Modeling time series is often associated with the process forecasts certain characteristics in the next period. One of the methods forecasts that developed nowadays is using artificial neural network or more popularly known as a neural network. Use neural network in forecasts time series can be a good solution, but the problem is network architecture and the training method in the right direction. One of the choices that might be using a genetic algorithm. A genetic algorithm is a search algorithm stochastic resonance based on how it works by the mechanisms of natural selection and genetic variation that aims to find a solution to a problem. This algorithm can be used as teaching methods in train models are sent back propagation neural network. The application genetic algorithm and neural network for divination time series aim to get the weight optimum. From the training and testing on the data index share price euro 50 obtained by the RMSE testing 27.8744 and 39.2852 RMSE training. The weight or parameters that produced by has reached an optimum level in second-generation 1000 with the best fitness and the average 0.027771 the fitness of 0.0027847.Model is good to be used to give a prediction that is quite accurate information that is shown by the close target with the output.
Predicting and Optimizing the End Price of an Online Auction using Genetic-Fu...Pratheeban Rajendran
Predicting and Optimizing the End Price of an Online Auction using Genetic-Fuzzy Approach. This an artificial intelligence methodology to predict and forecast the online auction price to optimal bidding strategy.
MOVIE SUCCESS PREDICTION AND PERFORMANCE COMPARISON USING VARIOUS STATISTICAL...ijaia
Movies are among the most prominent contributors to the global entertainment industry today, and they
are among the biggest revenue-generating industries from a commercial standpoint. It's vital to divide
films into two categories: successful and unsuccessful. To categorize the movies in this research, a variety
of models were utilized, including regression models such as Simple Linear, Multiple Linear, and Logistic
Regression, clustering techniques such as SVM and K-Means, Time Series Analysis, and an Artificial
Neural Network. The models stated above were compared on a variety of factors, including their accuracy
on the training and validation datasets as well as the testing dataset, the availability of new movie
characteristics, and a variety of other statistical metrics. During the course of this study, it was discovered
that certain characteristics have a greater impact on the likelihood of a film's success than others. For
example, the existence of the genre action may have a significant impact on the forecasts, although another
genre, such as sport, may not. The testing dataset for the models and classifiers has been taken from the
IMDb website for the year 2020. The Artificial Neural Network, with an accuracy of 86 percent, is the best
performing model of all the models discussed.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID FORECASTING MODEL IN STOCK MARKET FORECASTINGIJMIT JOURNAL
This paper presents performance analysis of hybrid model comprise of concordance and Genetic
Programming (GP) to forecast financial market with some existing models. This scheme can be used for in
depth analysis of stock market. Different measures of concordances such as Kendall’s Tau, Gini’s Mean
Difference, Spearman’s Rho, and weak interpretation of concordance are used to search for the pattern in
past that look similar to present. Genetic Programming is then used to match the past trend to present
trend as close as possible. Then Genetic Program estimates what will happen next based on what had
happened next. The concept is validated using financial time series data (S&P 500 and NASDAQ indices)
as sample data sets. The forecasted result is then compared with standard ARIMA model and other model
to analyse its performance
The Optimization of choosing Investment in the capital markets using artifici...inventionjournals
Optimization is one of crucial items in behavioural sciences. These daystheuse of Meta heuristic has grown considerably in all fields. In this study, we will look for optimization of selection in a portfolio of investment opportunities. We’ve been looking for a selection logic using a meta-heuristic algorithm Called artificial neural networks. The results showed that using artificial neural network algorithm had an optimization in decision-making and selection of investment opportunities. The research is applied one considering the purpose and is looking for developing knowledge in a particular field.
DEEP-LEARNING-BASED HUMAN INTENTION PREDICTION WITH DATA AUGMENTATIONijaia
Data augmentation has been broadly applied in training deep-learning models to increase the diversity of
data. This study ingestigates the effectiveness of different data augmentation methods for deep-learningbased human intention prediction when only limited training data is available. A human participant pitches
a ball to nine potential targets in our experiment. We expect to predict which target the participant pitches
the ball to. Firstly, the effectiveness of 10 data augmentation groups is evaluated on a single-participant
data set using RGB images. Secondly, the best data augmentation method (i.e., random cropping) on the
single-participant data set is further evaluated on a multi-participant data set to assess its generalization
ability. Finally, the effectiveness of random cropping on fusion data of RGB images and optical flow is
evaluated on both single- and multi-participant data sets. Experiment results show that: 1) Data
augmentation methods that crop or deform images can improve the prediction performance; 2) Random
cropping can be generalized to the multi-participant data set (prediction accuracy is improved from 50%
to 57.4%); and 3) Random cropping with fusion data of RGB images and optical flow can further improve
the prediction accuracy from 57.4% to 63.9% on the multi-participant data set.
