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1. University
of Zakho
Supervised by:
Mr. Shekar
Prepared by
1. Sarmand Sulieman
2. Bahzad Nayef
Use of Microbes In Oil Recovery

2. Contents
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How Crude Oil Is Recovered?
What Is Enhanced Oil Recovery(eor)?
Primary Techinques Of Eor
What Is Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery(meor)?
Advantages Of Meor
Disadvantages Of Meor
Conclusion
Reference

3. 3
There Are Three Ways To Recover Crude Oil
Primary Recovery
Secondary Recovery
Tertiary Recovery/Eor
How Crude Oil Is Recovered?

4. 4
It is the initial stage of producing oil from a reservoir.
Uses natural pressure of the reservoir to push crude oil to the surface
ALLOWS ABOUT 15% OF THE OIL IN THE RESEVOIR TO BE
EXTRACTED Its a natural mechanisms. As it uses natural forces
(NATURAL GAS) for production of oil
Primary Recovery

5. 5
Injects pressurised GAS and WATER to drive the residual crude oil
and gas remaining after the primary oil recovery phase to the surface
wells
ALLOWS ADDITIONAL 20%-40% OF THE OIL IN THE
RESERVOIR TO BE EXTRACTED
Secondary Recovery

6. Tertiary Recovery/EOR
Injects different materials to improve the flow between oil and recover
crude oil remaining after the primary and secondary oil recovery
phases
ALLOWS ADDITIONAL 60% OF THE OIL IN THE RESEVOIR
TO BE EXTRACTED
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7. Diagrammatical View Of Primary, Secondary And Tertiary
Recovery
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8. What is EOR?
Enhanced oil recovery is also called IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY
or TERTIARY RECOVERY
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR) is the implementation of
various techniques for increasing the amount of crude oil that can be
extracted from an oil field
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9. Objective Of EOR
The main objective of EOR is to recover as much as possible oil in the
reservoir/wells
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10. EOR Techniques
THIS MAINLY INVOLVES THREE TECHIQUES
Gas injection (natural gas, carbon dioxide, nitrogen)
Thermal injection (introduction of heat, cyclic steam injection, steam
flooding)
Chemical injection (surfactant flooding, polymer flooding, alkali
flooding, microbes)
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11. Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery(MEOR)
PART OF CHEMICAL INJECTION-(WITH THE HELP OF MICRO-
ORGANISMS)
MEOR is a process in which MICRO-ORGANISM are used to produce
surfactants, acids, and/or gases using growth substrates from the fossil fuel, to
enhance the oil recovery
BIOSURFACTANT - which decrease the oil viscosity to increase oil flow
ACID-which increase the rock porosity and hence oil flow
GASES to increase the pressure in the reservoir and improve oil recovery
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12. • Enhanced Oil Recovery Through Microbes
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ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY THROUGH MICROBES

13. MEOR Application
Selective Plugging
Hydrocarbon Chain Degrading Bacteria
Microbiological stimulation for oil recovery
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14. 1.Selective Plugging Recovery
BLOCKS the high permeability zone in the oil leads to the increase in oil
recovery.
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15. 2.Hydrocarbon Chain Degrading Bacteria
A large group of bacteria is able to cut hydrocarbon chains thus
decreasing the viscosity of oil
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16. 3.Microbiological Stimulation For Oil Recovery
Stimulating naturally occurring bacteria that feed on oil to create
conditions that release residual oil from the reservoir.
The interfacial tension between water and oil is lowered resulting in
easier oil recovery.
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17. The Best Part Of Meor
Microbes REPLICATE- process is SELF SUSTAINING
Eliminates logistical hassle
Find their own carbon source in the reservoir
It's a cheap method as compare to other EOR technologies
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18. References
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Petroleum Technology Research Centre Saskatchewan articles
Dr. Maria Antoinette Baronet- fall 2001, class notes Pete module-1
Oil and Gas recovery by Squab
 Microbial oil recovery by I.A Jimson, Rudy S.N and Sugared E.G