India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world. As of April 2017, India's total installed power generation capacity was 329,204.53 MW. Coal accounts for the largest portion at 59.9% of total capacity. Other major sources include renewable energy such as solar and wind (15.9%), hydroelectric (14%), and natural gas (8.1%). The Indian government has set ambitious targets to increase renewable energy production, such as achieving 100 GW of solar power by 2022 through the International Solar Alliance.

1. Indian Energy Scenario
INDIA IS THE THIRD LARGEST PRODUCER OF ELECTRICITY IN THE WORLD
Bishal Das(BT14ME001)
Anjan karmakar(BT14ME002)
NIT MIZORAM

2. SOURCE
UTILITIES CAPACITY
(MW)
%
Coal 194,402.88 59.9
Hydroelectricity 44,594.42 14.0
Renewable energy
source
50,018.00 15.9
Natural Gas 25,329.38 8.1
Nuclear 6,780.00 1.8
Oil 837.63 0.3
Total 329,204.53
FIG 1:-Total installed Power generation Capacity (end of April 2017)
%
Coal
Hydroelectricity
Renewable energy
source
Natural Gas
Nuclear
Oil
TOTAL INSTALLED POWER GENERATION
CAPACITY (END OF APRIL 2017)
2

3. OIL AND GAS
 India ranks third in oil consumption with 212.7
million tons in 2016 after USA and China.
 During the calendar year 2015, India imported
195.1 million tons crude oil and 23.3 million tons
refined petroleum products and exported 55
million tons refined petroleum products.
 India has built surplus world class refining capacity
using imported crude oil for exporting refined
petroleum products.
 The net imports of crude oil is lesser by one
fourth after accounting exports and imports of
refined petroleum products.
 Natural gas production was 29.2 billion cubic
meters and consumption 50.6 billion cubic meters
during the calendar year 2015.
FIG-1:- OIL CONSUMPTION IN INDIA
FIG-2:- GAS CONSUMPTION IN INDIA
3

4. India has the world's 4th largest coal reserves. In
India, coal is the bulk of primary energy contributor
with 56.90% share equivalent to 411.9 Mtoe in
2016.
India is the third top coal producer in 2013 with
7.6% production share of coal in the world.
However, India ranks fifth in global coal production
at 228 mtoe (5.9%) in 2013 when its inferior quality
coal tonnage is converted into tons of oil
equivalent.
Coal-fired power plants account for 59% of India's
installed electricity capacity.
In 2013, India imported nearly 95 Mtoe of steam
coal and coking coal which is 29% of total
consumption to meet the demand in electricity,
cement and steel production.
COAL
FIG-1:- COAL CONSUMPTION IN INDIA
4

5.  Coal fired power generation is now switching over to supercritical (SC) and
ultra supercritical (USC) plants which operate with steam on higher
temperature and above critical pressure (221.2 bar) to produce power output
at higher thermal efficiency.
 The capital cost of a supercritical unit is higher but due to less fuel being
required for burning per unit of power generated its operating cost is less.
 The CO2 emission also gets reduced by 15% due to higher efficiency and less
fuel consumption producing less environment impact.
 The advantages of supercritical technology have become a focal point for
increasing coal based thermal power generation in India through the 12th
(2012-2017) and 13th (2017-2022) Five Year Plans.
 Supercritical technology is expected to account for 40% of all coal based
thermal capacity additions in the years to come.
5

6. HYDEL POWER
 India is the 7th largest producer of hydroelectric power in the world. India's installed utility-
scale hydroelectric capacity was 44,594 MW. Additional smaller hydroelectric power units with a
total capacity of 4,380 MW have been installed.
In the fiscal year 2016-17, the total hydroelectric power generated in India was
122.31 TWh (excluding small hydro).India also imports surplus hydroelectric power from Bhutan.
India's economically exploitable and viable hydroelectric potential is estimated to be 148,701
MW. An additional 6,780 MW from smaller hydro schemes (with capacities of less than 25 MW)
is estimated as exploitable.
56 sites for pumped storage schemes with an aggregate installed capacity of 94,000 MW have
also been identified.
6

7. SOLAR ENERGY
Solar power in India is a fast developing industry. As of September, 2017 the country's solar grid
had a cumulative capacity of 16.20 GW.
With about 300 clear and sunny days in a year, the calculated solar energy incidence on India's
land area is about 5000 trillion kWh per year.
India's initiative to produce 100 GW from solar energy by 2022,with the help of International
Solar Alliance(ISA).
7

8. WIND ENERGY
Wind power generation capacity in India has significantly increased in recent years. As of the
end of July 2017 the total installed wind power capacity is 32.56 GW.
India is planning to enter into offshore wind power, with a 100 MW demonstration plant
located off the Gujarat coast.
Wind power accounts nearly 9.87% of India's total installed power generation capacity and
generated 46,011 million kWh in the fiscal year 2016-17 which is nearly 3% of total electricity
generation.
The National Institute of Wind Energy has announced an estimation of the potential wind
resource in India in the range of 49,130 MW to 302,000 MW assessed at 100 m hub height. In
2015, the MNRE set the target for Wind Power generation capacity by the year 2022 at 60,000
MW.
* MNRE-The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy
8

9. BIO-POWER ENERGY
India has a installed capacity of Bio-gas and waste to power energy as 8182 and 114.08 MW
respectively with a target to produce 10,000 MW by 2022 .
The government intends to achieve 40% cumulative electric power capacity from non fossil fuel
sources by 2030.
9