DATA AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES AND TRANSFER LEARNING APPROACHES APPLIED TO FACI...ijaia
The face expression is the first thing we pay attention to when we want to understand a person’s state of
mind. Thus, the ability to recognize facial expressions in an automatic way is a very interesting research
field. In this paper, because the small size of available training datasets, we propose a novel data
augmentation technique that improves the performances in the recognition task. We apply geometrical
transformations and build from scratch GAN models able to generate new synthetic images for each
emotion type. Thus, on the augmented datasets we fine tune pretrained convolutional neural networks with
different architectures. To measure the generalization ability of the models, we apply extra-database
protocol approach, namely we train models on the augmented versions of training dataset and test them on
two different databases. The combination of these techniques allows to reach average accuracy values of
the order of 85% for the InceptionResNetV2 model.
Predicting and Optimizing the End Price of an Online Auction using Genetic-Fu...Pratheeban Rajendran
Predicting and Optimizing the End Price of an Online Auction using Genetic-Fuzzy Approach. This an artificial intelligence methodology to predict and forecast the online auction price to optimal bidding strategy.
MOVIE SUCCESS PREDICTION AND PERFORMANCE COMPARISON USING VARIOUS STATISTICAL...ijaia
Movies are among the most prominent contributors to the global entertainment industry today, and they
are among the biggest revenue-generating industries from a commercial standpoint. It's vital to divide
films into two categories: successful and unsuccessful. To categorize the movies in this research, a variety
of models were utilized, including regression models such as Simple Linear, Multiple Linear, and Logistic
Regression, clustering techniques such as SVM and K-Means, Time Series Analysis, and an Artificial
Neural Network. The models stated above were compared on a variety of factors, including their accuracy
on the training and validation datasets as well as the testing dataset, the availability of new movie
characteristics, and a variety of other statistical metrics. During the course of this study, it was discovered
that certain characteristics have a greater impact on the likelihood of a film's success than others. For
example, the existence of the genre action may have a significant impact on the forecasts, although another
genre, such as sport, may not. The testing dataset for the models and classifiers has been taken from the
IMDb website for the year 2020. The Artificial Neural Network, with an accuracy of 86 percent, is the best
performing model of all the models discussed.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID FORECASTING MODEL IN STOCK MARKET FORECASTINGIJMIT JOURNAL
This paper presents performance analysis of hybrid model comprise of concordance and Genetic
Programming (GP) to forecast financial market with some existing models. This scheme can be used for in
depth analysis of stock market. Different measures of concordances such as Kendall’s Tau, Gini’s Mean
Difference, Spearman’s Rho, and weak interpretation of concordance are used to search for the pattern in
past that look similar to present. Genetic Programming is then used to match the past trend to present
trend as close as possible. Then Genetic Program estimates what will happen next based on what had
happened next. The concept is validated using financial time series data (S&P 500 and NASDAQ indices)
as sample data sets. The forecasted result is then compared with standard ARIMA model and other model
to analyse its performance
The Optimization of choosing Investment in the capital markets using artifici...inventionjournals
Optimization is one of crucial items in behavioural sciences. These daystheuse of Meta heuristic has grown considerably in all fields. In this study, we will look for optimization of selection in a portfolio of investment opportunities. We’ve been looking for a selection logic using a meta-heuristic algorithm Called artificial neural networks. The results showed that using artificial neural network algorithm had an optimization in decision-making and selection of investment opportunities. The research is applied one considering the purpose and is looking for developing knowledge in a particular field.
DEEP-LEARNING-BASED HUMAN INTENTION PREDICTION WITH DATA AUGMENTATIONijaia
Data augmentation has been broadly applied in training deep-learning models to increase the diversity of
data. This study ingestigates the effectiveness of different data augmentation methods for deep-learningbased human intention prediction when only limited training data is available. A human participant pitches
a ball to nine potential targets in our experiment. We expect to predict which target the participant pitches
the ball to. Firstly, the effectiveness of 10 data augmentation groups is evaluated on a single-participant
data set using RGB images. Secondly, the best data augmentation method (i.e., random cropping) on the
single-participant data set is further evaluated on a multi-participant data set to assess its generalization
ability. Finally, the effectiveness of random cropping on fusion data of RGB images and optical flow is
evaluated on both single- and multi-participant data sets. Experiment results show that: 1) Data
augmentation methods that crop or deform images can improve the prediction performance; 2) Random
cropping can be generalized to the multi-participant data set (prediction accuracy is improved from 50%
to 57.4%); and 3) Random cropping with fusion data of RGB images and optical flow can further improve
the prediction accuracy from 57.4% to 63.9% on the multi-participant data set.
