Presentation aix workload partitions (wpa rs)

Materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM. 5.3
2011
IBM Power Systems Technical University
October 10-14 | Fontainebleau Miami Beach | Miami, FL
AIX Workload Partitions (WPARs)
Session: VN24
Mehboob Mithaiwala
mehboobm@us.ibm.com
IBM Advanced Technical Skills

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AIX Workload Partitions Specific Sessions
VN23 – LAB: Working with AIX Workload Partitions (WPARs)
Wednesday 2:30 – 3:45 Flicker 2
Thursday 1:00 – 2:15 Flicker 1
VN24 – AIX Workload Partitions (WPARs)
Thursday 10:30 – 11:45 Splash 13
VN25 – IBM PowerVM Workload Partitions Manager for AIX
Thursday 4:15 – 5:30 Glimmer 7
VN26 – Versioned Workload Partitions (WPARs) for AIX 7
Wednesday 1:00 – 2:15 Glimmer 7
Friday 10:30 – 11:45 Glimmer 3

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Agenda
• AIX Workload Partitions (WPARs)
– Overview
– How it all works (in pictures)
– Resource Management & Control
– WPAR Lifecycle Management
• Functional Enhancements for WPARs
• Versioned Workload Partitions for AIX 7
• WPARs v/s LPARs – Comparison
• Software support in WPARs
• Use Case Scenarios

6
IBM Power Systems Virtualization Continuum
AIX Workload Partitions (WPARs) complement Logical Partitions
WPARs integrated with Workload Manager (WLM) classes
Workload Isolation
ResourceFlexibility
Workload
Partitions
AIX 6 on POWER4™
or later
LPAR/
MicroPartitions
AIX V5.3 on POWER5™ or later
AIX Workload
Manager
AIX V4.3.3 on POWER3™
or later
AIX 4.3.3 (1999)
POWER3
AIX 5.3 (2004)
POWER5™
AIX 6.1 (2007)
POWER4™

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PowerVM LPARs and AIX Workload Partitions
PowerVM VirtualizationPowerVM Virtualization
Power Systems HardwarePower Systems Hardware
LPAR
i
SAP
LPAR
AIX 6
WPAR
WPAR
WebSphere
DB2
WPAR
Workload Partitions
•Multiple workloads
inside a single AIX
•AIX 6 or newer
feature
•Simple, efficient,
less work
LPAR
Logical Partitions
•Multiple separate OS
instances in a server
•Power Systems
hardware feature
•More disks, more
RAM, more admin
LPAR
AIX 5
DB2
LPAR
Linux
Apache

8
Consolidation of isolated workloads within a single AIX instance
Pre-requisite: AIX 6 or higher
WPAR Manager Live Application Mobility
– Move WPARs between AIX instances without restarting the applications
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
App
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
App
Workload Partitions (WPARs) Concept
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
App
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
App
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
App
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
App
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
App
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
App
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
App
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
App
AIX
Hardware/LPAR
App
App
App
App
AIX
Hardware/LPAR
App
App
App
App
App = WPAR
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
App

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AIX Workload Partitions – in a Nutshell
• Virtualized OS environments
– within a single AIX image
• Each Workload Partition (WPAR)
– shares single AIX OS kernel
– separate admin and security domain
– can get regulated share of CPU,
memory, and other resources
• Applications and users inside a WPAR
cannot affect resources outside the
WPAR
• Two types of WPARs
– System WPARs have
• separate security
• appear like a completely separate OS
– Application WPARs
• manageability wrapper around a single
application
Workload
Partition
App Srv
Workload
Partition
Web Srv
Workload
Partition
Billing Srv
AIX Image
Workload
Partition
Test Srv DB2
Workload
Partition
single memory space

10
Reasons for Workload Partitions (WPAR)
1) Reduced AIX System
Administration
3) Rapid environment creation
of a new application
5) Live Application Mobility ***
Can be automated, policy-based
2) Application Encapsulation,
monitoring and control
4) Separate Admin / Security
at WPAR level
6) Reduced memory use
Minimum WPAR ~ 64MB
*** Requires WPAR Manager

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AIX Workload Partitions – How can they help?
Go Green & Save
• Consolidate workloads from underutilized servers
• Run multiple instances of the same application
Manage Growth, Complexity, & Risks
• Reduces cost & complexity by
– reducing number of AIX OS instances to manage
– single application maintenance can apply to many WPARs
• Provides increased flexibility by
– allowing administrators to quickly create or clone WPARs
• Improves administrative efficiency by
– providing for delegated root users
• Supports POWER4, POWER5, POWER6 and POWER7
Realize Innovation
• Provides new ways to manage your IT infrastructure
• Allows consolidation on a scale not previously practical

