Preoperative nursing care involves a thorough assessment of risk factors and the patient's physical, emotional, and psychosocial status prior to surgery. This includes obtaining informed consent, providing education on postoperative care, administering preoperative medications and diagnostic tests, and ensuring the patient is prepared for surgery. The goal is to optimize the patient's health and reduce risks so they have the best possible surgical outcome and recovery.
The document discusses the admission of a patient. Admission involves receiving the patient, performing examinations and evaluations, orienting the patient to the unit and rehabilitation team, coordinating with physicians, and opening the patient's chart. Special considerations are given to reducing stress on the patient through an individualized admission process that shows efficiency and concern for their needs. The overall goals of admission are to thoroughly evaluate and treat the patient so they feel comfortable and secure.
Organization and Management of Operation TheatreSheetal Yadav
This document discusses the management and organization of operating theatres. It begins by defining an operating theatre and describing its purpose. It then outlines the types of surgeries performed in operating theatres including emergency, elective, major and minor surgeries. The document also discusses advances in surgery like microsurgery, cryosurgery and laparoscopic surgery. It provides objectives for operating theatres and describes the operating theatre complex. Key considerations for operating theatre planning, construction, lighting, power outlets, air conditioning and ventilation are also summarized.
The document discusses the design and setup of an operation theatre. It outlines key areas that should be included like an anesthesia room, sterilization room, recovery room, and storeroom. It also describes the daily, weekly, and deep cleaning procedures needed to properly sanitize the operation theatre and prevent infections. Furthermore, it covers the preparation of equipment, instruments, and supplies as well as different sterilization methods like autoclaving, gamma irradiation, and ethylene oxide.
This document discusses different types of patient transfers within and between hospitals and outlines guidelines for safe transfers. It identifies that transfers, especially of critically ill patients, can pose risks. Adverse events during transfers have been reported in 6-70% of cases, including changes in vital signs, unplanned extubation, and cardiac arrest (rates as high as 8%). Risks are greater for sicker patients and urgent transfers. Factors like communication, equipment, monitoring, and planning are important to consider. The document provides tables outlining reported adverse events and mishaps during transfers. It emphasizes the need for guidelines addressing who, what, when, where, why and how questions before any patient transfer.
The document discusses basic life support techniques for responding to cardiac or respiratory arrest. It describes maintaining an open airway, providing rescue breathing through ventilations, and performing chest compressions to circulate blood until emergency services arrive. The key steps are to check for response, call for help, open the airway, check breathing, perform 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths, and use an AED if available. Basic life support aims to restore oxygenated blood flow until more advanced treatment can revive the individual.
This document provides guidance on preoperative preparation for general surgery patients. It discusses defining the preoperative period, objectives of preoperative assessment, types of patients, principles of history taking and medical examination, common investigations, optimizing medical conditions, obtaining consent, and organizing the operating theatre list. The key aspects of preoperative preparation covered include gathering relevant patient information, assessing and optimizing the patient's medical status, anticipating and planning for risks, and informing all parties involved in the patient's care.
This document discusses pre-operative assessment and preparation of surgical patients. It outlines the goals of pre-operative evaluation which include identifying medical issues, determining if further information is needed, and ensuring the patient is medically optimized for surgery. It also discusses informed consent, appropriate pre-operative tests and investigations, prophylactic measures to prevent complications, anesthesia considerations, and assessing post-operative intensive care needs.
The document discusses the admission of a patient. Admission involves receiving the patient, performing examinations and evaluations, orienting the patient to the unit and rehabilitation team, coordinating with physicians, and opening the patient's chart. Special considerations are given to reducing stress on the patient through an individualized admission process that shows efficiency and concern for their needs. The overall goals of admission are to thoroughly evaluate and treat the patient so they feel comfortable and secure.
Organization and Management of Operation TheatreSheetal Yadav
This document discusses the management and organization of operating theatres. It begins by defining an operating theatre and describing its purpose. It then outlines the types of surgeries performed in operating theatres including emergency, elective, major and minor surgeries. The document also discusses advances in surgery like microsurgery, cryosurgery and laparoscopic surgery. It provides objectives for operating theatres and describes the operating theatre complex. Key considerations for operating theatre planning, construction, lighting, power outlets, air conditioning and ventilation are also summarized.
The document discusses the design and setup of an operation theatre. It outlines key areas that should be included like an anesthesia room, sterilization room, recovery room, and storeroom. It also describes the daily, weekly, and deep cleaning procedures needed to properly sanitize the operation theatre and prevent infections. Furthermore, it covers the preparation of equipment, instruments, and supplies as well as different sterilization methods like autoclaving, gamma irradiation, and ethylene oxide.
This document discusses different types of patient transfers within and between hospitals and outlines guidelines for safe transfers. It identifies that transfers, especially of critically ill patients, can pose risks. Adverse events during transfers have been reported in 6-70% of cases, including changes in vital signs, unplanned extubation, and cardiac arrest (rates as high as 8%). Risks are greater for sicker patients and urgent transfers. Factors like communication, equipment, monitoring, and planning are important to consider. The document provides tables outlining reported adverse events and mishaps during transfers. It emphasizes the need for guidelines addressing who, what, when, where, why and how questions before any patient transfer.
The document discusses basic life support techniques for responding to cardiac or respiratory arrest. It describes maintaining an open airway, providing rescue breathing through ventilations, and performing chest compressions to circulate blood until emergency services arrive. The key steps are to check for response, call for help, open the airway, check breathing, perform 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths, and use an AED if available. Basic life support aims to restore oxygenated blood flow until more advanced treatment can revive the individual.
This document provides guidance on preoperative preparation for general surgery patients. It discusses defining the preoperative period, objectives of preoperative assessment, types of patients, principles of history taking and medical examination, common investigations, optimizing medical conditions, obtaining consent, and organizing the operating theatre list. The key aspects of preoperative preparation covered include gathering relevant patient information, assessing and optimizing the patient's medical status, anticipating and planning for risks, and informing all parties involved in the patient's care.
