Spanglish is a set of dialects that mix Spanish and English. It originated in the late 19th century when areas of Mexico were ceded to the United States and Spanish speakers were forced to learn English. Over time, these bilingual communities incorporated words and phrases from both languages into their daily speech. Linguist John Lipski identified four main manifestations of Spanglish: integrated English loans used in Spanish, spontaneous English loans used with Spanish phonetics, use of English idioms and phrases in Spanish sentences, and code-switching between the two languages.