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Types of WPARs
• Static WPARs
– Application WPARs
• No file system isolation
– System WPARs
• Process level and file system isolation
• Look and feel of a stand-alone system
• File system usually on local disk
• Mobile WPARs
– Mobile Application WPARs
– Mobile System WPARs
• NFS based System WPARs
– File system on a NFS server (accessible from departure and arrival)
• SAN based System WPARs
– File system on a SAN (accessible from departure and arrival)
• VIOS vSCSI disk based System WPARs
– File system on VIOS allocated vSCSI disk (accessible from departure and arrival)

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Basic WPAR Lifecycles - Application WPARs
– Isolate an individual application
– Light-weight, single application
• can start further processes
– Created & started in seconds
– Starts when created
• when application starts
– Automatically removed
• when application stops
– Shares global file systems
– Good for HPC
• Long running applications
Application Workload Partitions provide lightweight isolation
Create and run
Stop and remove

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Basic WPAR Lifecycles - System WPARs
– Complete virtualized OS environment
• Runs multiple services and applications
– Needs to be created
– Removed only when requested
– Like stand-alone AIX system
• Own system services like inetd, cron, syslog
• Own root user, users, and groups
• Can be stopped and restarted
– Isolated file systems
• /, /tmp, /var, /home
• Optional: /usr, /opt
– Integrated with RBAC
• granular privilege and security
– Good for most purposes
Create
Stop
Run
Remove
Defined Active
System Workload Partitions are easy to setup and manage

15
Workload Partitions Isolation
• Process environment
– Processes only see and can signal other processes within WPAR
– Processes can only construct IPC mechanisms within a WPAR
• Pipes, shared memory, semaphores & message queues
• File system space (system WPARs)
– Separate file systems created & WPAR processes chroot to these
– Processes within a WPAR only see files in these file systems
– Typically unique copy of / (root), /home, /var, /tmp file systems
– Default read-only /usr, /opt from Global AIX
• Network environment
– WPAR has separate IP address, hostname, and hostids
– For users, other nodes on the network, and network applications
• WPAR appears to be a stand-alone system
– Users may login to the System WPAR using telnet, ssh, rlogin, etc.

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Processes (view from Global)
• root@ec10 / # ps -ef -@

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Processes (view from WPAR)

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File systems (view from Global)

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File systems (view from WPAR)

20
Network Environment
• From Global
• From WPAR

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Workload Partitions Environment
• Security
– WPAR root is less privileged than Global root
– Integrated with Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
– Configurable privilege profile applied to WPAR at creation
– Included as part of AIX Common Criteria Certifications
• System services
– Mail, NFS client, inetd, syslog, cron, ... executed independently per WPAR
• Resource Controls
– Memory, CPU, paging space, PTYs
– Threads and process counts, other resources allocated to WPAR
• WPAR Serviceability
– Error Logging, Trace, Auditing, Accounting from within a WPAR
– WPAR aware statistics and performance tools (e.g. vmstat, wlmstat, topas,
iostat, svmon, …)

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Workload Partitions Environmental Differences
• No global system view from within a WPAR
• Privileged operation with system level effects are disallowed
from a WPAR
– i.e. adjust system clock, set timer granularities, set system wide tuning
options
• By default /usr and /opt are shared read-only in the WPAR
– Applications cannot install in these read-only locations
• Can mount read-write directories onto read-only /usr and /opt
– Application supporting relocatable install (USIL) can be installed in an
alternate location
– Optionally, /usr and /opt can be private and read-write for the WPAR
• Creates a private copy for the WPAR at creation time ( -l flag )

23
Workload Partitions (WPARs) Product Offerings
• Base WPAR comes with AIX 6 / AIX 7
– Base Native WPAR functions
– AIX command line / SMIT interface
– No Live Application Mobility
• Workload Partitions Manager for AIX
– FC 5765-G83
– Systems Director Plug-in (60 day trial)
– Enablement for Live Application Mobility
– Manual or Automated (Policy-based)
Application Mobility
– Cross System Management for WPARs
– Licensed Program Product
• part of AIX Enterprise Edition

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Versioned WPARs Product Offerings
• AIX 5.2 WPARs for AIX 7
– FC 5765-H38
– Licensed Program Product (Fee)
– GA: September 10, 2010
–– POWER7 & AIX 7.1POWER7 & AIX 7.1
– SWMA includes phone and limited
defect support for AIX 5.2
• AIX 5.3 WPARs for AIX 7
– FC 5765-WP7
– Licensed Program Product (Fee)
– GA: October 14, 2011
–– POWER7 & AIX 7.1POWER7 & AIX 7.1
– SWMA includes phone and limited
defect support for AIX 5.3