This document discusses pre-operative assessment and preparation of surgical patients. It outlines the goals of pre-operative evaluation which include identifying medical issues, determining if further information is needed, and ensuring the patient is medically optimized for surgery. It also discusses informed consent, appropriate pre-operative tests and investigations, prophylactic measures to prevent complications, anesthesia considerations, and assessing post-operative intensive care needs.
The document describes what an operation theatre is and its key components and design considerations. It can be summarized as:
1) An operation theatre is a complex, sterile environment for safely conducting surgeries, integrating surgical and anesthetic equipment.
2) Proper location and design of zones (sterile, clean, protective, disposal) are important to maintain sterility. Design considerations include ventilation, lighting, medical gases, electricity, and fire safety measures.
3) Key areas of an operation theatre include the operating suite, scrub station, sterile preparation area, and requirements like air filtration, temperature/humidity control, and non-porous flooring/walls.
The document provides an overview of the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) in a hospital. It describes the CSSD's functions like receiving, cleaning, sterilizing and distributing medical supplies and equipment. It outlines the layout, staffing, equipment and processes used in different areas of the CSSD like receiving, cleaning, packing and sterilization. Quality assurance procedures like the use of indicators and records maintained are also summarized.
This document defines vulnerable patients as those unable to protect or care for themselves, and lists several categories of vulnerable patients including the elderly, children, disabled individuals, and patients undergoing medical procedures. It describes how nurses should assess and care for vulnerable patients, with an emphasis on safety. Key safety measures include identification bands, regular checks, grab bars, non-slip surfaces, adequate lighting, and ensuring vulnerable patients are not left unattended. The goal is to minimize risks for these patients like falls, injuries, neglect, and infections.
The document discusses key aspects of operating room design and procedures. It outlines considerations for traffic flow, ventilation, and emergency signals to ensure a safe surgical environment. Proper attire is also described, including head covers, masks, gowns and gloves to prevent infection and protect patients.
this is a very brief guide for medical students and interns who will be going in the o.t for the first time. this presentation includes almost all aspects of o.t.
Pre and post operative nursing management ksupelua1
This document outlines the phases of pre, intra, and postoperative nursing management. It discusses the key responsibilities in each phase, including patient education and preparation in the preoperative phase, ensuring patient safety and monitoring vital signs in the intraoperative phase, and assessing for complications while providing pain relief and encouraging activity in the postoperative phase. Potential complications are also summarized for both the intraoperative and postoperative periods.
Intra-operative care involves monitoring and caring for patients during surgery. It includes activities like monitoring vital signs, blood oxygen levels, providing fluids and medications, and assisting with the surgical procedure. The goals are to maintain patient safety, homeostasis, and sterile technique. Precautions must be taken due to the vulnerable state induced by anesthesia. Complications can occur from surgery, anesthesia, or positioning and must be quickly addressed by the healthcare team working together in the operating room.
The document outlines policies and procedures for Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders. It states that CPR will be administered to patients unless a DNR order is written by a physician. The physician must discuss the decision with the patient and family. If the patient cannot participate, the physician obtains opinions from interested parties about the patient's wishes. A DNR order is written on the patient's record and other measures are taken to communicate it to staff.
This document discusses hospital admission and discharge procedures. It covers the admission process including indications for admission, unit preparation, and admission procedures. It then discusses the purpose of admission, preliminary observations, and nurses' responsibilities during admission. The document also covers discharge planning, types of discharge, discharge procedures, and nurses' responsibilities during discharge. It provides examples of medico-legal cases and guidelines for admission, discharge, and transfer of medico-legal patients. Finally, it discusses terminal cleaning of patient units after discharge.
This document discusses several key legal issues in emergency medicine, including duty of care, consent, competence and capacity, privacy and confidentiality, refusal of treatment, and negligence. It emphasizes the importance of acting in the patient's best interests, obtaining valid consent, properly assessing decision-making capacity, and thorough documentation. Legal concepts are complex, so the focus should be on doing what a reasonable practitioner would do in any given situation.
The document discusses the history and evolution of perioperative nursing from the late 19th century to present day. It outlines key events like the introduction of the operating room team concept in 1894 and the establishment of the Association of Operating Room Nurses in 1949. The roles and responsibilities of perioperative nurses are described, including preparing patients for surgery, maintaining a sterile environment, and advocating for patient safety. Infection control practices and environmental sanitation protocols are also summarized.
This document discusses admission, discharge, and transfer procedures in a healthcare setting. It covers the admission process, responsibilities of admitting and nursing staff, types of admissions, discharge methods and planning, and nursing responsibilities for discharging and transferring patients. Standard procedures are outlined for admitting, orienting, and assessing new patients, as well as preparing patients for discharge or transfer.
The Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) performs cleaning, disinfection, sterilization and storage of reusable medical devices. It has four main areas: dirty/decontamination, clean/packaging, surgical linen packaging, and sterilized storage. Soiled devices are received for cleaning and disinfection. Cleaned devices are reassembled, packaged and sterilized. Sterile items are stored before distribution. The CSSD centralizes processing to ensure trained staff and quality control.
The document discusses the management and design considerations for an operation theatre (OT) suite in a hospital. It covers key aspects like location, number of operating rooms, zoning, equipment, lighting, ventilation, safety hazards, emergency equipment and patient protection protocols. The OT suite needs to be carefully planned and designed to minimize infection risks through segregated traffic flow and maintaining different cleanliness zones, from protective to sterile areas.
This document outlines guidelines for organizing intensive care units (ICUs) at different levels of a hospital. It discusses ICU levels I-III and their recommended features. Level I ICUs are for small hospitals and provide basic monitoring and short-term care. Level II ICUs have expanded capabilities and staff training. Level III ICUs provide the highest level of multisystem care and technology. The document also covers ICU unit design considerations, including patient area layout, noise levels, nursing stations, and necessary equipment and utilities. Staffing guidelines recommend intensivists to lead the team along with residents, nurses, respiratory therapists and other support staff tailored to the ICU's needs and capabilities.
This document discusses various hazards present in operating theatres. It defines hazards as dangers or risks and classifies operating theatre hazards into physical/accidental, chemical, biological, fire, and other hazards. For each category, specific hazards are identified and precautions are recommended. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing potential hazards through awareness, constant vigilance, and following standard operating procedures to ensure a safe operating theatre environment for patients and staff.
