleyen. The findings revealed that Iranian TCs experienced a high level of FLLA compared to Turkish TCs and showed a significant positive correlation between FLLA and FLCA, which means that teacher candidates with higher levels of language anxiety tended to have higher levels of listening anxiety. In addition, interview data suggested that Iranian and Turkish participants’ FLLA mostly originated from the same source: inadequacy of past education in listening skill. Furthermore, practice was the most frequent strategy used by participants in these two countries to overcome this kind of anxiety.
LANGUAGE LEARNING NEEDS OF FILIPINO-CHINESE LEARNERS AS INPUTS FOR THE PROP...CarloMedoranda
This descriptive research aimed to identify the objective and subjective learning needs of grades 4 – 6 elementary school learners of Bayanihan Institute. It also looked into the most and least important needs of the learners, proposed intervention program to enhance English instruction in the school, and determined the implications of the research findings to the teaching of English as a second language to the young Filipino-Chinese learners.
The Effects of Communicative Language Teaching approach (CLT) on Grammar Teac...AJSERJournal
Grammar Translation Method or GTM, which greatly supports students for grammar-based written tests,
is the priority way of grammar teaching in Vietnam. That’s why many students are gradually lacking communication
abilities. In the light of Communicative Language Teaching approach or CLT, grammar is now taught in more
interesting ways. Lately, many studies have found that teaching and learning grammar in communicative contexts
helps students gain better level of language proficiency especially more fluent and accurate speaking skill. Therefore,
this paper aims to evaluate the impact of CLT in grammar instruction for first year English majored students at Dong
Nai Technology University. In addition, how students respond to the lessons instructed by CLT method is also fully
described in the paper. The results show that CLT approach brings many benefits for EFL students. Moreover, students
gain strong motivation and positive attitude through the lessons with CLT
This study aims to understand how anxiety as a variable contributes to affect the ability in comprehending English texts evaluated on students’ performance on various test types, namely 1) multiple-choice tests (MC), 2) fill-in-the-blank tests (FTB), and 3) true/false tests (TF). This research used ex post facto method, with responses collected from eleventh grade high school students in Jakarta. Respondents worked on tests with similar material, although at different times. Students’ anxiety was measured based on behavioral and cognitive characteristics listed on the questionnaire given to respondents along with the English test. The results pointed out that there was indeed a difference of students’ anxiety levels in working on the various English text comprehension tests given. The results of the English text comprehension tests were generally influenced by the anxiety variable, although the effect was found to be small. Teachers are recommended to apply multiple variations of ability evaluation in measuring the students’ English text comprehension by using multiple test modes.
Temperament and Character of Schizophrenics: A Study on Indian Populationinventionjournals
This study was attempted to explore the temperament and character of schizophrenic patients and compared with normal controls. Total 102 schizophrenic patients and 50 normal controls were included in this study. The mean age of Schizophrenic patients was 32.073( SD + 10.205) and normal controls mean age was 30.14 (SD +12.048). Temperament and Character Inventory was used to assessed personality of the Schizophrenic patients. Findings revealed that out of four temperament novelty seeking and persistence were significantly differed from normal controls. Both were found low in Patients than normals. All three Character domains were found significantly difference in comparison of both group. Self directedness and cooperativeness were found low in schizophrenia than normals. Self transcendence was found high in patients group than Controls. Findings of this study can help to understand the personality of Schizophrenic patients.
A Course-Based Qualitative Inquiry into the Potential Impact of the Bachelor ...inventionjournals
This course-based qualitative study aims to explore what 4th-year Child and Youth Care students and recent graduates of the Bachelor of Child and Youth Care program at MacEwan University think about their likely parenting styles as a direct result of their Child and Youth Care educational experience. A thematic analysis of the data revealed four major themes: (1) the desire to be an authoritative parent, (2) courses, (3) themes and concepts that were meaningful, and (4) a better understanding of theories relevant to parenting and the need for self-reflection
We report a case of a 7-yeas old boy with Cornea plana who presented with heavy amblyiopia due to high refractive error. Cornea plana is a genetically determined condition that can be accompanied by a range of complications and have virtually no possible treatment. The child underwent a treatment for the amblyopia with very good results, but still presents a challenge in terms of early detection of possible glaucoma.
Legal Arrangements Regarding the Adoption of Children in Indonesiainventionjournals
The adoption of a child to be one way to get custody of the child. Indonesian law gives freedom to every citizen of both Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals to adopt a child to meet all the applicable procedures in order to ensure the survival of children and prevent children from the loss of the future.
Factors Affecting Language Learning StrategiesRiduan Huda
There are a host of factors which appear to influence the use of language learning strategies by language learners. These factors may be sociocultural, situational or related to the personality of the language learner. Some factors are said to affect the type of learning strategy used by the language learner, whilst other factors are said to affect frequency of use of particular learning strategies. In this presentation. I will describe only five factors affecting language learning strategies.
This study focused on fostering learning experiences and improving students’ oral communicative potential by lowering their anxiety through technology. The participants were EFL students at the Zand Higher Education Institute in Shiraz, Iran. Their responses to the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (Horwitz et al., 1986) proved that they were suffering from some emotional factors; particularly anxiety interfering with their second language acquisition process. Voice Thread, an on-line program was introduced to them as a tool to achieve the above-mentioned goals. An oral survey based on items used by Von Worde (2003) showed this group of EFL language learners’ anxiety was alleviated by using the proposed tool. As speaking is one of the main productive skills in second language learning, the pedagogical implications of the study can be beneficial to both teachers and learners. The results can help teachers match instruction to learners’ needs.
This study focuses on the listening anxiety experienced by teacher candidates (TCs) in Iran and Turkey. Using different data collection methods, including two questionnaires, listening test, and semi-structured interviews, this study tried to investigate the factors behind Foreign Language Listening Anxiety (FLLA) among Iranian teacher candidates (TCs). The participants of the study in Iran context were 29 teacher candidates studying at BA level in English Language Teaching. All of the participants were asked to complete these two questionnaires with the background information regarding their age, gender, years of language study. The participants’ answers to FLLAS and FLCAS were analyzed with spss to obtain frequencies and percentages. The results were compared to the same study by Bekleyen. The findings revealed that Iranian TCs experienced a high level of FLLA compared to Turkish TCs and showed a significant positive correlation between FLLA and FLCA, which means that teacher candidates with higher levels of language anxiety tended to have higher levels of listening anxiety. In addition, interview data suggested that Iranian and Turkish participants’ FLLA mostly originated from the same source: inadequacy of past education in listening skill. Furthermore, practice was the most frequent strategy used by participants in these two countries to overcome this kind of anxiety.
LANGUAGE LEARNING NEEDS OF FILIPINO-CHINESE LEARNERS AS INPUTS FOR THE PROP...CarloMedoranda
This descriptive research aimed to identify the objective and subjective learning needs of grades 4 – 6 elementary school learners of Bayanihan Institute. It also looked into the most and least important needs of the learners, proposed intervention program to enhance English instruction in the school, and determined the implications of the research findings to the teaching of English as a second language to the young Filipino-Chinese learners.