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Agenda
– Overview

26
AIX running Multiple Applications
Application A Application B
A
I
X
K
E
R
N
E
L
CPUs in the machine or LPAR
Memory in the machine or LPAR
Global AIX
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/opt
---/var
---/bin
---/sbin
---/appA
---/appB
Processes

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Global AIX & WPARs
A
I
X
K
E
R
N
E
L
Global AIX WPAR A WPAR B
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars/A
---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars/B
--- ditto
Processes

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Global AIX & WPARs Isolation of Processes
A
I
X
K
E
R
N
E
L
Processes
Global AIX “sees” everything & WPAR only itself
Like: ps command, signals, IPC, etc.
Each WPAR has its own init, inetd, syslog, etc./ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars/A
---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars/B
--- ditto

29
Global AIX & WPAR Isolation of File Systems
Global AIX “sees” All Files & WPAR only their files
A
I
X
K
E
R
N
E
L
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
Processes
chroot
chroot
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars/A
---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars/B
--- ditto

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Global AIX & WPAR Networking
A
I
X
K
E
R
N
E
L
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
Processes
Network
Using
Aliases
Network packets passed to the right process = right WPAR
chroot
chroot
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars/A
---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars/B
--- ditto

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Agenda
– Overview

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WPAR Resource Management
• Resources are controlled by the WPAR configuration
• WPAR resource control is performed in the global AIX
• WPARs may be associated with a resource set (rset)
• Each WPAR has its own set of allowed privileges (WPAR
privilege set)
– commands and processes inside a WPAR get, at most, the inherited
privileges of that WPAR privilege set
• WPAR root is less privileged than root in the global AIX
• Configurable privilege profile applied to WPAR at creation
(-S flag)

33
Resource Control
• GUI WPAR Manager Edit WPAR
• Command-Line Interface (CLI)
chwpar –R
active=yes/no rset=rset
shares_CPU=n CPU=min%-soft%,hard%
shares_memory=n memory=min%-soft%,hard%
totalProcesses=n totalThreads=n
procVirtMem=n[M|G|T] totalVirtMem=n[M|G|T]
totalPTYs=n totalLargePages=n
pct_msgIDs=n% pct_semIDs=n%
pct_shmIDs=n% pct_pinMem=n%
Examples:
– Switch control on (default) chwpar –R active=yes wp04
– 200 CPU shares chwpar –R shares_CPU=200 wp04
– Set min, softmax, hardmax chwpar –R CPU=10-50,75 wp04
– Use only CPU four (rset) chwpar –R rset=sys/cpu.00004 wp04
• Removing resource control
use –K option:
chwpar –K –R rset wp04 or chwpar –K –R shares_CPU wp04
then flip “Resource Control” off and back to “Activate” (-R active=no/yes)

34
Agenda
– Overview

35
WPAR Commands
• Basic management:
– mkwpar create a system WPAR
– wparexec create and run an application WPAR
– lswpar list WPAR details and status
– chwpar make changes to the WPAR
– rmwpar remove the WPAR
– clogin Initiate a user console session
– startwpar activate a system WPAR
– stopwpar deactivate an active WPAR
– rebootwpar stop and restart a system WPAR
• Software maintenance:
– syncwpar synchronize global environment and WPAR software levels
– syncroot synchronize non-shared portion of installed software
– inuwpar perform software installation in a detached WPAR
– migwpar after OS migration of global environment to AIX 7, migrates a
WPAR that was created on global AIX 6 to AIX 7 (AIX 7.1 only)

36
WPAR Commands (contd.)
• Backup and Restore:
– savewpar backup WPAR files
– restwpar recreate the WPAR from backup image
– mkwpardata create a file used by the savewpar / restwpar
– restwparfiles restore files from a backup source
– lssavewpar lists the contents of a WPAR backup

37
Performance Monitoring for WPARs
• Performance tools updated to support proper tracking and
filtering of system performance data for WPARs
• Global convention “-@” flag denotes WPAR specific operations
Executes normally and prints the summary of all
WPARs. A workload partition name is displayed
(does not apply to commands not providing
summaries)
Fails with usage message as
option -@ ALL is made illegal
inside the WPAR
-@ ALL
Prints relevant information for given WPAR only.
Equivalent to running commands inside the
specified WPAR
Fails with usage message as -@
WPARName option is made
illegal inside the WPAR
-@ WPARName
Prints relevant information for the global
environment only
Global option is not allowed-@ Global
Many commands support -@ alone.
Some commands fail with workload partition not
found message. Need to specify a WPAR name.
Some commands support the -@
flag. Ex: iostat / vmstat provide
system-level statistics
-@
Executes normally with no changes from previous
versions of AIX
Executes the default report and
displays an @ above the metrics
specific to the WPAR
None
Behavior in Global environmentBehavior in WPARFlag/Argument