Safe transfer of unstable patient from hospital NABH ppt.pptxanjalatchi
Keep your body in a straight line, with a straight back and bent knees. Your head and chest should be up and straight. Keep your feet a little wider than your shoulder width. Keep the person's head, torso, and legs in line during the transfer.
The document provides an introduction to Central Sterile Supply Departments (CSSDs) in hospitals. It discusses the history and development of CSSDs, their aims and objectives, advantages, and key components including physical layout, functions, personnel, finances, preventive measures, equipment, and quality management. CSSDs are responsible for receiving, processing, storing, distributing, and controlling sterile and non-sterile medical supplies and equipment used in patient care. The modern CSSD concept was derived during World War II to help ensure a safe and efficient sterilization and distribution system.
The document provides an overview of the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) in a hospital. It discusses the mission, activities, definitions, aims, functions, advantages, planning, equipment, sterilization processes, storage, and role of the manager of the CSSD. The CSSD is responsible for cleaning, sterilizing, storing, and distributing sterile surgical instruments, supplies and linen in a timely, efficient and cost-effective manner to reduce infection rates and ensure quality patient care.
The Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) delivers sterile medical supplies and equipment to various hospital departments. It provides sterilized items, reduces infections, avoids duplicate equipment costs, and maintains sterilization records. The CSSD receives soiled items, washes and cleans them, assembles instrument sets, packages and labels the items, and sterilizes them using steam or ethylene oxide. The sterilized items are then stored and distributed to hospital units.
Treatment aspects : Pre/Post Operative Care & Pharmacological AspectsKHyati CHaudhari
This document discusses various aspects of pre-operative care for patients undergoing surgery. It covers obtaining informed consent, assessing patient health factors like nutrition and medications, and providing pre-operative education. Key areas of focus include getting consent, evaluating respiratory, cardiac, and immune function, reviewing medications, and addressing psychosocial concerns. The goal is to optimize patient health and prepare them physically and emotionally for surgery.
This document provides information on peri-operative nursing care for patients undergoing surgery. It discusses the goals and assessments of the pre-operative phase, including physiological, psychological, and informed consent assessments. Nursing interventions are outlined to prepare the patient for surgery, manage their care and needs, and provide education on the surgical process. The pre-operative phase aims to optimize the patient's health and reduce surgical risks through thorough evaluation and preparation.
The document describes what an operation theatre is and its key components and design considerations. It can be summarized as:
1) An operation theatre is a complex, sterile environment for safely conducting surgeries, integrating surgical and anesthetic equipment.
2) Proper location and design of zones (sterile, clean, protective, disposal) are important to maintain sterility. Design considerations include ventilation, lighting, medical gases, electricity, and fire safety measures.
3) Key areas of an operation theatre include the operating suite, scrub station, sterile preparation area, and requirements like air filtration, temperature/humidity control, and non-porous flooring/walls.
The document provides an overview of the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) in a hospital. It describes the CSSD's functions like receiving, cleaning, sterilizing and distributing medical supplies and equipment. It outlines the layout, staffing, equipment and processes used in different areas of the CSSD like receiving, cleaning, packing and sterilization. Quality assurance procedures like the use of indicators and records maintained are also summarized.
This document defines vulnerable patients as those unable to protect or care for themselves, and lists several categories of vulnerable patients including the elderly, children, disabled individuals, and patients undergoing medical procedures. It describes how nurses should assess and care for vulnerable patients, with an emphasis on safety. Key safety measures include identification bands, regular checks, grab bars, non-slip surfaces, adequate lighting, and ensuring vulnerable patients are not left unattended. The goal is to minimize risks for these patients like falls, injuries, neglect, and infections.
The document discusses key aspects of operating room design and procedures. It outlines considerations for traffic flow, ventilation, and emergency signals to ensure a safe surgical environment. Proper attire is also described, including head covers, masks, gowns and gloves to prevent infection and protect patients.
this is a very brief guide for medical students and interns who will be going in the o.t for the first time. this presentation includes almost all aspects of o.t.
Pre and post operative nursing management ksupelua1
This document outlines the phases of pre, intra, and postoperative nursing management. It discusses the key responsibilities in each phase, including patient education and preparation in the preoperative phase, ensuring patient safety and monitoring vital signs in the intraoperative phase, and assessing for complications while providing pain relief and encouraging activity in the postoperative phase. Potential complications are also summarized for both the intraoperative and postoperative periods.
Intra-operative care involves monitoring and caring for patients during surgery. It includes activities like monitoring vital signs, blood oxygen levels, providing fluids and medications, and assisting with the surgical procedure. The goals are to maintain patient safety, homeostasis, and sterile technique. Precautions must be taken due to the vulnerable state induced by anesthesia. Complications can occur from surgery, anesthesia, or positioning and must be quickly addressed by the healthcare team working together in the operating room.
The document outlines policies and procedures for Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders. It states that CPR will be administered to patients unless a DNR order is written by a physician. The physician must discuss the decision with the patient and family. If the patient cannot participate, the physician obtains opinions from interested parties about the patient's wishes. A DNR order is written on the patient's record and other measures are taken to communicate it to staff.
This document discusses hospital admission and discharge procedures. It covers the admission process including indications for admission, unit preparation, and admission procedures. It then discusses the purpose of admission, preliminary observations, and nurses' responsibilities during admission. The document also covers discharge planning, types of discharge, discharge procedures, and nurses' responsibilities during discharge. It provides examples of medico-legal cases and guidelines for admission, discharge, and transfer of medico-legal patients. Finally, it discusses terminal cleaning of patient units after discharge.
This document discusses several key legal issues in emergency medicine, including duty of care, consent, competence and capacity, privacy and confidentiality, refusal of treatment, and negligence. It emphasizes the importance of acting in the patient's best interests, obtaining valid consent, properly assessing decision-making capacity, and thorough documentation. Legal concepts are complex, so the focus should be on doing what a reasonable practitioner would do in any given situation.