The Effects of Communicative Language Teaching approach (CLT) on Grammar Teac...AJSERJournal
Grammar Translation Method or GTM, which greatly supports students for grammar-based written tests,
is the priority way of grammar teaching in Vietnam. That’s why many students are gradually lacking communication
abilities. In the light of Communicative Language Teaching approach or CLT, grammar is now taught in more
interesting ways. Lately, many studies have found that teaching and learning grammar in communicative contexts
helps students gain better level of language proficiency especially more fluent and accurate speaking skill. Therefore,
this paper aims to evaluate the impact of CLT in grammar instruction for first year English majored students at Dong
Nai Technology University. In addition, how students respond to the lessons instructed by CLT method is also fully
described in the paper. The results show that CLT approach brings many benefits for EFL students. Moreover, students
gain strong motivation and positive attitude through the lessons with CLT
This study aims to understand how anxiety as a variable contributes to affect the ability in comprehending English texts evaluated on students’ performance on various test types, namely 1) multiple-choice tests (MC), 2) fill-in-the-blank tests (FTB), and 3) true/false tests (TF). This research used ex post facto method, with responses collected from eleventh grade high school students in Jakarta. Respondents worked on tests with similar material, although at different times. Students’ anxiety was measured based on behavioral and cognitive characteristics listed on the questionnaire given to respondents along with the English test. The results pointed out that there was indeed a difference of students’ anxiety levels in working on the various English text comprehension tests given. The results of the English text comprehension tests were generally influenced by the anxiety variable, although the effect was found to be small. Teachers are recommended to apply multiple variations of ability evaluation in measuring the students’ English text comprehension by using multiple test modes.
Temperament and Character of Schizophrenics: A Study on Indian Populationinventionjournals
This study was attempted to explore the temperament and character of schizophrenic patients and compared with normal controls. Total 102 schizophrenic patients and 50 normal controls were included in this study. The mean age of Schizophrenic patients was 32.073( SD + 10.205) and normal controls mean age was 30.14 (SD +12.048). Temperament and Character Inventory was used to assessed personality of the Schizophrenic patients. Findings revealed that out of four temperament novelty seeking and persistence were significantly differed from normal controls. Both were found low in Patients than normals. All three Character domains were found significantly difference in comparison of both group. Self directedness and cooperativeness were found low in schizophrenia than normals. Self transcendence was found high in patients group than Controls. Findings of this study can help to understand the personality of Schizophrenic patients.
A Course-Based Qualitative Inquiry into the Potential Impact of the Bachelor ...inventionjournals
This course-based qualitative study aims to explore what 4th-year Child and Youth Care students and recent graduates of the Bachelor of Child and Youth Care program at MacEwan University think about their likely parenting styles as a direct result of their Child and Youth Care educational experience. A thematic analysis of the data revealed four major themes: (1) the desire to be an authoritative parent, (2) courses, (3) themes and concepts that were meaningful, and (4) a better understanding of theories relevant to parenting and the need for self-reflection
We report a case of a 7-yeas old boy with Cornea plana who presented with heavy amblyiopia due to high refractive error. Cornea plana is a genetically determined condition that can be accompanied by a range of complications and have virtually no possible treatment. The child underwent a treatment for the amblyopia with very good results, but still presents a challenge in terms of early detection of possible glaucoma.
Legal Arrangements Regarding the Adoption of Children in Indonesiainventionjournals
The adoption of a child to be one way to get custody of the child. Indonesian law gives freedom to every citizen of both Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals to adopt a child to meet all the applicable procedures in order to ensure the survival of children and prevent children from the loss of the future.
Role of Law in Dealing with the Cyber Crime and Social Changeinventionjournals
The objective of this research is to get a deep explanation between the role of law in the face of social change and the relation of cybercrime in the society. It’s included in Act Number 11 of 2008 regarding The Electronic Transaction and information. This research use literary research with normative and judicial approach and the primary law material which is included the secondary data. The analysis technique of this data is using the combination of deductive and inductive. The result of this research show the existence of close relationship between law and social change associated with cyber crime. The Act Number 11 of 2008 regarding The Electronic Transaction and Information is the instrument of social control and social engineering in the society.
Controversies and Navigation of Inclusive Education in the Context of Bangladeshinventionjournals
Inclusive education is one of the most important steps to promote integration of special learners in our society, yet it is not much familiar or established everywhere. Collaboration with mainstream students is a big platform to make them efficient citizen. It ensures their holistic development and flourishes their individual identity. All the children have equal right to participate and get opportunities of education together; especially these segregated groups need to be surrounded by people who will lift them higher. But practically the way is full of difficulties. Differences persist in policymaking, curriculum, classroom arrangements, teaching-learning system, evaluation, materials, teacher training and so forth. This paper tries to identify and reduce the gap between the practices of these two educational sectors. In this respect, mainstream educators and practitioners have been interviewed to know their interest, expectations and doubts about this assimilation. Besides, some successful cases have been observed closely with a purpose of bringing it in practice from the conceptual stage.
MeĢrutiyet Devrimi Sürecinde Ġran’da Ulemânın Rolü ve Etkisi (1906-1911)inventionjournals
Ġran'da ülke içindeki toplumsal, siyasi ve ekonomik duruma bağlı olarak güç yapısında bazı değiĢimler meydana gelmektedir. Bu değiĢimler Ġran’daki mevcut sosyal gruplar arasındaki güç dengelerini değiĢtirmektedir. MonarĢiler döneminde, siyasi bir figür olarak ġah Ġran’daki güç üzerinde tekelci bir konuma sahip olamamıĢtır, ancak yabancı hükümetlerin desteği ve iç muhalif dengelerin de yardımıyla otoritesini kurabilmiĢtir. Bu makalede Ġran’da MeĢrutiyet Devrimi (1906-1911) döneminde yaĢanan siyasi ve toplumsal değiĢimler ve din adamlarının (ulemâ sınıfı) bu değiĢimler karĢısındaki tavrı tarihi ve kültürel süreç içerisinde ulemânın sahip olduğu konumla birlikte ele alınmıĢtır. “Ġran’da MeĢrutiyet Devriminin OluĢumu” ve “MeĢrutiyet Döneminde Ġran’da Etkin Ulemâ” baĢlıkları ulemânın gücü ve toplum üzerindeki etkisi dikkate alınarak incelenmiĢtir. Bu baĢlıkların yanı sıra Ġran MeĢrutiyet Devriminin, Osmanlı Ġmparatorluğu’nun son döneminde yaĢadığı II. MeĢrutiyet Devrimiyle(1908-1913) karĢılaĢtırıldığı bir baĢlık konulmuĢ ve böylece Ġran’ın geçirdiği meĢrutiyet sürecinin daha iyi anlaĢılması sağlanmıĢtır. Yöntem olarak nitel araĢtırma tekniklerinden olan kaynak incelemesi (Türkçe ve Ġngilizce Tezler, bilimsel raporlar, akademik makaleler, kitaplar) tercih edilmiĢtir. Ġran’da yabancı güçlerin ülkeye nüfuzunu engellemek üzere ulemânın da yardımıyla 1891’de gerçekleĢen Tütün Protestosu, otoriter Kaçar ġahlarına karĢı toplumsal bir baĢarıdır. Bu baĢarı MeĢrutiyet Devrimi gibi daha radikal, politik ve kapsamlı bir hareketin oluĢmasına zemin hazırlamıĢtır. 1905 yılında baĢkentte halk ayaklanmasıyla baĢlayan bu devrim, 1908 yılından sonra ayaklanmaların, Ģiddet olaylarının artmasıyla daha çok ses getiren, baĢkent Tahran’dan diğer Ģehirlere de yayılan bir hareket niteliği kazanmıĢtır ve 1911 yılında son bulmuĢtur. Radikal Ulemâ, esnaf ve Batı tarzı modernleĢmeyi savunan seküler entelektüellerin ittifakıyla Ģekillenen MeĢrutiyet Devrimi’nde en etkin rolü üstlenmiĢ olan ulemânın kendi içinde yaĢadığı fikir ayrılıkları MeĢrutiyet sürecinin baĢarıya ulaĢmasını engelleyen unsurlardan biri olmuĢtur. Nihayetinde, Kaçar Hanedanlığının son yirmi yılındaki katı uygulamalar, BirleĢik Krallık’ın ve Rusya Ġmparatorluğu’nun Ġran’da artan nüfuzu ve ulemânın fikir ayrılıkları sebebiyle; bu devrim ve kazanımları baĢarısızlıkla sonuçlanmıĢtır.