38
SMIT Panels
• SMIT fastpath: root@p7wphost1:/# smit wpar

39
IBM PowerVM Workload Partitions Manager for AIX

40
• What is it?
– IBM Systems Director advanced manager plug-in (60-day trial)
• federates management of WPARs across multiple systems
– WPARs can be created, cloned, stopped, started and monitored from
a single browser-based console
– Enablement for AIX Live Application Mobility
– Part of AIX Enterprise Edition or can be purchased separately
• How can it help?
– Single point of management for all WPARs and enablement for AIX
Live Application Mobility
– Can reduce cost and complexity through centralized management of
WPARs across multiple systems
– Policy based relocation and federated management of WPARs
provides new ways to manage your IT infrastructure

41
AIX Live Application Mobility
• Move a running Workload Partition from one server to another
for outage avoidance and multi-system workload balancing
• Works on any hardware supported by AIX 6 and AIX 7
Workload
Partition
QA
AIX # 2
Workload
Partition
Data Mining
Workload
Partition
App Server
Workload
Partition
Web
AIX # 1
Workload
Partition
Dev
Workload
Partition
e-mail
Workload
Partitions
Manager
for AIX
Policy
Workload
Partition
Billing
WPAR’s filesystem on Shared NFS or SAN Storage

42
AIX Live Application Mobility – Why? & How?
• Multi-system workload balancing
– Optimize the resource usage of CPU, memory, and I/O
– Vacate a machine to avoid application outages ( upgrade hardware, AIX, or
firmware or for machine repair )
• Mobility requires shared storage model
– WPAR filesystem has to be on shared NFS, SAN storage, or VIOS vSCSI
• Requires departure and arrival systems to be compatible
– Same processor family
– Software levels on source and target systems must match
– Networking: source and target systems on same subnet
– For IPv6 networks: NFSv4 is required
• Policy Based Relocation
– WPAR needs to be tagged as “Policy Enabled”
– WPAR must be checkpointable
– Both Global Environments belong to same Relocation Domain

43
Agenda
– Overview

44
Workload Partitions Enhancements
AIX 6.1 GA (Nov 2007)
– Base Support (including NFS based mobility)
AIX 6.1 TL01 (April 2008)
– NFS Support (NFS Client)
AIX 6.1 TL02 (Nov 2008)
– Named Network Interfaces
– Asynchronous mobility performance improvements
– Network Isolation - optional WPAR-specific routing
• Addresses requirement for firewall/boundary enforcement,
between WPARs on the same node
• WPAR shares global routes (default)
– NIM Client Support for WPAR
– IPv6 Support for WPAR
– Additional Resource Control (PTYs, LargePages, IPC, PinnedMem)

45
Workload Partitions Enhancements (contd.)
AIX 6.1 TL03 (May 2009)
– WPAR Storage Devices Support
• Storage devices must be connected via SAN
• Disk, Tape, and CD-ROM devices supported
– Clone WPAR
• Create another instance of an existing WPAR
• No need to recreate WPAR and re-install application(s) if another WPAR
instance is required
AIX 6.1 TL04 (Oct 2009)
– WPAR owned Root Volume Group (rootvg)
• File system management within WPAR
• WPAR owns all the root file systems (/, /tmp, /var, etc.)
– SAN based mobility
– Virtual Memory Limit per WPAR
– IBM PowerVM Workload Partitions (WPAR) Manager 2.1.0
• IBM Systems Director advanced manager plug-in

46
Root Volume Group
• Global-owned Root Volume Group
• WPAR-owned Root Volume Group
Global Environment
/wpars/alice
/usr
/opt
/wpars/alice/tmp
/wpars/alice/home
/wpars/alice/var
WPAR Environment: Alice
/
/usr
/opt
/tmp
/home
/var
/usr
/opt
/usr
/opt
/
/tmp
/home
/var
Quick provisioning
Shared Global file system resources
Global admin manages file systems
File systems must be NFS for mobility
Greater file system isolation
WPAR admin manages file systems
JFS2 file systems for mobility
hdisk0
hdisk0
hdisk20

47
WPAR SAN Mobility (conceptual picture)
WPAR MGR
Node A
Node B
Mobile SAN WPAR: Alice
SAN disk: root FSs
SAN disk: NON-root FSsAliceBob
SAN disk array