The document discusses the history and evolution of perioperative nursing from the late 19th century to present day. It outlines key events like the introduction of the operating room team concept in 1894 and the establishment of the Association of Operating Room Nurses in 1949. The roles and responsibilities of perioperative nurses are described, including preparing patients for surgery, maintaining a sterile environment, and advocating for patient safety. Infection control practices and environmental sanitation protocols are also summarized.
This document discusses admission, discharge, and transfer procedures in a healthcare setting. It covers the admission process, responsibilities of admitting and nursing staff, types of admissions, discharge methods and planning, and nursing responsibilities for discharging and transferring patients. Standard procedures are outlined for admitting, orienting, and assessing new patients, as well as preparing patients for discharge or transfer.
The Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) performs cleaning, disinfection, sterilization and storage of reusable medical devices. It has four main areas: dirty/decontamination, clean/packaging, surgical linen packaging, and sterilized storage. Soiled devices are received for cleaning and disinfection. Cleaned devices are reassembled, packaged and sterilized. Sterile items are stored before distribution. The CSSD centralizes processing to ensure trained staff and quality control.
The document discusses the management and design considerations for an operation theatre (OT) suite in a hospital. It covers key aspects like location, number of operating rooms, zoning, equipment, lighting, ventilation, safety hazards, emergency equipment and patient protection protocols. The OT suite needs to be carefully planned and designed to minimize infection risks through segregated traffic flow and maintaining different cleanliness zones, from protective to sterile areas.
This document outlines guidelines for organizing intensive care units (ICUs) at different levels of a hospital. It discusses ICU levels I-III and their recommended features. Level I ICUs are for small hospitals and provide basic monitoring and short-term care. Level II ICUs have expanded capabilities and staff training. Level III ICUs provide the highest level of multisystem care and technology. The document also covers ICU unit design considerations, including patient area layout, noise levels, nursing stations, and necessary equipment and utilities. Staffing guidelines recommend intensivists to lead the team along with residents, nurses, respiratory therapists and other support staff tailored to the ICU's needs and capabilities.
This document discusses various hazards present in operating theatres. It defines hazards as dangers or risks and classifies operating theatre hazards into physical/accidental, chemical, biological, fire, and other hazards. For each category, specific hazards are identified and precautions are recommended. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing potential hazards through awareness, constant vigilance, and following standard operating procedures to ensure a safe operating theatre environment for patients and staff.
Safe transfer of unstable patient from hospital NABH ppt.pptxanjalatchi
Keep your body in a straight line, with a straight back and bent knees. Your head and chest should be up and straight. Keep your feet a little wider than your shoulder width. Keep the person's head, torso, and legs in line during the transfer.
The document provides an introduction to Central Sterile Supply Departments (CSSDs) in hospitals. It discusses the history and development of CSSDs, their aims and objectives, advantages, and key components including physical layout, functions, personnel, finances, preventive measures, equipment, and quality management. CSSDs are responsible for receiving, processing, storing, distributing, and controlling sterile and non-sterile medical supplies and equipment used in patient care. The modern CSSD concept was derived during World War II to help ensure a safe and efficient sterilization and distribution system.
The document provides an overview of the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) in a hospital. It discusses the mission, activities, definitions, aims, functions, advantages, planning, equipment, sterilization processes, storage, and role of the manager of the CSSD. The CSSD is responsible for cleaning, sterilizing, storing, and distributing sterile surgical instruments, supplies and linen in a timely, efficient and cost-effective manner to reduce infection rates and ensure quality patient care.
The Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) delivers sterile medical supplies and equipment to various hospital departments. It provides sterilized items, reduces infections, avoids duplicate equipment costs, and maintains sterilization records. The CSSD receives soiled items, washes and cleans them, assembles instrument sets, packages and labels the items, and sterilizes them using steam or ethylene oxide. The sterilized items are then stored and distributed to hospital units.
Treatment aspects : Pre/Post Operative Care & Pharmacological AspectsKHyati CHaudhari
This document discusses various aspects of pre-operative care for patients undergoing surgery. It covers obtaining informed consent, assessing patient health factors like nutrition and medications, and providing pre-operative education. Key areas of focus include getting consent, evaluating respiratory, cardiac, and immune function, reviewing medications, and addressing psychosocial concerns. The goal is to optimize patient health and prepare them physically and emotionally for surgery.
This document provides information on peri-operative nursing care for patients undergoing surgery. It discusses the goals and assessments of the pre-operative phase, including physiological, psychological, and informed consent assessments. Nursing interventions are outlined to prepare the patient for surgery, manage their care and needs, and provide education on the surgical process. The pre-operative phase aims to optimize the patient's health and reduce surgical risks through thorough evaluation and preparation.
The document discusses peri-operative nursing care. It defines the peri-operative period as including pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative phases, with the goal of providing better care for patients before, during, and after surgery. The document outlines the nursing assessments and goals in the pre-operative phase including physiological assessments, informed consent, diagnostic tests, and nursing diagnoses. It also discusses post-operative nursing care focusing on airway, breathing, circulation, and other factors.
6-Pre-operative care assessment and preparations-1 - Copy - Copy.pptxPituaIvaan1
The document outlines the principles and processes of pre-operative care, including assessing patient risk factors through history and examinations, preparing patients physically and psychologically for surgery, obtaining informed consent, and ensuring all necessary preparations and safety checks are completed prior to surgery through pre-operative ward rounds and checklists. The goal is to optimize patient health and safety as well as provide informed consent for the planned surgical procedure.
This document provides an overview of pre-operative and post-operative nursing care. It discusses the nurse's role in preparing patients for surgery through teaching, assessment, and intervention. Key aspects of pre-operative care include obtaining informed consent, assessing patient health factors, providing instructions, and managing nutrition. The goals are to optimize the patient's health and alleviate anxiety prior to surgery. Nursing interventions focus on education, assessment, communication and ensuring the patient's safety and comfort throughout the surgical experience.