A Review on the Challenges of Teaching Physical Educationinventionjournals
It is very common that teachers’ degrees are questioned about the fundamental knowledge and methods one has to hold in order to teach. This kind of reflection concerning teachers’ education requires constant research and education update so that the teachers’ social meaning can be defined. Knowing something does not mean only being informed about some field, it is necessary that they are able to utilize these pieces of information to build knowledge. Therefore, teachers and professors are mediators between the social application of information and their pupils. Some other problematic factors are added to Physical Education teaching processes, in which teaching and learning active methodologies, as well as reflexive interventions about teaching practices, are not perceived. On the other hand, it is common that health majors in general also lack a capable and well educated student body who can build their own knowledge; involvement in real transforming actions (presenting different personal point of views); multidisciplinary relations (on the contrary, it can be easily noticed a certain detachment from other knowledge areas); monitoring criteria and evaluation of the teaching and learning processes.
Terminalia Chebula A Traditional Herbal Drug – A Short Reviewinventionjournals
The usage of medicinal plants used from ancient times to treat various diseases due to its potential medicinal applications. Terminalia chebula is one of the common herbal drugs used in traditional systems in worldwide. The review tries to focus the traditional use of Terminalia chebula as herbal drug and the importance and its impact in the medicinal applications.
The Factors Affecting the Development of Entrepreneurship School in Education...inventionjournals
This study aimed to identify factors involved in developing Entrepreneur school and understanding the Executive requirements of these schools in Educational system of Iran (Case Study of MAZANDARAN province). Relying on the theory of organizational entrepreneurship and data based theory (Grounded Theory) the factors effective in creating a school for entrepreneurs were identified. The population of the study in Interview section was 20 experts in the Field of educational sciences from the University of Educators, entrepreneurship teachers and school administrators and for qualitative validation were 20 faculty members of University of Educators and school administrators. The research tools were open interview and content analysis techniques .The research findings indicate that the two groups factors of inside and outside organization and 3 dimensions of personal, organizational and environmental abilities and 16 components of Features (psychological , attitude, motivational), management style, organizational ,Mental and interpersonal skills, new methods of reward, management support, Delegate, deadline, curricula system , strategic orientation, entrepreneurial culture, entrepreneurship education, space and equipments, government policies, socio-economic and cultural conditions, financial and non-financial support are effective in building this kind of entrepreneur school. Also the results of qualitative validation or questionnaire distribution in the first step have resulted to the Removal of the concepts of parental education; parental social status and evaluation system due to an average of less than 4.In the implementation of the second round questionnaire, Kendal correlation coefficient was calculated and Kendall's w = 0.705 was obtained, suggesting a strong consensus among panel members in the research.
The Debilitating Effect of Conflict on the Female Gender: The Syrian Conflict...inventionjournals
In times of war, members of the same society face very different challenges. The impact of war on someone will vary according to factors such as age, social class, and gender. What appears to have taken centre stage in the discussion of the Syrian conflict is the impact of the conflict on children and the dangers threatening their everyday lives. Children however are not the only vulnerable members of society at war. Syrian women also face extremely adverse conditions. This paper sets out to analytically x-ray the plight of women in conflict situations with particular reference to the Syrian crisis. It finds amongst other things that women are indeed the most vulnerable in war times and it recommends amongst other things that strive for the protection of the vulnerable in war times and conflict prone zones is a quest that must be sought.
Human Papillomavirus Immunization completion rates increased by the use of th...inventionjournals
Human Papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and world wide. Vaccination is a critical public health measure for lowering the risk of cervical genital and anal cancers. Overall vaccination rates in the United States are low. This study highlights the need to change practices in primary care clinics to increase Human Papillomavirus vaccination rates. The study compares vaccination rates before and after the introduction of the American Academy of Pediatrics Tool Kit and a staff training session.
Synthetic Utility of Aza Heterocyclics: A Short Reviewinventionjournals
Azaheterocyclic compounds contain nitrogen atom in the ring. They are of vital importance in the race to improve our understanding of basic chemistry which underlies nearly all of the important life-processes and a large proportion of transformations leading to and creating the increasingly sophisticated products, which enhance our society today. A large numbers of azaheterocyclic compounds are well known and this number is increasing rapidly because they hold a special place among pharmaceutically significant natural products and synthetic compounds. The chemistry of azaheterocyclic compounds is as logical as that of aliphatic or aromatic in character, depending on their electronic constitution. Their study is of great interest both from the theoretical as well as practical standpoint. Azaheterocyclic compounds are very widely distributed in nature and are essential to life in various ways. Compounds such as alkaloids, antibiotics, essential amino acids, vitamins, haemoglobin, hormones and a large number of synthetic drugs and dyes contain azaheterocyclic ring systems. Knowledge of azaheterocyclic chemistry is useful in biosynthesis as well as in drug metabolism. There are also a large number of azaheterocyclic compounds with other important practical applications as antioxidants, vulcanization accelerators, copolymers, solvents photographic sensitizer and developers, dyestuffs and many are valuable intermediates in synthesis. Azaheterocycles are omnipresent extremely in all branches of chemistry and biochemistry as well as in our lives. Another important property of azaheterocyclic compounds is their extraordinarily participation in a wide range of reactions. Depending upon pH of the medium, they may behave as acids or bases, forming anions or cations. Some interact readily with electrophilic reagents, other with nucleophiles, yet others with both. Some are readily oxidized, but resist reduction, while others can be readily hydrogenated but are stable towards the action of oxidizing agents. The ability of many azaheterocyclic compounds to produce stable complexes with metal ions has great biochemical significance. All these results prove that azaheterocyclic compounds are excellent scaffolds for obtaining a wide variety of compounds and speeding up research activity.
The Geopolitics South American in Badia Malagrida Carlosinventionjournals
The South American geopolitics presents a framework of clear disputes between Brazil and Argentina for hegemony on the continent this framework established in the 1930s, however, was already in place in the 1920s, opening on the work of Carlos Badia Malagrida that besides put Argentina as core country before a regionalization process aims to increase the presence of Spain in the subcontinent. Our interpretation will give up on this assumption with the primary point of this geopolitical ideas followed by the demonstration and in particulares its proposal for regionalization
An Phyto - Chemical Analysis of Seedless Amalaki Fruit (Emblica Officinalis) ...inventionjournals
Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. As Amalaki being an important medicinal herb in Ayurveda. Botanical name of Amalaki is Emblica officinalis belong to Euphorbiaceae family shows antifungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammation, anti cholesterolaemic, anti carcinogenic, anti oxidant & anti Ulcerogenic activities. The present study involve phytochemical analysis on the pulp of Emblica officinalis purchased from Gadagil vanoushada sangraha, Belgaum, Karnataka. Emblica officinalis fruits are selected and seeds are removed. Collected pulp is made to dried under shadow and powdered. The Aqueous extract, alchoholic extract of Amalaki samples were used for the phytochemical analysis to find out the phytochemical constituents . The main objective of the research work was to check the presence or absence of the phytochemical constituents in Amalaki churna. The results of the phytochemical analysis of Amalaki churna showed that the carbohydrates/glycoside, phenol, carboxylic acid, tannin, flavonoids were found to be present. The phytochemical analysis of the Amalaki is very important commercially and has great interest in pharmaceutical companies for the production of the new drugs to cure various diseases.