48
Workload Partitions Enhancements (contd.)
AIX 6.1 TL04 (contd.) (Oct 2009)
– Support for fuser command in WPAR
– VxFS Support
• Support via namefs mount (any fs that supports POSIX fs semantics)
AIX 6.1 TL05 (April 2010)
– WPAR Error Logging Framework
AIX 6.1 TL06 (Sept 2010)
– VIOS vSCSI disk support
– WPAR upgrade (migration to AIX 7.1) support
AIX 7.1 (Sept 2010)
– FC Adapter + resources attached under it, MPIO management
– Trusted Kernel Extensions support
– AIX 5.2 WPARs for AIX 7 (Versioned WPARs) *** (LPP)

49
FibreChannel Support in WPARs
• Current Shared Adapter Model
– Supports sharing standard FC between WPARs
– WPAR gets a LUN
– Global AIX manages MPIO and FC devices
– Supports default AIX MPIO and limited storage devices
– New support for VIOS vSCSI disk
• New System WPAR-owned FC Adapter (AIX 7.1 only)
– No relocation possible
– Not supported with Versioned WPARs
– WPAR gets the FC adapter
– WPAR manages MPIO and FC devices
– Architecturally supports
• any multi-pathing solution
• any storage device

50
FibreChannel, Virtual SCSI, NPIV FibreChannel Support
NPIV FibreChannel Configuration
Storage Area Network
fcs0
vfchost0
LPAR 1
fcs0 (NPIV)
hdisk0
hdisk0
WPAR A
LPAR 2
fcs0 (NPIV)
hdisk0
vfchost1
VirtualI/OServer
Storage Subsystem LUN
Virtual SCSI disk configuration
vscsi1
hdisk1
LPAR 2
VirtualI/OServer
fcs0
hdisk0
vtscsi0 vtscsi1
vhost1vhost0
vscsi0
hdisk0
LPAR 1
hdisk0
WPAR A
VirtualI/OServer
FibreChannel disk configuration
hdisk0
LPAR 2
fcs0
hdisk0
LPAR 1
WPAR A
fcs0
hdisk0
Storage subsystem:
- LUN (Logical Unit Number) - A unit of storage on the storage subsystem. This will eventually get mapped (via vscsi, physical FC, or NPIV FC) to an hdisk## on the LPAR
VIOS devices:
- fcs0 - The logical device name of the FC adapter, has a unique WWPN (World Wide Port Name)
- vtscsi - The virtual target device on the VIOS, this maps to a vscsi hdisk on the LPAR
- vhost - The vscsi host device on the VIOS, this maps to a vscsi adapter device on the LPAR
- vfchost - The NPIV host device on the VIOS, this maps to a NPIV fcs0 adapter device on the LPAR and generate its WWPN
Client LPAR (global) devices:
- fcs0 - The logical device name of the FC adapter, can either be physical or NPIV. Has a a unique WWPN. For NPIV, WWPN is generated by the VIOS.
- vscsi - The vscsi adapter device on the LPAR
NEW

51
• These configurations not yet supported by WPAR Manager (Mobility NOT possible)
Adapter support Inside a WPAR (AIX 7.1 only)
FibreChannel adapter configuration
LPAR 2
fcs0
VirtualI/OServer
LPAR 1
hdisk0
WPAR A
fcs0
fcs0
Storage subsystem:
- LUN (Logical Unit Number) - A unit of storage on the storage subsystem. This will eventually get mapped (via vscsi, physical FC, or NPIV FC) to an hdisk## on the LPAR
VIOS devices:
- fcs0 - The logical device name of the FC adapter, has a unique WWPN (World Wide Port Name)
- vfchost - The NPIV host device on the VIOS, this maps to a NPIV fcs0 adapter device on the LPAR and generate its WWPN
Client LPAR (global) devices:
- fcs0 - The logical device name of the FC adapter, can either be physical or NPIV. Has a a unique WWPN. For NPIV, WWPN is generated by the VIOS.
NPIV FibreChannel adapter configuration
LPAR 1
hdisk0
WPAR A
fcs0
fcs0 (NPIV)
LPAR 2
hdisk0
fcs0 (NPIV)
VirtualI/OServer
fcs0
vfchost1vfchost0

52
Trusted Kernel Extensions (AIX 7.1 only)
• Some applications need kernel extension(s) to be loaded
• AIX 7.1 adds support for System WPARs to load one or more
trusted kernel extension(s)
• Use the –X flag with mkwpar or chwpar commands to specify
the extensions to be loaded by the WPAR
• Extension information can be provided
– in a file:
• #mkwpar –n mywpar –X exportfile=filename . . . .
– as attributes on the command line:
• #mkwpar –n mywpar –X kext=/usr/lib/drivers/skippy
• Information on extensions configured for WPARs can be listed:
– #lswpar -X