2. preoperative nursing care.pdf medical surgical nursing 1akoeljames8543
This document outlines pre-operative and post-operative nursing care. It discusses admitting patients and preparing them for surgery through assessments, education, and risk mitigation. Key aspects of pre-operative care include obtaining consent, assessing medical history and risks, addressing comorbidities, fasting, and administering pre-medications. The goal is to ensure patients are healthy and prepared for surgery to reduce complications. Post-operative care involves pain management, respiratory exercises, mobility, and keeping family informed. The overall focus is on thorough assessment, planning and preparation to optimize patient outcomes.
The document discusses the importance of preoperative assessment and preparation of patients prior to surgery. Key aspects of assessment include taking a thorough medical history, conducting a physical examination, evaluating nutritional status, ordering relevant investigations, and determining surgical risk. Important elements of preparation are obtaining informed consent, preventing cardiovascular and respiratory complications, reducing risk of aspiration, preparing the bowels if needed, and ensuring adequate sleep, skin preparation, catheterization and pre-medication when applicable. The goals are to identify risk factors, optimize the patient's health status, and reduce postoperative complications.
pre and post operative care.adult healthDishaThakur53
This document discusses preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative nursing care. It defines perioperative nursing as delivering patient care before, during, and after surgery through assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation. The three phases of perioperative care are described. Key aspects of preoperative nursing include assessment, education, reducing anxiety, and preparation for surgery. Intraoperative nursing focuses on the surgical team roles. Postoperative care begins in recovery and continues until healing is complete.
The document discusses preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care for a patient undergoing surgery. In the preoperative stage, patients undergo assessments of their medical history and comorbidities, labs and tests are ordered to optimize the patient's health status, and the surgical plan is arranged. Intraoperatively, strict infection control protocols are followed and checklists are used to ensure safety. Postoperatively, patients are monitored, complications are prevented, and care is documented before discharge. The overall goal is to safely prepare the patient for surgery, perform the procedure, and provide care during recovery.
The document discusses perioperative nursing, which involves 3 phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care. It describes various types of surgeries based on factors like blood loss and urgency. The preoperative phase involves assessment, consent, and preparation of the patient. Preparation includes education, testing, restriction of food/fluids, and sometimes medications. The intraoperative phase focuses on the surgical procedure and roles of the surgical team.
This document discusses preoperative nursing care for surgical patients. It covers assessing patients' medical history and surgical risk factors, obtaining informed consent, providing preoperative education on postoperative expectations like pain management and breathing exercises, and establishing nursing diagnoses like anxiety, fear, and knowledge deficits. The goals are to optimize patients' health for surgery and reduce postoperative complications through assessment, teaching, and supportive nursing measures.
1. Pre-operative preparation begins at initial patient contact and aims to optimize patient outcomes through thorough assessment, medical optimization, risk evaluation, and informed consent.
2. A complete history, physical exam, and relevant lab/imaging investigations are used to evaluate any medical issues and surgical risks. Comorbidities like cardiovascular or respiratory diseases require specialized management.
3. High-risk patients undergo detailed optimization, including treating infections, stabilizing medications, and potentially admitting to critical care post-operatively. Proper pre-op skin/hair preparation, antibiotic prophylaxis timing, and elimination help reduce surgical site infections.
General Preoperative &Postoperative Care of Surgical PatientsOmarAlaidaroos3
1. Preoperative evaluation and preparation of surgical patients involves a thorough history, physical exam, appropriate diagnostic testing, counseling and informed consent obtaining, optimization of medical conditions, and NPO status prior to surgery.
2. Intraoperative care focuses on anesthetic management and monitoring while postoperative care aims to monitor for complications, manage pain and encourage early mobilization through actions like incentive spirometry.
3. Common complications assessed and managed in the postoperative period include respiratory issues like atelectasis and pneumonia, infections, thromboembolic events, and other surgery-specific complications.
The document discusses concepts related to surgery including:
- The different types and purposes of surgery such as diagnostic, curative, restorative, palliative, and cosmetic.
- Factors that increase surgical risk such as age, medications, medical conditions, and lifestyle factors.
- The preoperative assessment process including medical history, physical exam, lab tests, and identifying potential issues or risks.
- Common nursing diagnoses related to surgery and the importance of patient education to address areas of deficient knowledge and reduce anxiety.
1) Pre-operative evaluation and preparation is important to assess patient risk and optimize their health status prior to surgery. It involves diagnostic testing, assessing any medical conditions, and preparing the patient with things like diet, medication adjustments and consent.
2) Post-operative care begins during surgery and involves close monitoring in the recovery room and ICU if needed to watch for complications like bleeding, infection and instability in vital functions. Patients are monitored and treated according to individualized post-op orders tailored to their procedure and needs.
3) Careful pre-operative and post-operative management can help avoid unnecessary risks and complications for patients undergoing even elective surgical procedures.
1. The document discusses perioperative care and postoperative complications. It covers topics like preoperative evaluation and management of common medical conditions, intraoperative care, and postoperative care and complications.
2. Preoperative evaluation involves assessing the patient's history and risk factors, performing examinations, and optimizing any medical conditions to reduce surgical risk. Intraoperative care focuses on monitoring the patient, maintaining homeostasis, and using sterile techniques.
3. Common postoperative complications discussed include bleeding, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, wound infections, and respiratory issues like pneumonia. The goal of postoperative care is to provide a safe and comfortable recovery for the patient.
Preoperative preparation involves optimizing a patient's condition before surgery through assessment, investigation, and management of medical conditions. It is a multidisciplinary process involving surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, and other staff. Through history, examination, investigations, and treatment, the goals are to evaluate fitness for surgery, minimize risks, plan logistics, and obtain consent. Special considerations include managing medications, timing of fasting, and arranging the operating schedule. With thorough preparation, surgical risks and recovery times can be reduced.
The document discusses the importance of evaluating a patient's medical history and status prior to dental treatment in order to identify any medical conditions or medications that could impact treatment or pose health risks, and provides guidance on modifying treatment for various cardiovascular conditions like hypertension, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and angina pectoris.
This document discusses medical ethics and legal issues surrounding patient competence, informed consent, confidentiality, and advance directives. Key points include:
- Adults aged 18+ are legally competent to make healthcare decisions, while minors usually are not unless emancipated; competence can be evaluated by physicians.