“Comparative Evaluation between Physics Forceps and Conventional Extraction F...inventionjournals
:Tooth extraction procedure, although known as a minimal traumatic procedure, some sort of trauma is subjected to underlying soft and hard tissues, resulting in immediate destruction and loss of alveolar bone. Conventional extraction forceps are designed on the principle of simple machine incorporating two first-class levers, connected with a hinge. The physics forceps are the newly invented forceps. The design of physics forceps which implements a first class lever, creep, and type of force that provides a mechanical advantage, which makes it more efficient. AIM: The aim of the present study to evaluate the efficacy between the conventional extraction forceps and physics forceps in orthodontic extraction of maxillary premolars. Patients & Methods:A total of 50 healthy patients with indicated for extraction of bilateral maxillary premolar for orthodontic reasons; split mouth design (control side, test side) in a randomized manner; were included in the present study. Results:Ease of technique, buccal cortical plate fracture, fracture of tooth or root, gingival laceration, soft tissue healing was not significant. The extraction time and bleeding associated with extraction socket were significant. Post operative days 1-4 are not significant and on day 5-7 the pain on VAS score is 0. Conclusion:The results of present study suggest that, extraction using any forceps can produce predictable results and it totally depends on surgeon’s expertise in a particular technique.
Qualitative & Quantitative Phytochemical analysis on the Leaves &fruits of Pa...inventionjournals
The Phytochemical analysis provides preliminary insight into the major phytoconstituents in the plant species. The earlier study characterized the macroscopic and microscopic characteristic of the plant followed by this present study which revealed presence of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Saponins, Tannins, Flavanoids. The quantification of Alkaloid, Phenolic, Glycosides and Saponin content helped were performed which would also help in the screening of the plant drug for various pharmacological activities.
Extraction of Secondary Metabolites from Roots of Acanthus Ilicifolius L and ...inventionjournals
The root extracts of Acanthus ilicifolius L finds a prominent place in folk medicine. In this study, we
extracted alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and total phenols in benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and
ethanol, their antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The antioxidant activity is executed
by FRAP assay and agar well diffusion method is done to study the antibacterial activity against Enterobacter
aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus
pyogenes. The antibacterial activity of all the extracts was compared with standard antibiotic gentamicin.
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] was determined by serial dilution method. Alkaloids are rich in
acetone and Flavonoids are high in methanol extracts. The acetone extract showed higher antioxidant activity,
while benzene extract was identified to contain lower antioxidant activity. The extent of inhibition by the root
extracts diverge between the solvents used, among them ethanol extracts exhibited higher level of inhibition
against the gram positive test cultures compared to gram negative test cultures employed. Whereas, the acetone
extracts efficacy is more on gram negative test cultures than the gram positive cultures. The MIC was found to
be between 1mg/100µl to 5mg/100µl. This study gives the source for purification and characterization of
bioactive principles that possess antioxidant and antibacterial action from the root of Acanthus ilicifolius.
D-Penicillamine Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Neonates by Its Influence on C...inventionjournals
Objective – the aim of this article was to demonstrate the protection of biomembranes against lipid peroxidation, and highlight the role of D-Penicillamine (D-PA). Study Design – The authors conducted a review searching the relevant literature of bilirubin and copper metabolisms, and of antioxidant effects of D-PA in the neonatal period. Results – Unconjugated bilirubin has a special affinity for the globus pallidus, the hippocampus, and the subthalamic nucleus (basal ganglia). Furthermore, immaturity of the blood-brain barrier also contributes to the development of kernicterus. Homeostasis of metal ions usually involves a huge set of proteins which regulate the proper metal biology. Metal ions, especially copper and iron play very important roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND), having impact on both protein structure (misfolding) and oxidative stress. D-PA by its ability to modulate both oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) pathway may have significant neuroprotective effects in cases jeopardized by BIND or retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Interpretation – The authors conclude that treatment with D-PA might result in a wide range of health benefits, improved quality of life and reduced healthcare costs and may help reduce complications in the neonatal period. Keywords: Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction; Reactive oxygen species; Copper dyshomeostasis;; Neurodegeneration; D-Penicillamine in the neonatal period Key points: ► D-PA was first recognized as a potential benefit for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. During this time there was a remarkably low incidence ROP in the infants treated with this drug. Later, our studies were replicated in other institutes in Hungary, Poland, the USA, India and Mexico. ►It is important to note that there was no intolerance or short- or long-term toxicity of the medication, in spite of the fact that in the newborn period D-PA was used 10-20 times higher doses than those in adult. ► Metal ions, especially copper and iron play very important roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including BIND and ROP, having impact on both protein structure (misfolding) and oxidative stress. ► D-PA by its ability to modulate both oxidative stress and nitric oxide pathway may have significant neuroprotective effects in cases jeopardized by bilirubin encephalopathy or ROP
Needs Analysis of an English for Academic Purpose (Eap) Programme: English La...iosrjce
There is need to ensure the production of competent primary English teaching specialists. All
colleges of education in the country are running their programme for this purpose. But the minimum standard
seems lacking in essential ingredients that would guarantee the training of effective primary English teachers. It
is equally realised that effective teaching and learning of this nature constitute functions of a combination of
factors among which are the teacher, the material, learner and the learning situation. This paper focuses on
need analysis as a process and product orientation towards the production of competent primary English
teaching specialists.
The problems of Fluency in Spoken English among EFL Learners in Saudi Univers...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study aims to investigate the problems and challenges which is usually experienced by
English learner's students in the Saudi universities when trying to speak English. It also checks at the problems
that students face when learning English language in Saudi universities and try to find remedies to this problem.
The research uses a questionnaire, interviews, and descriptive methods in the collection of data about fluency in
English language in universities in KSU as an example. The data was then statistically analyzed using the SPSS
program. The results showed that there are various problems which hinder fluency of English learning in the
universities and among them include: under-qualified teachers, unsuitable teaching materials and the methods
used in teaching are also poor. The other problem is the psychological factor which makes student lack
motivation while learning English. The study also contains ways in which these problems can be handled to
bring efficiency in learning and teaching English in Saudi universities.
KEYWORDS: The challenges of fluency in spoken English among the EFL students.
This article aims at exposing a design of project based content language integrated learning (CLIL) at a higher education insitution in Indonesia. Th design is proposed based on a mixture of the principle of language integrated learning (CLIL) and the principle of project based learning. The design was implemented for the teaching of English as a compulsory subject at three departments of the university of Lampung. Quantitative data was obtained from the value of students’ English proficiency before and after CLIL model application. While the qualitative data was obtained from the output of language produced by students during the learning process took place. The results showed that project based CLIL English language course at the faculty of teaching and education, the University of Lampung could work effectively. This is evident from the implementation of the whole program activities, from the implementation of the formation of groups, students work in groups to finish the project, group presentation activities, personal presentations and students’ responses to all activities.
Cross-linguistic Influence on Second Language Use of College StudentsAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The study determined the cross-linguistic influence (CLI) on the second language use of college
students for the school year 2022-2023. This study included qualitative descriptive research approaches and
thematic analysis. The purposely chosen participants in this study were the twenty-five sophomore BSED
English students from one higher institution in Sorsogon. The instruments used in this study were researchermade field notes, survey checklist and interview schedule. When replying to the teachers during recitation
English (L2) was used. Most participants used Taglish to interact with teachers, reporting, and in group
activities. The majority of participants used the Bicol dialect when chatting with peers and when ordering in the
cafeteria. The socio-cultural context, learning environment, teaching strategies, prior linguistic knowledge, and
support at home are the elements that influence vocabulary, syntax, and pronunciation in the context of CLI to
the speaking abilities of L2 students. The Filipino (L1) may influence the participants' use of L2 by making
them use their own dialect in the classroom instead of English. This suggests that everyone who speaks does so
with a solid foundation of language knowledge acquired from past exposure to a different language.
