This document provides information about the present simple tense in English, including its formula, verbs that take -s or -es endings, and nine common uses with examples. The present simple tense is used to express habitual actions, general truths, exclamatory sentences with here and there, as a substitute for simple past in narratives, to express future events from timetables, to introduce quotations, instead of simple future in time and condition clauses, for sports commentaries, and to show permanent situations versus temporary ones. Negative and interrogative forms are also explained.

1. Present Simple Tense
By
Mirza Mohammad Aun Shah Temuri.

2. FORMULA:
• SUBJECT + 𝟏 𝒔𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒃(present tense) [with or without s/es]
+ OBJECT + ADVERBIAL.
VERBS WITHOUT S/ES
All first persons (I, We)
All second persons (You)
All third person plural (They)
VERBS WITH S/ES
All third person singular (He, She, It)
Names (e.g George, Abbas)

3. USES
• There are nine Uses of Present Indefinite/Simple tense. Each are explained
with examples in details in the following slides.

4. (1) To express a habitual action.
• He drinks tea every morning.
• I get up every day at five o'clock.
• My watch keeps good time.
• I take a tea after lunch.
• We catch fish on holidays.
• She washed her clothes in the morning.

5. (2) To express general truths.
• The sun rises in the east.
• Honey is sweet.
• Fortune favors the brave.
• The stars shine in the sky.
• Water flows downstream.
• God helps those who help themselves.

6. (3) In exclamatory sentences beginning with here and there
to express what is actually taking place in the present.
• Here comes the bus !
• There she goes !

7. (4) In vivid narrative, as substitute for the
Simple Past
• Soharab now rushes forward and deals a heavy blow to Rustam.
• Immediately the Sultan hurries to his capital.
• Mahmud of Ghazni attacks India.
• Allama Iqbal dreams of Pakistan.
• Hazrat Ibrahim jumps into the fire.

8. (5) To express a future event that is part of a
fixed timetable or fixed programme.
• The next flight is at 7,00 tomorrow morning.
• The match starts at 9 o'clock.
• The train leaves at 5:20.
• When does the coffee house reopen?

9. (6) It is used to introduce quotations.
• Keats says, ‘A thing of beauty is a joy for ever’.
• The Holy Prophet (PBUH) says, “You do not do evil who do evil to you, but
you deal with them with forgiveness and kindness.”

10. (7) It is used, instead of the Simple Future
Tense, in clauses of time and of condition.
• I shall wait till yon finish your lunch.
• If it rains we shall get wet.

11. (8) As in broadcast commentaries on sporting events, the Simple Present is used, instead
of the Present Continuous, to describe activities in progress where there is stress on
the succession of happenings rather than on the duration.
• And Eastwood passes the ball to Andrews.
• And Miller takes the lead in the first lap.

12. (9) The Simple Present is used, instead of the
Present Continuous.
• I work in an international company. ( shows that my job is permanent)
• I am working in an international company. ( shows that I may be am on
contract basis)

13. Negative sentences.
• If the sentence uses verb without
s/es, then add “do not” before that
verb.
• E.g.
We eat mangoes.
We do not eat mangoes.
• If the sentence uses verb with s/es,
then make the verb singular and
then add “do not” before that verb.
• E.g.
He eats mangoes.
He does not eat mangoes.

14. Interrogative Sentences.
• If the sentence uses verb without
s/es, then add “do” before the
Subject.
• E.g
Do you eat meat?
• If the sentence uses verb with s/es,
then add “does” before the Subject.
• E.g
• Does he go to college?