53
Agenda
– Overview

54
AIX 5.2 WPAR for AIX 7 - Product Info
• AIX 5.2 level supported is final SP of final TL (TL10 SP8)
– AIX 5.2 system must be brought to 5200-10-08 to be supported
• WPAR restrictions apply
– HACMP support from global
– NFS server not supported in a WPAR
– Device support is limited to devices directly supported in WPAR
• AIX 5.2 Workload Partitions for AIX 7 is a LPP
• Only supported on POWER7 hardware
• AIX 5.2 is not provided
– client must already have AIX 5.2 environment

55
AIX 5.3 WPAR for AIX 7 - Product Info
• AIX 5.3 level supported is current SP of current TL (TL12 SP4)
– AIX 5.3 system must be brought to 5300-12-04 to be supported
• WPAR restrictions apply
– HACMP support from global
– NFS server not supported in a WPAR
– Device support is limited to devices directly supported in WPAR
• AIX 5.3 Workload Partitions for AIX 7 is a LPP
• Only supported on POWER7 hardware
• AIX 5.3 is not provided
– client must already have AIX 5.3 environment

56
Keeping Up
• Many Power Systems clients have
– large numbers of older generations of POWER servers
– running AIX 5.2 / AIX 5.3
• Lower performance and less energy efficient hardware
– compared to POWER7
• Usually for Tier 2 applications
• They would like to consolidate them but:
– lack the time & resources to upgrade AIX and the rest of the
application stack

57
Why clients using Older AIX releases
• Why still running on 4 to 10 years old systems
– If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it
– Application not supported on new AIX release
– AIX upgrade to 6.1 / 7.1?
= retest of newer Middle-ware & App version & OS
“Are you crazy!!” “No way man!!”
• Versioned WPARs offer:
– Same AIX, same Middle-ware and same Apps
• on new POWER7 hardware with AIX 7 features
– Lots of hidden bonuses

58
Versioned WPARs – Client Benefits
• New Licensed Program Product offerings
• Simplify migration of old AIX 5.2/5.3 workloads to POWER7
– Runs on AIX 7 and a POWER7 processor-based server
• Client benefits
– Simplifies consolidation of old workloads on new hardware
– Reclaims floor space and eliminates hardware support for old servers
– Reduced electricity & cooling costs
– Protects customer investment in application stacks
– Enables advanced capabilities
• VIOS virtual disks, virtual networks, Live Partition Mobility
• SMT4, AMS, AME, …
• Live Application Mobility (requires WPAR Manager)
– Boost performance
• reduce CPU count = reduced software licenses
– Provides a way for AIX 5.2 clients to move up to POWER7
– Offering includes phone and limited fix support for AIX 5.2 / AIX 5.3

59
Agenda
– Overview

60
WPAR versus LPAR
• Hardware partitions (LPARs, Virtual Systems)
– Run multiple OS’s on a single hardware system
• i.e. AIX, IBM i, and Linux
– I/O sharing across OS’s (with VIOS)
– Best resource control, isolation
– LPAR Mobility – can move a partition to a different hardware system
– Single AIX instance with multiple AIX WPARs
– Protect applications from interfering with each other (“good enough”
isolation)
– Confines root users to specific resources
– Easy to setup
– WPAR/Application Mobility – with WPAR Manager (AIX EE)

61
WPAR versus LPAR (contd.)
• Creation
– Create WPAR in seconds & LPAR in 10s of minutes
– LPAR=VIOS LV/disk/LUNs – WPARs supports NFS + Global AIX filesystem
– Rapid cloning is easy = “disposable images” – create, use, & delete
• Less memory
– AIX boot memory per LPAR = 512MB but WPAR ~64MB
– Share application code. WPARs = lower man-power, disk, memory
• Less updates
– Maintain 1 Global AIX plus syncwpar command – not dozens of AIX
– Run WPAR buckets: run Global AIX at different AIX levels. WPAR upgrade
means move + syncwpar
• Less admin
– Global AIX admin can access ALL WPAR processes and files
– Global AIX simpler Performance Monitoring than lots of AIX LPARs
– WPAR mess up! Use Global AIX to fix it!
– Backups are easy & small – default WPAR backup ~75MB file
– AIX 7.1 upgrade

62
Agenda
– Overview

63
IBM Products Supporting Shared System WPARs
• Subset of IBM Products that support shared system WPARs
– DB2 Enterprise Server Edition – 9.7
– Lotus Domino – 8.5.1, 8.5.2
– Tivoli Directory Server – 6.1, 6.2
– IBM License Metric Tool – 7.2, 7.2.1
– WebSphere Application Server Community Edition – 2.1
– WebSphere MQ – 6.0.2, 7.0, 7.0.1
Note: This is not an exhaustive list. Since there are multiple
types of shared system WPAR configurations, please consult
individual product documentation to understand the details and
any limitations of their shared system WPAR support