Furthermore, multiple consonants and vowels are frequently switched or mixed. The findings showed that CLI
can be linked to home language, location, socioeconomic status, parental education level, and literal or wordfor-word translation from Filipino to English all contributed to these issues. To eradicate cross-linguistic
influence, the researcher suggested the institutional policy known as English Language Only Policy.
KEYWORDS :cross linguistic influence, L1, L2, Sorsogon, Philippines.
Students’ Perceptions of Grammar Teaching and Learning in English Language Cl...iosrjce
The use of grammar teaching in the field of second language acquisition has been extensively
studied, but there is a lacuna in the literature, regarding the students’ perception of its importance. To
investigate this aspect, the study was conducted on a group of 15 students studying in Semester Five, in the
English Language Department of Misurata University, Libya. The students were interviewed in groups of three
with nine specific questions, and the responses were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The findings
revealed that although they all came from the same cultural, linguistic and educational backgrounds, they had
different perceptions regarding the form focused instruction of grammar. The information gathered is of
considerable significance to ESL teachers who intend to meet students’ needs as well as reduce conflicts caused
by different perspectives between teachers and students regarding whether or not grammar teaching should be
encouraged in the classroom.
Language Learning Strategy among Mongolian Studentsijtsrd
In related research, learning approaches and learning strategies have been reported as important variables influencing the quality of student learning. Researcher tried to reveal language learning strategy on Mongolian students prepared for IELTS by using PISA survey. The research was conducted with 120 participations M=41, F=79 by social media. After the reliability of both instruments was computed, descriptive and regression statistics were used to analyze data. The findings showed that students’ learning approaches were associated with their learning strategy use. The results provided further evidence that gender and field of study might have an impact on learning approach adoption and language learning strategy use. Bold Javkhlan "Language Learning Strategy among Mongolian Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38377.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/38377/language-learning-strategy-among-mongolian-students/bold-javkhlan
The Effects of Communicative Language Teaching approach (CLT) on Grammar Teac...AJSERJournal
Grammar Translation Method or GTM, which greatly supports students for grammar-based written tests,
is the priority way of grammar teaching in Vietnam. That’s why many students are gradually lacking communication
abilities. In the light of Communicative Language Teaching approach or CLT, grammar is now taught in more
interesting ways. Lately, many studies have found that teaching and learning grammar in communicative contexts
helps students gain better level of language proficiency especially more fluent and accurate speaking skill. Therefore,
this paper aims to evaluate the impact of CLT in grammar instruction for first year English majored students at Dong
Nai Technology University. In addition, how students respond to the lessons instructed by CLT method is also fully
described in the paper. The results show that CLT approach brings many benefits for EFL students. Moreover, students
gain strong motivation and positive attitude through the lessons with CLT
Problems and Difficulties of Speaking That Encounter English Language Student...inventionjournals
The study aims at exploring thespeaking difficulties encountered by English language students at Al Quds Open University. The study ,more over aims at exploring the causes of such difficulties. The researcher used the experimental method so as to show and measure the speaking difficulties encountered by English language students at Al Quds Open University. The researcher designed an interview to be applied on the sample of the study. Such interview will be applied for each student to investigate speaking difficulties and the causes of such difficulties . The results showed and indicated there some difficulties in the speaking of the students due to some reasons such as fear of mistake , shyness, anxiety and lack of confidence. The researcher adopted some recommendations the most important one is to establish an environment support and encourage the students to speak English frequently, and he suggested carrying out more researches and studies regarding speaking difficulties encountered by English language students.
English - Majored Juniors’ attitudes towards learning the academic writing co...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The study aims to investigate attitudes ofJuniors ofEnglish as a foreign language (EFL)
towards learning the academic writing course at TraVinh University (TVU) and to help these learners recognize
what benefits they have got and difficulties they have encountered during the course. The writer uses a
quantitative approach with aquestionnaire to collect data from80third-year English majors, whotook part in the
academic course at TVU. The findings indicate that all students have positive attitudes about this course and
concede the benefits of the academic writing course. One of the most crucial results from this study's data was
that academic writing skills were needed for students’ graduation thesis. Apart from that, the
studentsencountered challenges throughout the learning process. Particularly, due to the impact of their native
tongue on language learning, grammar is regarded as the most prominent difficulty. The study lastly suggests a
range of implications for students to enhance their academic writing skills.
KEYWORDS: academic writing, attitudes, difficulties, EFL Juniors
1
Annotated Bibliography 2
Tense Errors in English Second Language
Budiharto, R. A. (2019). Native language interference on target language writings of Indonesian EFL students: An exploratory case study. Indonesian EFL Journal, 5(1), 107-116.
Authors argue that the native language influences the proficiency and quality of the students learning English as a second language. Using a mixed-method design, the authors examined 22 English essays written by EFL students of Indonesian origin. The results proved that the Indonesian language influenced the students writing quality, with lexicon-semantics and grammar constituting more significant and more recurrent errors in their writing.
The study used a scientific method to yield generalizable results that prove that the native language influences the English learning experience among immigrants. The study is essential in riveting that EFL students face English language proficiency problems and need assistance with teaching methodology and remedial to improve English language learning success. Compared with other studies, the standard errors of tenses in most immigrants are thus profitable in advising English teachers on the appropriate teaching tools.
Garrido, C. G., & Rosado Romero, C. (2012). Errors in the use of English tenses. Íkala, revista de lenguaje y cultura, 17(3), 285-296.
The authors investigate the tense errors made by first-year Spanish students learning to be EFL teachers at Universidad San Sebastián. The researchers used a hierarchy of complexity and explanation of students’ main errors design. They argue that after one year of formal instruction, English aspects and tense errors were common among the Spanish students learning EFL. The researchers identified the main problem as inaccurate matching of tenses and English aspects to correct contexts. A scientific statement stating strategy is used to convey the findings in this paper. Empirical data is displayed with statistical differences and significance used to illustrate the argument.
The authors reveal a high level of credibility. This is because they used a scientific, statistical data collection and analysis method. The tools used were credible, and the sample size was adequate. The findings are generalizable and present information on the critical issue of matching tenses and English aspects to their context as an area that requires close consideration in training English teachers as a second language. This is important in my study because it shows that learning the second language among immigrants faces context matching and tense use. The information will therefore help design a teaching methodology that will assist Spanish immigrants successively in learning English tenses and related aspects.
Mocciaro, E., & Young-Scholten, M. (2022). Why and How Grammar Matters for Post-puberty Immigrants with Limited Formal Schooling. In English and Students with Limited or Interrupted Formal Education ...