DATA AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES AND TRANSFER LEARNING APPROACHES APPLIED TO FACI...ijaia
The face expression is the first thing we pay attention to when we want to understand a person’s state of
mind. Thus, the ability to recognize facial expressions in an automatic way is a very interesting research
field. In this paper, because the small size of available training datasets, we propose a novel data
augmentation technique that improves the performances in the recognition task. We apply geometrical
transformations and build from scratch GAN models able to generate new synthetic images for each
emotion type. Thus, on the augmented datasets we fine tune pretrained convolutional neural networks with
different architectures. To measure the generalization ability of the models, we apply extra-database
protocol approach, namely we train models on the augmented versions of training dataset and test them on
two different databases. The combination of these techniques allows to reach average accuracy values of
the order of 85% for the InceptionResNetV2 model.
When deep learners change their mind learning dynamics for active learningDevansh16
Abstract:
Active learning aims to select samples to be annotated that yield the largest performance improvement for the learning algorithm. Many methods approach this problem by measuring the informativeness of samples and do this based on the certainty of the network predictions for samples. However, it is well-known that neural networks are overly confident about their prediction and are therefore an untrustworthy source to assess sample informativeness. In this paper, we propose a new informativeness-based active learning method. Our measure is derived from the learning dynamics of a neural network. More precisely we track the label assignment of the unlabeled data pool during the training of the algorithm. We capture the learning dynamics with a metric called label-dispersion, which is low when the network consistently assigns the same label to the sample during the training of the network and high when the assigned label changes frequently. We show that label-dispersion is a promising predictor of the uncertainty of the network, and show on two benchmark datasets that an active learning algorithm based on label-dispersion obtains excellent results.
Survey: Biological Inspired Computing in the Network SecurityEswar Publications
Traditional computing techniques and systems consider a main process device or main server, and technique details generally
serially. They're non-robust and non-adaptive, and have limited quantity. Indifference, scientific technique details in a very similar and allocated manner, while not a main management. They're exceedingly strong, elastic, and ascendible. This paper offers a short conclusion of however the ideas from biology are will never to style new processing techniques and techniques that even have a number of the beneficial qualities of scientific techniques. Additionally, some illustrations are a device given of however these techniques will be used in details security programs.
REVIEWING PROCESS MINING APPLICATIONS AND TECHNIQUES IN EDUCATIONijaia
Process Mining (PM) emerged from business process management but has recently been applied to
educational data and has been found to facilitate the understanding of the educational process.
Educational Process Mining (EPM) bridges the gap between process analysis and data analysis, based on
the techniques of model discovery, conformance checking and extension of existing process models. We
present a systematic review of the recent and current status of research in the EPM domain, focusing on
application domains, techniques, tools and models, to highlight the use of EPM in comprehending and
improving educational processes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
MITIGATION TECHNIQUES TO OVERCOME DATA HARM IN MODEL BUILDING FOR MLijaia
Given the impact of Machine Learning (ML) on individuals and the society, understanding how harm might
be occur throughout the ML life cycle becomes critical more than ever. By offering a framework to
determine distinct potential sources of downstream harm in ML pipeline, the paper demonstrates the
importance of choices throughout distinct phases of data collection, development, and deployment that
extend far beyond just model training. Relevant mitigation techniques are also suggested for being used
instead of merely relying on generic notions of what counts as fairness.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
AN EFFICIENT PSO BASED ENSEMBLE CLASSIFICATION MODEL ON HIGH DIMENSIONAL DATA...ijsc
As the size of the biomedical databases are growing day by day, finding an essential features in the disease prediction have become more complex due to high dimensionality and sparsity problems. Also, due to the
availability of a large number of micro-array datasets in the biomedical repositories, it is difficult to analyze, predict and interpret the feature information using the traditional feature selection based classification models. Most of the traditional feature selection based classification algorithms have computational issues such as dimension reduction, uncertainty and class imbalance on microarray datasets. Ensemble classifier is one of the scalable models for extreme learning machine due to its high efficiency, the fast processing speed for real-time applications. The main objective of the feature selection
based ensemble learning models is to classify the high dimensional data with high computational efficiency
and high true positive rate on high dimensional datasets. In this proposed model an optimized Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based Ensemble classification model was developed on high dimensional microarray
datasets. Experimental results proved that the proposed model has high computational efficiency compared to the traditional feature selection based classification models in terms of accuracy , true positive rate and error rate are concerned.