64
IBM Products Supporting Detached System WPARs
• Subset of IBM Products that support detached system WPARs
– DB2 Enterprise Server Edition – 9.1, 9.5, 9.7
– Lotus Domino – 8.5.1, 8.5.2
– Tivoli Directory Server – 6.1, 6.2
– Tivoli Access Manager for e-Business – 6.1, 6.1.1
– Tivoli Composite Application Manager for WebSphere - 6.1
– IBM License Metric Tool – 7.2, 7.2.1
– WebSphere Application Server Community Edition – 2.1
– WebSphere Application Server – 6.1, 7.0
– WebSphere MQ – 6.0.2, 7.0, 7.0.1
– WebSphere Enterprise Service Bus – 7.0
– WebSphere Portal Server – 6.1.5, 7.0
– WebSphere Process Server – 7.0
– IBM SDK for Java – 5.0 SR8+ 6.01+
– WebSphere eXtreme Scale - 7.1

65
DB2 in WPARs
• DB2 installed inside Detached (non-shared) System WPARs
• DB2 v9.7 installed in global AIX under /usr or /opt file systems
– DB2 binaries shared with Shared System WPARs
– DB2 instances and DAS created in Shared System WPARs
– Each System WPAR manages own DB2 instances and DAS related to
the DB2 copy
– DB2 instances and DAS created in a WPAR not visible from other
WPARs or global

66
WebSphere in WPARs
• WebSphere Application Server Version 6.1 or 7.0
– Detached (non-shared) System WPARs
• WebSphere Application Server Version 6.0 (or older)
– not supported
• Related WebSphere Technotes:
– Guidelines for using IBM WebSphere Application Server with an IBM
AIX application WPAR
– An insufficient free disk space error might occur when installing
WebSphere Application Server
– Guidelines for installing WebSphere Application Server into an AIX
System WPAR from the global environment
– Guidelines for installing WebSphere Application Server V7.0 into an
AIX System WPAR from within the WPAR
– Guidelines for installing WebSphere Application Server into an AIX
System WPAR from within the WPAR
– Installing WebSphere MQ in AIX Workload Partitions
– Installing WebSphere Portal on an AIX Workload Partition (WPAR)

67
Oracle in WPARs
• Only AIX 6.1 System WPARs supported
– Oracle DB 10gR2 (10.2.0.4 or higher)
– Oracle DB 11gR2 (11.2.0.2)
• Installation requires APAR # IZ52319 & IZ54871
• Single Instance Mode
• Oracle’s ASM (Automatic Storage Management)
– not supported
• Live Application Mobility (LAM)
– not supported
• Related My Oracle Support website documents:
– IBM AIX Workload Partition (WPAR) Installation Doc [ID 889220.1]
– SUPPORT FOR ORACLE DATABASE ON WPARS UNDER AIX 6.1
[ID 753601.1]

68
SAP in WPARs
• SAP supports WPARs for production systems
– Applications based on SAP NetWeaver Application Server for ABAP
and JAVA
• AIX 6.1 or higher
– SAP NetWeaver Master Data Management (MDM)
• currently not supported
– System WPARs only (Shared or Detached)
• Pre-install preparation steps required for Shared System WPARs
– Live Application Mobility (LAM)
– Versioned WPARs (AIX 5.2 WPARs)
– No resource control
– Dedicated or Shared Processor Pool LPAR

69
SAP Notes
• Related SAP Notes
Support for AIX 7.11458918
Installing Oracle on WPAR shared system on IBM AIX 6.11380038
Using SAP systems with AIX 6.11137862
Support for AIX 6.11087498
System requirement AIX - liveCache/MaxDB 7.4 to 7.8720261
MaxDB release for virtual systems1142243
5.) corrections new operating system monitor1243397
Startup of Instance failed on AIX 6.1 TL1 SP2 in a WPAR1278153
saposcol on AIX: High cpu usage by saposcol in WPARs1515356
FAQ: which saposcol should be used on AIX710975
General Support Statement for Virtual Environments1492000
SAP Installations in AIX WPARs1105456
Short DescriptionNumber

70
IBM Virtualization Capacity License Counting Rules
• To be eligible for Virtualization Capacity (Sub-Capacity)
licensing, Customers must agree to the terms of the
International Passport Advantage Agreement (IPAA)
Attachment for Sub-capacity Licensing Terms
– http://www.ibm.com/software/lotus/passportadvantage/subcapacityattachments.html
– http://www.ibm.com/software/lotus/passportadvantage/subcaplicensing.html
• IBM AIX System Workload Partitions
– ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/passportadvantage/SubCapacity/Scenarios_Power
_Systems_AIX_System_WPARs.pdf
• IBM AIX Application Workload Partitions
– not supported