The objectives of this research were to find out: 1) whether or not Think-Pair-Share Technique is effective in improving students’ speaking ability of eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang and 2) whether or not the Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang are interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. This research applied quasi-experimental design. The population of this research was three classes of Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang academic year 2014/2015 with the total population were 69 students. The sample of this research were VIII.1 (23 students) as the experimental group and VIII.3 (23 students) as the control group. This sample was taken by cluster sampling technique. The researcher applied Think-Pair-Share technique in the experimental group and conventional way in control group. This research applied two kinds of instruments were speaking test and questionnaire. Speaking test was used to obtain data of the students’ speaking ability and questionnaire was used to know the students’ interest in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. The researcher found that there was a significant difference between achievement of the students who applied Think-Pair-Share technique and who did not applied Think-Pair-Share technique in speaking. It was proved by t-test of post-test (2.206) was higher than t-table (2.021), for α = 0.05 and df = (44) and by the mean score of post-test in experimental group (68.57) was better than mean score of post-test in control group (56.35). And the researcher also found that the Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang were interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. It was proved by there were 22 students (95.7%) were interested in speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique and the mean score of questionnaire was 83.22 and it included in interested category. Based on the data analysis, the researcher concluded that: 1) Think-Pair-Share Technique is effective in improving students’ speaking ability and 2) Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang are interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Fundamentals of Electric Drives and its applications.pptx
Language Needs Analysis for English Curriculum Validation
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 6 Issue 2||February. 2017 || PP.27-33
www.ijhssi.org 27 | Page
Language Needs Analysis for English Curriculum Validation
Leovigildo Lito D. Mallillin, Ph.D.
Gulf College Faculty of Foundation Studies Sultanate of Oman
ABSTRACT: This study aims to identify the language needs analysis for English curriculum validation in the
tertiary level. The descriptive method is utilized in the study and employed purposive sampling. This is also
called judgmental sampling. A deliberate selection of individuals made by the researcher based on the
predefined criteria. Three hundred forty nine (349) students were utilized as respondents to test their listening,
speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary, identifying errors and correct usage. Result showed that identifying
errors skills, writing skills, correct usage, reading skills and listening skills were significantly affected by the
respondents profile since the computed P-value is greater than the significance level of 0.05. However, speaking
skills and vocabulary skills show that they are not significant to the profile of the respondents.
Keywords: Language need analysis, identifying errors, writing skills, correct usage, reading skills, listening
skills, speaking skills and vocabulary skills
I. INTRODUCTION
English is an international language spoken in many countries both as a native and as a second or
foreign language. There is a need to explore this language especially to those who are non-native speakers.
Schools develop language needs among their students for mastery of the language. You are not in, in the group
if you cannot communicate with other people particularly when you are in group of people that has different
language and only English is an acceptable language to communicate. The rapid increase on the use of English
language of wider communication is observed. It is the language of air-traffic controllers at international airports
all over the world. It is the language used most frequently for international mail and at international conferences.
It is the principle of international commerce and international aid which indicates its importance (Smith, 2015).
Language needs analysis therefore is important to implement so that curriculum designers develop a
learning process of the students based on their needs so that English acquisition could be more meaningful to the
learners. This particularly addresses to those non-native speakers since English for them is a foreign language to
where there is a need for mastery of the said subject. Needs analysis plays a vital role in developing English for
specific purposes curriculum. The three most relevant functions in using English language were giving
information, followed by providing services, and offering help (Prachanant, 2012).
Educational policy makers who acknowledge or legitimize the description of curriculum goals in need-
based terms can implicitly acknowledge minority language speakers’ right to use their mother tongue in certain
situations, while at the same time stimulating them to functionally use the second language in other situations.
As such, a description of language needs for specific societal domains can implicitly or explicitly underscore the
richness of language variation and language diversity in a variety of multilingual spaces. A teacher reflects upon
their teachings and decisions they draw from many sources, competence in the second language and culture,
knowledge of how the curriculum is designed and implemented application of the subject knowledge to actual
teaching, application of research findings to classroom teaching, understanding the power of technology in fully
articulated language program, clinical experience and knowledge of the means by which teaching effectiveness
is examined within the school context (Shrum, & Glisan, 2015).
Curriculum design and development of English language programs help the school in the
implementation of their English subject for the students to learn the language based on their learning needs since
English is their second language. Language awareness is intended to bridge the transition of the students in
education language work, to provide a meeting place and common vocabulary for the different field of English
language, to facilitate discussion of linguistic diversity, to develop listening skills as a prerequisite foreign
language study along with confidence in reading, speaking and in writing (James, Garrett, & Candlin, 2014).
The exploration of learners’ language learning needs is often circumvented. Even it is acknowledged
explicitly that individuals may have proper learning needs in mind, an analysis of what it takes to speak and
understand the target language is what seems to be needed the most. Whether it is notions or functions,
vocabulary or grammar, language learning needs are not conceived of as essentially functional based, but are
primarily seen as linguistic. Tasks a person has to fulfill are first of all seen as referring to the kinds of
classroom activities that will enable the language learner to acquire particular elements of the target language.
Task, however, may also stand for the kinds of activities that learners want to or have to be able to do in society
with the new language they are acquiring. In this interpretation, a language teaching approach like a task based
2. Language Needs Analysis for English Curriculum Validation
www.ijhssi.org 28 | Page
approach attempts to take learners’ language learning as its starting point by interpreting them first and foremost
as an answer to the question why? The answer to this question will, in the first place, yield non-linguistic
answers as a number of needs analyses with regard to the acquisition as a second language.
Language needs analysis has a vital role in the process of designing and carrying out of any language
course, whether it is English for Specific Purposes (ESP) or general English course. The importance of carrying
out a needs analysis for development of language among students is important to validate their learning process.
The term needs analysis generally refers to the activities that are involved in collecting information that will
serve as the basis for developing a curriculum that will meet the needs of a particular group of students. Needs
analysis, carried out to establish the “what” and the “how” of a course, is the first stage in English for specific
purposes (ESP) course development, followed by curriculum design, materials selection, methodology,
assessment, and evaluation. Two key forces are seen as driving future needs analyses and curriculum
development in ESP: technologization and transnationalization aspects of which are interrelated (Flowerdew,
2013).
This is the reason why this study is being conducted to identify the analysis for English curriculum
validation as based on the observation and experiences of the researcher.
Statement of the Problem
1. What is the profile of the respondents be described in terms of
1.1 age,
1.2 gender,
1.3 years of studying English,
1.4 exposure to English reading materials, and
1.5 exposure to English movies or televisions?
2. What is the language performance of the students’ respondents in terms of
2.1 listening,
2.2 speaking,
2.3 reading,
2.4 writing,
2.5 vocabulary,
2.6 identifying errors and
2.7 correct usage?
3. Is there a significant relationship on the language performance of the respondents as associated with their
profile?
Hypothesis
The researcher offered the following hypothesis:
HA: There is a significant relationship on the language performance of the respondents as associated with
their profile.
HO: There is no significant relationship on the language performance of the respondents as associated with
their profile.
II. METHODOLOGY
The Descriptive Methods of Research is being employed in this study because descriptive research is a
multifaceted research approach. It can depict qualitative sources such as the use and analysis of language among
the students’ respondents in their listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary, identifying errors and correct
usage. Descriptive research can be either quantitative or qualitative. It can involve collections of quantitative
information that can be tabulated along a continuum in numerical form, such as scores on a test or the number of
times a person chooses to use a certain feature of a multimedia program, or it can describe categories of
information such as gender or patterns of interaction when using technology in a group situation (descriptive
research, 2016).
The researcher employed purposive sampling. Purposive sampling (also known as judgment, selective
or subjective sampling) is a sampling technique in which researcher relies on his own judgment when choosing
members of population to participate in the study. Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling method and
it occurs when “elements selected for the sample are chosen by the judgment of the researcher. Researchers
often believe that they can obtain a representative sample by using a sound judgment, which will result in saving
time and money” (Purposive-Sampling Methodology, 2016). Three hundred forty nine (349) students were
utilized as respondents as basis for English curriculum validation.