- Informed consent from the patient or guardian is required for treatment, with components like risks, benefits and alternatives explained; it can be withdrawn.
- Confidentiality exceptions include risks of abuse, suicide or harm to others; physicians may warn victims of credible threats.
- Advance directives like living wills and durable powers of attorney allow patients to provide future healthcare instructions.
anatomy and physiology of the eye.pptxmahamed adam
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the eye. It describes the main parts of the eye including the outer fibrous tunic, middle vascular tunic, and inner nervous tunic. The key structures are identified, such as the cornea, iris, lens, retina, as well as the aqueous humor and vitreous humor. The process of light refraction and focusing on the retina to form an image is explained. Accommodation and pupillary reflexes are also summarized.
Postoperative complications can range from minor issues like fatigue to life-threatening problems like blood clots. The highest risk period is 1-3 days after surgery. Complications can be general, like fever or infection, or specific to the type of procedure. Common general issues include wound infections, blood clots, collapsed lungs, and kidney problems. Without treatment, some complications can lead to serious problems or even death. Close monitoring in the first few days after surgery can help address potential complications early.
This document provides information about burn injuries including:
1. Definitions of burn depth including first, second, and third degree burns. Common causes of burns are also listed.
2. The pathophysiology of burns is described affecting several body systems like hemodynamic changes, electrolyte imbalance, renal and pulmonary function, hematologic and GI systems, and decreasing immunity.
3. Burn severity is determined by depth, extent of total body surface area burned, age, and location of burns on the body. Common classifications of burns and methods to estimate burn extent are also summarized.
Gangrene is the death of soft tissue due to loss of blood supply. There are three main types: dry, wet, and gas gangrene. Dry gangrene develops slowly over years from conditions like atherosclerosis or diabetes that impair circulation. Wet gangrene occurs when an infected wound or bedsores cause blocked blood flow. Gas gangrene is a deadly form caused by Clostridium bacteria that produce toxins and gases. Risk factors include old age, diabetes, vascular diseases, injuries, and smoking. Signs may include pain, discoloration, foul discharge, and fever. Treatment involves wound cleaning, antibiotics, surgery like amputation or debridement, and hyperbaric oxygen for gas gangrene. Prevention focuses
This document provides information about stomas, including definitions and types. It discusses colostomies and ileostomies, which are artificial openings of the colon or ileum onto the abdominal surface, respectively. Characteristics and indications for stomas are outlined. The document describes preoperative management and nursing care before and after stoma surgery. Potential postoperative complications are listed. Information is provided about appliances and how to change a stoma bag.
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the normal flow of intestinal contents is interrupted. It can be caused by mechanical blockages inside or outside the intestine wall, or by paralysis of intestinal movement. Symptoms include abdominal pain, distention, vomiting, and constipation or diarrhea. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and lab work. Treatment depends on the cause but generally involves correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances, decompressing the bowel, and sometimes surgery to remove blockages or diseased parts of the intestine. Nursing care focuses on pain management, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, and ensuring proper lung ventilation.
1) Appendicitis is caused by obstruction of the appendix, usually by feces, leading to inflammation and swelling. Left untreated, it can rupture.
2) Symptoms include pain localized to the lower right abdomen, nausea, loss of appetite, and fever. Diagnosis is made through physical exam, blood tests, and imaging scans.
3) Treatment is surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy). Without surgery, the appendix can continue to swell and rupture, causing infection and potentially life-threatening complications.
1) The document discusses benign and malignant breast tumors. Benign tumors include fibrocystic changes, galactocele, and fibroadenoma. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women.
2) Risk factors for breast cancer include genetic, hormonal, environmental factors as well as increasing age. Clinical manifestations may include breast lumps, nipple discharge, and enlarged lymph nodes.
3) Diagnostic tests for breast cancer include mammography, biopsy and laboratory tests to detect metastasis. Treatment involves surgery such as lumpectomy or mastectomy followed by radiation, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy.
Wounds can be intentional from medical procedures or unintentional from accidents. There are four main types based on mechanism of injury: incised, contused, lacerated, and puncture wounds. Wound healing involves three phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation. The inflammatory phase begins healing and the proliferation phase involves new tissue growth. Eventually the maturation phase strengthens the scar tissue. Proper wound management includes cleaning, antibiotics, tetanus shots, and dressings. Abnormal healing can involve excessive scarring like keloids or poor healing with dehiscence. Many factors can influence the healing process.
Peptic ulcer disease occurs when acid and pepsin in the stomach and duodenum damage the protective mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in sores or ulcers. It is caused by an imbalance between acid secretion and mucosal defenses. Factors like smoking, alcohol, NSAIDs, and H. pylori infection can exacerbate peptic ulcers. Patients experience epigastric pain that may radiate to the back and is relieved by eating. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori with antibiotic therapy, reducing acid with PPIs or H2 blockers, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery for complications like bleeding or perforation.
The document discusses thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. It notes that most thyroid nodules are benign but some may be cancerous. The four main types of thyroid cancer are papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic. Diagnosis involves physical exam, thyroid tests, and fine needle aspiration. Treatment options depend on cancer type but usually involve surgery to remove the thyroid gland and sometimes radiotherapy.
This document provides information about the thyroid gland surgery (thyroidectomy). It discusses the anatomy and function of the thyroid gland. It also describes common disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, their signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. The document then focuses on the surgical procedure for thyroidectomy, including indications, preoperative and postoperative care, as well as potential complications like hemorrhage, laryngeal edema, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, and tetany.
This document provides an overview of surgical nursing for adult surgery. It defines surgery and describes different types of surgeries based on timing, purpose, procedure, invasiveness, equipment used, body part, and transplant status. Surgical terminology is explained, including procedures, techniques, and roles in the perioperative process. The duties of surgical nurses are outlined for pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative care. Surgical nurses can specialize and have roles as scrub nurses, who set up tools and assist during surgery, or circulating nurses, who oversee safety and supply needs during procedures.