71
Agenda
– Overview

72
WPAR Use Case: Unique Workload Consolidation
• Enable multiple instances of the same application deployed
across WPARs
– Many WPARS running DB2, WebSphere or Apache in same AIX
image
– Greatly increases the ability to consolidate workloads
• often same application used to provide different business services
– Enables consolidation of separate discrete workloads that require
separate instances of databases or applications unto a single system
or LPAR
– Reduced costs through optimized placement of workloads between
systems to yield the best performance and resource utilization

73
WPAR Use Case: Increased Server Utilization
• Enables management and consolidation of diverse workloads on a single
server increasing server utilization rates
• Hundreds of WPARs within a single AIX instance supported
– Far exceeding the capability of many partitioning technologies
• Fast resource adjustments in response to normal/unexpected demands
• Fast provisioning in response to normal/unexpected demands
– WPARs can be created in minutes
• Resource controls enable over-provisioning of resources
– If a WPAR’s resource usage is below allocated levels, the unused allocation
is automatically available to other WPARs
• Supports Live Application Mobility in response to normal/unexpected
demands
• All of the above, enables more consolidation on a single server or LPAR

74
WPAR Use Case: Lowering Administration Cost
• Multiple WPARs supported within one instance of AIX
– Smaller number of OS images to maintain (many providers charge per
OS image)
– Single maintenance to the operating system is applied, potentially, to
hundreds of WPARs
• Multiple WPARs can be supported with single instance of an
application
– Single application install/maintenance is applied, potentially, to
hundred of WPARs
• Ability to delegate administrative tasks to the WPAR users
(typically the WPAR root user)
– user/group administration, backup/restore
– Scope of delegation controlled by WPAR RBAC profile
• Reduced costs through simplified administration

75
WPAR Use Case: Workload Life Cycle Management
• Enable development, test and production cycles of one
workload to be placed on a single system or LPAR
– Different levels of applications (production1, production2, test1, test2,
etc.) may be deployed in separate WPARs
– Quick and easy roll out/roll back to production environments
– Reduced costs through the sharing of hardware resources
– Reduced costs through the sharing of software resources such as the
operating system, databases, and tools

76
References

77
New Redbook – Hot off the press
IBM Redbooks
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com
SG24-7955
Released: August 2011

78
Resources
Redbooks:
Exploiting IBM AIX Workload Partitions (Aug 2011)
– http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg247955.html?Open
Workload Partition Management in IBM AIX Version 6.1 (Dec 2008)
Introduction to Workload Partition Management in IBM AIX Version 6.1 (Nov 2007)
Product Documentation:
IBM Workload Partitions for AIX (AIX 6.1)
– http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/topic/com.ibm.aix.wpar/wpar_pdf.pdf
IBM Workload Partitions for AIX (AIX 7.1)
– http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v7r1/topic/com.ibm.aix.wpar/wpar_pdf.pdf
AIX 5.2 Workload Partitions for AIX 7
– http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v7r1/topic/com.ibm.aix.cre/cre_pdf.pdf
– http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/topic/com.ibm.aix.wparlpp/wparlpp_pdf.pdf
IBM Systems Director:
IBM Systems Director Download Site
– http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/software/director/downloads/

79
WPAR – the movies
• By Nigel Griffiths (of nmon fame)
http://tinyurl.com/AIXmovies
1. WPAR Theory and Background
2. WPAR Manager Introduction
3. WPAR Mobility/Relocation
4. Create WPAR Simple
5. Create WPAR Detailed
6. Power5 to Power6 Mobility
7. WPAR Full Properties
8. WPAR Command Line
9. Compare Global and WPAR Environment
10.WPAR Backup and Cloning
11.Faster Relocation
12.Static Relocation
13.Director based WPAR Manager
14.Versioned WPAR
Total=
3HourDem
o
Total=
3HourDem
o

80
Any Questions?

81
81
Thank you for your time
Don’t forget the Session Evals

82
WPAR Courses available from IBM Training
AIX Workload Partitions Installation and Management (ILO)
– Course code: AX170 Duration: 4.0 days
AIX Workload Partitions I - Creating WPARs (D-ILO)
– Course code: AQ600 Duration: 1.0 days
AIX Workload Partitions II - File Systems and Devices (D-ILO)
AIX Workload Partitions III - Administration and Resource Control
(D-ILO)

83
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85
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