For data gathering purposes, the researcher used a set of questionnaire that elicited the needed data and
information on matters that pertained to the topic under study. This consisted of different parts and each for
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specific purpose. Part 1 collected data and information on the profile of the respondents and Part 11 collected
data and information on listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary, identifying errors and correct usage.
Each examination parts were composed of 1 to 10 items only. The respondents were given enough time to go
over the questionnaire and answered the test based on their analysis, comprehension and understanding. In every
examination part directions were given for the respondents to follow. This was to determine the curriculum
validation of the English proficiency of the students.
III. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1.1 Profile of the Respondents as to Age
Age f % R
19 years and below
20 – 21 years
22 years and above
145
135
69
41.5
38.7
19.8
1
2
3
Total 349 100
Table 1.1 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the profile of the respondents as to Age.
As noted in the table, rank 1 belongs to the age bracket 19 years and below, with a frequency of 145 or 41.5%
among the respondents. This shows that most of the respondents are eager to study English; however, their
English level of learning affects them. Rank 2 belongs to the age bracket 20 – 21 years, with a frequency of 135
or 38.7% among the respondents. It emphasized here that respondents need to study more English particularly
in their listening, speaking, reading and writing to include vocabulary, correct usage and grammatical structure
to enhance their language skills. Rank 3 belongs to the age bracket 22 years and above, with a frequency of 69
or 19.8% among the respondents. These respondents are those irregular and second courser students in which
they need to enhance their English as needed in their future.
Table 1.2 Profile of the Respondents as to Gender
Gender F % R
male
female
156
193
44.7
55.3
2
1
Total 349 100
Table 1.2 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the profile of the respondents as to
Gender. As observed in the table, it shows that the distribution is almost equal; however, female dominates in
number than male. Female got a frequency of 193 or 55.3% among the respondents, while male got a
frequency of 156 or 44.7% among the respondents. This shows that female respondents are eager to enhance
their language level; however, their learning process is not enough for their English capacity. Male respondents
show that their English is not impressive but can express in themselves and they are insistent to learn English for
their enhancement.
Table 1.3 Profile of the Respondents as to Years of Studying English
Years of Studying English F % R
5 years and below
6 – 10 years
11 years and above
30
67
252
8.6
19.2
72.2
3
2
1
Total 349 100
Table 1.3 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the profile of the respondents as to
Years of Studying English. It shows in the table that rank 1 belongs to 11 years and above with a frequency
of 252 or 72.2 % among the respondents. This shows that respondents have been studying and learning English
throughout their lives but still lacking the mastery of the rules in English. Followed by 6 – 10 years of learning
English with a frequency of 67 or 19.2 % among the respondents which means respondents are also eager to
learn English. The least in rank is 5 years and above with a frequency of 30 or 8.6 % among the respondents.
These respondents just learn English because it is a part of their requirements in studying.
Table 1.4 Profile of the Respondents as to Exposure to English Reading Materials
Exposure to English Reading Materials f % R
never at all
once a day
once a week
once month
14
221
99
15
4.0
63.3
28.4
4.3
4
1
2
3
Total 349 100
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Table 1.4 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the profile of the respondents as to
Exposure to English Reading Materials. As observed in the table, rank 1 is Once a Day, with a frequency of
221 or 63.3% among the respondents. This shows that respondents are exposed to English reading materials in
which this could help them to learn in English particularly in reading and in learning vocabulary. Rank 2 is
Once a Week, with a frequency of 99 or 28.4% among the respondents. This shows that respondents are busy
in their studies and therefore their English learning will be affected, however, they are still exposed to English
reading materials for their learning process. The least in rank is Never at All, with a frequency of 14 or 4%
among the respondents. They are not interested to learn English because it is a foreign language to them.
Table 1.5 Profile of the Respondents as to Exposure to English Movies or Televisions
Exposure to English Movies or Televisions f % R
never at all
once a day
once a week
once month
19
224
89
17
5.4
64.2
25.5
4.9
3
1
2
4
Total 349 100
Table 1.5 presents the frequency and percentage distribution among the profile of the respondents as to
their Exposure to English Movies and Televisions. As gleaned in the table, rank 1 is Once a Day, with a
frequency of 224 or 64.2% among the respondents. This shows that though respondents are busy in their
studies, they must see to it that they could watch English movies or television for them to learn more in English.
According to them, watching English movies and television could enhance their English learning process. Rank
2 is Once a Week, with a frequency of 89 or 25.5% among the respondents. This shows that respondents have
still a chance to watch movies and televisions so they could refresh their English learning level among them.
The least in rank is Once a Month, with a frequency of 17 or 4.9% among the respondents. These respondents
are striving to watch English movies and television for them to familiarize their English learning process among
them.
Table 1.6 Language Performance of the Respondents in Terms of Listening Skills
A. In Terms of Listening Skills f % R
Below Average (0 – 3)
Average (4 – 7)
Above Average (8 – 10)
12
186
151
3.45
53.30
43.27
3
1
2
Total 349 100
Table 1.6 presents the frequency and percentage distribution on the language performance of the
respondents in Terms of Listening Skills. As noted in the table, rank 1 belongs to Average, with a frequency of
186 or 56.30% among the respondents. This shows that most of the respondents belong to average in their
language performance to their listening skills due to the reasons that that they are exposed to it. According to
them, most of their time is exposed to listening. Rank 2 is Above Average, with a frequency of 151 or 43.27%
among the respondents. This shows that their English learning are much influenced with their exposure to
listening skills. The last rank is Below Average, with a frequency of 12 or 2.45% among the respondents. This
is probably the reason why respondents fall in this category in which they are not interested to learn English.
Table 1.7 Language Performance of the Respondents in Terms of Speaking Skills
B. In Terms of Speaking Skills f % R
Below Average (0 – 3)
Average (4 – 7)
Above Average (8 – 10)
202
142
5
57.88
40.69
1.43
1
2
3
Total 349 100
Table 1.7 presents the frequency and percentage distribution on the language performance of the
respondents in Terms of Speaking Skills. As observed in the table, rank 1 is Below Average, with a frequency
of 202 or 57.88% among the respondents. This shows that respondents are being affected in their speaking
skills. They are not confident to speak because they are not familiar with the words they are using in speaking.
According to them, they have limited knowledge in their speaking skills. They do not know how to use the
proper words and rules in their speaking capacity. Rank 2 is Average, with a frequency of 142 or 40.69%
among the respondents. This shows that these respondents are confident to speak but not that much fluency.
According to them, they still need to enhance their speaking skills particularly in their grammar and in their
choice of words.
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Table 1.8 Language Performance of the Respondents in Terms of Reading Skills
C. In Terms of Reading Skills f % R
Below Average (0 – 3)
Average (4 – 7)
Above Average (8 – 10)
35
217
97
10.03
62.18
27.79
3
1
2
Total 349 100
Table 1.8 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the language performance of the
respondents in Terms of Reading Skills. As noted in the table, rank 1 falls on Average, with a frequency of
217 or 62.18% among the respondents. This shows that respondents could comprehend what they are reading
and analyses on the manner according to what is implied or stated. This emphasizes that their comprehension
level enhances them in their English learning. Rank 2 falls on Above Average, with a frequency of 97 or
27.79% among the respondents. This shows that most of them have high comprehension level in their reading
skills. However, to others are not, since the last in rank is Below Average, with a frequency of 35 or 10.03%
among the respondents. This shows that respondents’ at this level has a very low comprehension level.