Artificial Intelligence in Robot Path Planningiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
ROLE OF CERTAINTY FACTOR IN GENERATING ROUGH-FUZZY RULEIJCSEA Journal
The generation of effective feature-based rules is essential to the development of any intelligent system. This paper presents an approach that integrates a powerful fuzzy rule generation algorithm with a rough set-assisted feature reduction method to generate diagnostic rule with a certainty factor. Certainty factor of each rule is calculated by considering both the membership value of each linguistic term introduced at time of fuzzyfication of data as well as possibility values, due to inconsistent data, generated by rough set theory at time of rule generation. In time of knowledge inferencing in an intelligent system, certainty factor of each rule will play an important role to find out the appropriate rule to be selected. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our approach.
Effect of Data Size on Feature Set Using Classification in Health Domaindbpublications
In health domain, the major critical issue is prediction of disease in early stage. Prediction of disease is mainly based on the experience of physician so many machine learning approach contribute their work in the prediction of disease. In existing approaches, either prediction or feature selection has been concentrated. The aim of this paper is to present the effect of data size and set of features in the prediction of disease in health domain using Naïve Bayes. This shows how each attribute or combination of attribute behaves on different size of dataset.
Family Relationship Identification by Using Extract Feature of Gray Level Co-...IJECEIAES
This study aims to find out the relations correspondence by using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) feature on parents and children finger print. The analysis is conducted by using the finger print of parents and family in one family There are 30 families used as sample with 3 finger print consists of mothers, fathers, and children finger print. Fingerprints data were taken by fingerprint digital persona u are u 4500 SDK. Data analysis is conducted by finding the correlation value between parents and children fingerprint by using correlation coefficient that gained from extract feature GLCM, both for similar family and different family. The study shows that the use of GLCM Extract Feature, normality data, and Correlation Coefficient could identify the correspondence relations between parents and children fingerprint on similar and different family. GLCM with four features (correlation, homogeneity, energy and contrast) are used to give good result. The four sides (0 o , 45 o , 90 o and 135 o ) are used. It shows that side 0 o gives the higher accurate identification compared to other sides.
Comparative Analysis: Effective Information Retrieval Using Different Learnin...RSIS International
Information Retrieval is the activity of searching meaningful information from a collection of information resources such as Documents, relational databases and the World Wide Web. Information retrieval system mainly consists of two phases, storing indexed documents and retrieval of relevant result. Retrieving information effectively from huge data storage, it requires Machine Learning for computer systems. Machine learning has objective to instruct computers to use data or past experience to solve a given problem. Machine learning has number of applications, including classifier to be trained on email messages to learn in order to distinguish between spam and non-spam messages, systems that analyze past sales data to predict customer buying behavior, fraud detection etc. Machine learning can be applied as association analysis through supervised learning, unsupervised learning and Reinforcement Learning. The goal of these three learning is to provide an effective way of information retrieval from data warehouse to avoid problems such as ambiguity. This study will compare the effectiveness and impuissance of these learning approaches.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE GENETIC ALGORITHMS OPTIMIZATION AND PARTICLE SWARM OPT...IAEME Publication
Close range photogrammetry network design is referred to the process of placing a set of
cameras in order to achieve photogrammetric tasks. The main objective of this paper is tried to find
the best location of two/three camera stations. The genetic algorithm optimization and Particle
Swarm Optimization are developed to determine the optimal camera stations for computing the three
dimensional coordinates. In this research, a mathematical model representing the genetic algorithm
optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization for the close range photogrammetry network is
developed. This paper gives also the sequence of the field operations and computational steps for this
task. A test field is included to reinforce the theoretical aspects.
For three decades, many mathematical programming methods have been developed to solve optimization problems. However, until now, there has not been a single totally efficient and robust method to coverall optimization problems that arise in the different engineering fields.Most engineering application design problems involve the choice of design variable values that better describe the behaviour of a system.At the same time, those results should cover the requirements and specifications imposed by the norms for that system. This last condition leads to predicting what the entrance parameter values should be whose design results comply with the norms and also present good performance, which describes the inverse problem.Generally, in design problems the variables are discreet from the mathematical point of view. However, most mathematical optimization applications are focused and developed for continuous variables. Presently, there are many research articles about optimization methods; the typical ones are based on calculus,numerical methods, and random methods.