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. In acute pancreatitis, digestive enzymes are abnormally activated within the pancreas, causing the pancreas to digest itself. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain. Complications can include organ failure. Treatment focuses on pain control, intravenous fluids, and treating any complications. Chronic pancreatitis results from long-term or repeated damage to the pancreas over many years, often due to alcohol abuse. This destroys pancreatic tissue and can lead to diabetes and malnutrition.
This document provides information about stomas, including definitions and types. It discusses colostomies and ileostomies, which are artificial openings of the colon or ileum onto the abdominal surface. Characteristics and indications for stomas are described. The document outlines preoperative management and nursing care before and after stoma surgery. Potential postoperative complications are listed. Information is provided about appliances and how to change a stoma bag.
1) Appendicitis is caused by obstruction of the appendix, usually by feces, leading to inflammation and swelling. Left untreated, it can rupture.
2) Symptoms include pain that starts around the navel and moves to the lower right abdomen, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and fever.
3) Diagnosis is made through physical exam, blood tests, ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment is surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy) to prevent rupture and further complications.
Postoperative nursing care involves monitoring a client's recovery from anesthesia in the PACU. Initial care focuses on airway, breathing, circulation, pain management and determining readiness for discharge. Risk factors for complications include immobility, anemia, hypothermia and underlying medical conditions. Ongoing assessments include respiratory, circulatory and wound site monitoring along with pain management.
This document provides instructions for performing a breast self-examination. It describes how to inspect the breasts for changes in skin or nipples. It instructs to raise the arms and feel for lumps using circular motions with the middle fingers. The entire breast and tail of breast tissue extending into the armpit should be examined. Women should perform monthly self-exams and see a doctor for yearly professional exams, which may include mammograms depending on age and risk factors. Any abnormal lumps or discharge found should be reported promptly to a healthcare provider.
The document discusses several anorectal conditions including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, anorectal abscesses, and anal fistulas. It describes the anatomy of the rectum and provides details on the causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment options for each condition. Conservative and surgical treatments are covered. The role of the nurse in assessing patients, providing comfort measures, educating on prevention, and monitoring postoperative recovery is also outlined.
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the Brucella genus. It is transmitted to humans primarily through consumption of infected, unpasteurized dairy products or contact with infected animals. Symptoms can include fever, sweats, headaches, and joint pain. Diagnosis is made through serological tests or culture. Treatment involves prolonged courses of antibiotic combinations like doxycycline and rifampin. Complications can affect the bones, heart, liver, and nervous system if left untreated. Prevention focuses on pasteurizing dairy and vaccinating livestock.
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2. Overview
● Preoperative care takes place from the time a
client is scheduled for surgery until care is
transferred to the operating suite.
● Assessment of risk factors is one of the major
aspects of preoperative care. Preoperative care
includes a thorough assessment of the client’s
physical, emotional, and psychosocial status
prior to surgery.
3. Risk Factors
● Surgery
• Infection (risk of sepsis)
• Anemia (malnutrition, oxygenation, healing impact)
• Hypovolemia from dehydration or blood loss (circulatory
compromise)
• Electrolyte imbalance through inadequate diet or disease
process (dysrhythmias)
• Age (older adults are at greater risk because of decreased
liver and kidney function due to age, and the use of
multiple prescribed medications)
• Pregnancy (fetal risk with anesthesia)
• Respiratory disease (COPD, pneumonia, asthma)
5. cont
- Coagulation defect (increased risk of bleeding)
- Malnutrition (delayed healing)
- Obesity (pulmonary complications due to
hypoventilation, impact on anesthesia, elimination, and
wound healing)
-Certain medications (antihypertensives, anticoagulants,
NSAIDs, tricyclic antidepressants, herbal
medications, over-the-counter medications)
- Substance use (tobacco, alcohol)
- Family history (malignant hyperthermia)
6. cont
- Allergies (latex, anesthetic agents)
- Cancer of the oral cavity
- Inability to cope, lack of support system
- Disease processes involving multiple body
systems
7. cont
Older adult clients:
■ Are at a greater risk of adverse reactions to
preoperative medications.
■ Have less physiologic reserve than younger
clients, which may cause decreased immune
system response and decreased wound healing.
■ Reduction of muscle mass and the amount of
body water places the older adult client at risk
for dehydration.
8. cont
■ Can have sensory limitations (poor eyesight, hearing
loss), so the nurse must be alert to
maintaining a safe environment.
■ Can have oral alterations (dentures, bridges, loose
teeth) that pose problems during intubation.
■ Perspire less, which leads to dry, itchy skin that
becomes fragile and easily abraded. Precautions
need to be taken when moving and positioning these
clients.
■ Have decreased subcutaneous fat, which makes them
more susceptible to temperature changes.
9. Diagnostic Procedures
● Urinalysis – ruling out of
infection
● Blood type and cross match
– transfusion readiness
● CBC – infection/immune
status
● Hgb and Hct – fluid status,
anemia
● Pregnancy test – fetal risk of
anesthesia
● Clotting studies (PT, INR,
aPTT, platelet count)
● Electrolyte levels –
electrolyte imbalances
● Serum creatinine and BUN
– renal status
● ABGs – oxygenation status
● Chest x-ray – heart and
lung status
● 12-lead ECG – baseline
heart rhythm, dysrhythmias,
history of cardiac disease,
performed on all clients
older than 40 years
10. Preoperative Assessment
● Preoperative nursing assessments
- Detailed history (including medical history, medication
use, substance use, psychosocial history,
and cultural considerations)
- Allergies to medications, latex related to a sensitivity to
bananas and other fruits, betadine related to an allergen
to shellfish, propofol related to an allergy to eggs or
soybean oil.
- Anxiety level regarding the procedure, support systems,
and coping mechanisms.
■ Older adult clients may be more fearful due to financial
concerns and lack of social support.
11. cont
- Allergies to medications, betadine related to an
allergen to shellfish, propofol related to an allergy to
eggs or soybean oil.
- Anxiety level regarding the procedure, support
systems, and coping mechanisms.
■ Older adult clients may be more fearful due to
financial concerns and lack of social support.
- Laboratory results
- Head-to-toe assessment, vital signs, and oxygen
saturations to obtain baseline data.