Table 1.9 Language Performance of the Respondents in Terms of Writing Skills
D. In Terms of Writing Skills f % R
Below Average (0 – 3)
Average (4 – 7)
Above Average (8 – 10)
53
218
78
15.19
62.46
22.35
3
1
2
Total 349 100
Table 1.9 presents the frequency and percentage distribution on the language performance of the
respondents in Terms of Writing Skills. As seen in the table, it shows that most of the respondents’ falls on
Average which is rank 1, with a frequency of 218 or 62.46% among the respondents. This shows that
respondents are much particular in their techniques in writing. They are careful with what they are going to
write particularly in their grammars and compositions so with their understanding on what they are writing.
Rank 2 falls on Above Average, with a frequency of 78 or 22.35% among the respondents. This shows that
respondents have the knowledge and capacity on their writing skills level.
Table 1.10 Language Performance of the Respondents in Terms of Vocabulary Skills
E. In Terms of Vocabulary Skills f % R
Below Average (0 – 3)
Average (4 – 7)
Above Average (8 – 10)
195
133
21
55.87
38.11
6.02
1
2
3
Total 349 100
Table 1.10 presents the frequency and percentage distribution on the language performance of the
respondents in Terms of Vocabulary Skills. As observed in the table, most of the respondents are affected,
since the result is Below Average, with a frequency of 195 or 55.87% among the respondents. This shows that
respondents are not familiar with the words they encounter. It might be that the word they encounter is new to
them. They did not encounter the term presented to them that resulted to below average. Rank 2 is Average,
with a frequency of 133 or 38.11% among the respondents. This shows that respondents in this level just guess
their answer because the words also they encounter are unfamiliar with them. The least in rank is Above
Average, with a frequency of 21 or 6.02 % among the respondents but this is not enough for them because the
result is minimal.
Table 1.11 Language Performance of the Respondents in Terms of Identifying Errors Skills
F. In Terms of Identifying Errors Skills f % R
Below Average (0 – 3)
Average (4 – 7)
Above Average (8 – 10)
67
268
14
19.20
76.79
4.01
2
1
3
Total 349 100
Table 1.11 presents the frequency and percentage distribution on the language performance of the
respondents in Terms of Identifying Errors Skills. As noted in the table, most of the respondents belong to
Average which is rank 1, with a frequency of 268 or 76.79% among the respondents. Respondents show that
they have no knowledge on what they are reading and analyzing especially on the correct position of grammar.
They are also familiar with the correct sentence structures as revealed in the result of the table. Rank 2 is Below
Average, with a frequency of 67 or 19.20% among the respondents. This shows that respondents are not
familiar with the proper rules in grammar and structure of the sentences they encounter. The least in rank is
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Above Average, with a frequency of 14 or 4.01% among the respondents in which they have a little
background and knowledge on identifying errors.
Table 1.12 Language Performance of the Respondents in Terms of Correct Usage Skills
G. In Terms of Correct Usage Skills f % R
Below Average (0 – 3)
Average (4 – 7)
Above Average (8 – 10)
67
240
42
19.20
68.77
12.03
2
1
3
Total 349 100
Table 1.12 presents the frequency and percentage distribution on the language performance of the
respondents in Terms of Correct Usage Skills. As revealed in the table, rank 1 falls on Average Skills Level,
with a frequency of 240 or 38.77% among the respondents. This shows that most of the respondents are
familiar with the correct usage of grammar and correct positioning of the structures in the sentences they
encounter, however, this is not enough for them in their English learning process. They are still confused on the
verb agreement as emphasized on the data gathered. Rank 2 falls on Below Average, with a frequency of 67 or
19.20% among the respondents. This shows that respondents are poor in analyzing the correct usage and skills
of grammar particularly on the subject verb agreement and also the correct structure of the sentences they
encounter.
Table 2.0 On the significant relationship on the language performance of the respondents as associated with
their profile.
Dependent Variable Multiple R F-Value Significant Value Interpretation Rank
1. Listening Skills 0.225 3.646 0.003 Significant 5
2. Speaking Skills 0.163 1.881 0.097 Not Significant 6
3. Reading Skills 0.232 3.910 0.002 Significant 4
4. Writing Skills 0.244 4.348 0.001 Significant 2.5
5. Vocabulary Skills 0.140 1.374 0.233 Not Significant 7
6. Identifying Errors Skills 0.318 7.379 0.000 Significant 1
7. Correct Usage Skills 0.244 4.358 0.001 Significant 2.5
Source: Appendix B (Multiple Regression Results)
Level of Significance: 0.05
As observed from the summary table of multiple regression and correlation analysis, it shows that
identifying errors skills, writing skills, correct usage skills, reading skills and listening skills were significantly
affected by the respondents’ profile name: age, gender, number of years studying English, exposure to English
reading materials and exposure to English movies and televisions. This is evidenced by their corresponding P-
Values of 0.000, 0.001, 0.001, 0.002 and 0.003 respectively in which the results are greater than the significance
level of 0.05.
However, speaking skills and vocabulary skills show that they are not significantly related to the
respondents’ profile which resulted to their corresponding P-Value of 0.097 and 0.233. The results are lesser
than the level of significance of 0.05.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
1. Respondents in learning English vary depend on their interest, motive and desire in their learning
process. Their number of years in learning language is not enough since their English is not impressive. The
correct principles, rules and procedures in the proper usage of English are weak though basic English has been
taught among the respondents. However, they are willing to learn because they need English in their future
career especially in hunting for a job. Respondents are exposed to different English materials to exercise their
English, but it is not sufficient to enhance their English learning process. Even to the extent of exposing
themselves in watching English movies and televisions. This could help them in their English. Therefore,
English can be learned through listening, speaking, reading and writing among the respondents.
2. Respondents answer reveal that their English learning show inconsistency depends on their
knowledge of English. Listening skills respondents can comprehend and understand what they hear; however,
they should be exposed more in listening skills for them to comprehend in their English listening skills.
Speaking skills respondents are not confident because of lack of knowledge on the words they used. Their
grammars are incorrect and can affect their speaking ability. In Reading Skills, some of the respondents can read
but cannot comprehend especially those words that are unfamiliar with the respondents. Comprehension in
reading must be given emphasis to improve their reading skills. In Vocabulary Skills, respondents are affected
because the words they encounter are new and they cannot understand. This affects the respondents in their
comprehension level. In Identifying Errors, respondents are not familiar with the proper rules and structure of
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sentences being given to them. Therefore, they cannot analyze such structure. In Correct Usage Skills,
respondents have a little bit background on the usage of grammar but not sufficient for their English skills.
3. As based on the result of the multiple regressions used to test the hypothesis of the study. It is
evident that identifying errors skills, writing skills, correct usage, reading skills and listening skills were
significantly affected by the respondents profile since the computed P-value is greater than the significance level
of 0.05. However, speaking skills and vocabulary skills show that they are not significant to the profile of the
respondents.
V. RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Profile of the respondents is encouraged to study, learn, practice, read, speak, write and listen in English
while still young. This could help them enhance their language learning and useful in their future. They
should also be encouraged to expose themselves in the English reading materials, like magazines, books
and internet to learn more about English. Their exposure is not enough for their English learning process.
This could help them develop their skills in studying English.
2. Language performance of students in terms of listening speaking, reading and writing is not impressive,
therefore school must develop a curriculum particularly in listening, speaking, reading and writing. This
could include students to expose in listening and speaking through acting, role playing and develop
students’ ability in impromptu speaking. This could develop confidence among the respondents.
3. Students are weak in speaking skills and vocabulary usage and their level of confidence is very low and not
significant. Therefore, there must be a curriculum made for speaking skills, like drama, stage play, debate,
oration and impromptu speaking and new vocabulary for their English language. A thorough study must be
given emphasis on speaking skills and vocabulary usage. This could enhance English learning process of
the respondents.
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