12. Nursing Actions
● Informed consent
- Once surgery has been discussed as treatment with the
client and significant other, family member, or
friend, it is the responsibility of the primary care provider to
obtain consent after discussing the risks and
benefits of the procedure. The nurse is not to obtain the
consent for the provider in any circumstance.
- The nurse can clarify any information that remains unclear
after the provider’s explanation of the procedure. The nurse
may not provide any new or additional information not
previously given by
the provider.
13. cont
- The nurse’s role is to witness the client’s signing of the
consent form after the client acknowledges
understanding of the procedure.
- The nurse should determine if the client is:
■ 18 years of age.
■ Mentally capable of understanding the risks, reason, and
options for surgery and anesthesia.
■ Under the influence of medication that affects decision-
making or judgment (opioids, benzodiazepines, sedatives). Do
not have the client sign the informed consent if medications
have been administered.
14. cont
- A legal guardian may need to sign the surgical
consent form if the client is not capable of
providing consent or if there is no family.
- Two witnesses are required if the client is able to
only sign with an “X”, blind, deaf, or English is a
second language.
- nformed consent is required for surgical
procedures, invasive procedures (biopsy,
paracentesis, scopes),
and any procedure requiring sedation or
anesthesia, or involving radiation.
15. Responsibilities for Informed Consent
Provider:
Obtains
informed
consent
›› To obtain informed consent, the provider
must give the client:
-A complete description of the
treatment/procedure.
-A description of the professionals who will be
performing and participating in the treatment
-Information on the risks of anesthesia.
-A description of the potential harm, pain,
and/or discomfort that may occur.
-Options for other treatments.
-he right to refuse treatment.
16. cont
Client:
Gives
informed
consent
›› To give informed consent, the client
must:
- Give it voluntarily (no coercion
involved).
- Receive enough information to make a
decision based on an understanding of
what is expected.
- Be competent and of legal age or be
an emancipated minor. When the client
is unable to provide consent, another
authorized person must give consent.
17. cont
Nurse:
Witnesses
informed
consent
›› To witness informed consent, the nurse must:
- Ensure that the provider gave the client
the necessary information.
- Ensure that the client understood the
information and is competent to give
informed consent.
- Notify the provider if the client has more
questions or appears to not understand any
of the information provided. (The provider
is then responsible for giving clarification.)
- Have the client sign the informed
consent document.
- The nurse documents questions the client
has and notifies the provider. The nurse also
documents any additional reinforcement
of teaching.
- Provide a trained medical interpreter (not a
family member or friend) and record the use
of an interpreter in the client’s medical record.
18. Preoperative teaching
• Postoperative pain control techniques
(medications, immobilization, patient-controlled
analgesia pumps, splinting)
- Demonstration and importance of splinting,
coughing, and deep breathing
- Demonstration and importance of range-of-
motion exercises and early ambulation for
prevention of thrombi and respiratory
complications
- Purpose of antiembolism stockings to prevent
deep-vein thrombosis
19. cont
• Invasive devices (drains, catheters, IV lines)
• Postoperative diet
• Use of the incentive spirometer
20. cont
- Preoperative instructions (avoid cigarette smoking for 24 hr
preoperatively, medications to hold, bowel preparation)
■ Clients who are taking acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) should stop taking
it for 1 week before an elective surgery to decrease the risk of
bleeding.
■ Clients who take herbal medications (e.g. ginseng) should stop taking
them 2 to 3 weeks before surgery to prevent hemorrhage or adverse
affects to the anesthetic.
■ Medications for cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, seizures,
and diabetes mellitus, certain antihypertensive medications, and eye
drops for glaucoma may be taken prior to surgery or a procedure.
■ Teach the client how to use a pain scale to rate pain level
postoperative.
21. Preoperative nursing actions
◯ Verify that the informed consent is accurately completed,
signed, and witnessed.
◯ Administer enemas and/or laxatives the night before and/or
the morning of the surgery for clients undergoing bowel surgery.
◯ Regularly check the client’s scheduled medication
prescriptions. Some medications (antihypertensives,
anticoagulants, antidepressants) may be held until after the
procedure.
◯ Ensure that the client remains NPO for at least 6 hr for solid
foods and 2 hr for clear liquids before surgery with general
anesthesia, and 3 to 4 hr with local anesthesia to avoid
aspiration. Note on the chart the last time the client ate or
drank.
22. cont
- Perform skin preparation, which may include
cleansing with antimicrobial soap. If absolutely
necessary, use electric clippers or chemical
depilatories to remove hair in areas that will be
involved in the surgery.
- Ensure that jewelry, dentures, prosthetics,
makeup, nail polish, and glasses are removed.
These items can either be given to the family or
stored safely.
- Cover the client with lightweight cotton blanket
heated in a warmer to prevent hypothermia.
23. cont
- Establish IV access using a large-bore (18-gauge) catheter for
easier infusing of IV fluids or blood products.
- Administer preoperative medications (prophylactic
antimicrobials, antiemetics, sedatives) as prescribed.
■ Prophylactic antibiotics are administered 1 hr prior to
surgical incision.
■ If the client previously took a beta-blocker, administer a
beta-blocker prior to surgery to prevent a cardiac event and
mortality.
■ Have the client void prior to administration.
■ Monitor the client’s response to the medications.
■ Raise side rails following administration to prevent injury.
24. cont
- Ensure that the preoperative checklist is
complete.
- Confirm and verify the correct surgical site with
the client and all health care team members
before clearly marking the surgical site.
25. Complications
● Complications during the postoperative period
usually are related to the medications given
preoperatively. These medications and their
possible complications are as follows:
27. cont
● For clients encountering severe anxiety and panic,
reassurance will be necessary and sedation medications
may be given.
Nonpharmacological interventions, such as distraction,
imagery, and music therapy, can be initiated.
● Ensure that measures are taken to prevent deep-vein
thromboembolism postoperative by continuing
anticoagulation therapy and/or antiembolism stockings,
pneumatic compression device, and range-of-motion
exercises.
● Be alert for any allergic reactions the client has to
medications.