The calculus-based methods have been intensely studied and are subdivided in two main classes: 1) the direct search methods find a local maximum moving a function over the relative local gradient directions and 2) the indirect methods usually find the local ends solving a set of non-linear equations, resultant of equating the gradient from the object function to zero, i.e., by means of multidimensional generalization of the notion of the function’s extreme points from elementary calculus given smooth function without restrictions to find a possible maximum which is to be restricted to those points whose slope is zero in all directions. The real world has many discontinuities and noisy spaces, which is why it is not surprising that the methods depending upon the restrictive requirements of continuity and existence of a derivative, are unsuitable for all, but a very limited problem domain. A number of schemes have been applied in many forms and sizes. The idea is quite direct inside a finite search space or a discrete infinite search space, where the algorithms can locate the object function values in each space point one at a time. The simplicity of this kind of algorithm is very attractive when the numbers of possibilities are very small. Nevertheless, these outlines are often inefficient, since they do not complete the requirements of robustness in big or highly-dimensional spaces, making it quite a hard task to find the optimal values. Given the shortcomings of the calculus-based techniques and the numerical ones the random methods have increased their popularity.
When deep learners change their mind learning dynamics for active learningDevansh16
Abstract:
Active learning aims to select samples to be annotated that yield the largest performance improvement for the learning algorithm. Many methods approach this problem by measuring the informativeness of samples and do this based on the certainty of the network predictions for samples. However, it is well-known that neural networks are overly confident about their prediction and are therefore an untrustworthy source to assess sample informativeness. In this paper, we propose a new informativeness-based active learning method. Our measure is derived from the learning dynamics of a neural network. More precisely we track the label assignment of the unlabeled data pool during the training of the algorithm. We capture the learning dynamics with a metric called label-dispersion, which is low when the network consistently assigns the same label to the sample during the training of the network and high when the assigned label changes frequently. We show that label-dispersion is a promising predictor of the uncertainty of the network, and show on two benchmark datasets that an active learning algorithm based on label-dispersion obtains excellent results.
Survey: Biological Inspired Computing in the Network SecurityEswar Publications
Traditional computing techniques and systems consider a main process device or main server, and technique details generally
serially. They're non-robust and non-adaptive, and have limited quantity. Indifference, scientific technique details in a very similar and allocated manner, while not a main management. They're exceedingly strong, elastic, and ascendible. This paper offers a short conclusion of however the ideas from biology are will never to style new processing techniques and techniques that even have a number of the beneficial qualities of scientific techniques. Additionally, some illustrations are a device given of however these techniques will be used in details security programs.
REVIEWING PROCESS MINING APPLICATIONS AND TECHNIQUES IN EDUCATIONijaia
Process Mining (PM) emerged from business process management but has recently been applied to
educational data and has been found to facilitate the understanding of the educational process.
Educational Process Mining (EPM) bridges the gap between process analysis and data analysis, based on
the techniques of model discovery, conformance checking and extension of existing process models. We
present a systematic review of the recent and current status of research in the EPM domain, focusing on
application domains, techniques, tools and models, to highlight the use of EPM in comprehending and
improving educational processes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
MITIGATION TECHNIQUES TO OVERCOME DATA HARM IN MODEL BUILDING FOR MLijaia
Given the impact of Machine Learning (ML) on individuals and the society, understanding how harm might
be occur throughout the ML life cycle becomes critical more than ever. By offering a framework to
determine distinct potential sources of downstream harm in ML pipeline, the paper demonstrates the
importance of choices throughout distinct phases of data collection, development, and deployment that
extend far beyond just model training. Relevant mitigation techniques are also suggested for being used
instead of merely relying on generic notions of what counts as fairness.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
AN EFFICIENT PSO BASED ENSEMBLE CLASSIFICATION MODEL ON HIGH DIMENSIONAL DATA...ijsc
As the size of the biomedical databases are growing day by day, finding an essential features in the disease prediction have become more complex due to high dimensionality and sparsity problems. Also, due to the
availability of a large number of micro-array datasets in the biomedical repositories, it is difficult to analyze, predict and interpret the feature information using the traditional feature selection based classification models. Most of the traditional feature selection based classification algorithms have computational issues such as dimension reduction, uncertainty and class imbalance on microarray datasets. Ensemble classifier is one of the scalable models for extreme learning machine due to its high efficiency, the fast processing speed for real-time applications. The main objective of the feature selection
based ensemble learning models is to classify the high dimensional data with high computational efficiency
and high true positive rate on high dimensional datasets. In this proposed model an optimized Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based Ensemble classification model was developed on high dimensional microarray
datasets. Experimental results proved that the proposed model has high computational efficiency compared to the traditional feature selection based classification models in terms of accuracy , true positive rate and error rate are concerned.
Artificial Intelligence in Robot Path Planningiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
ROLE OF CERTAINTY FACTOR IN GENERATING ROUGH-FUZZY RULEIJCSEA Journal
The generation of effective feature-based rules is essential to the development of any intelligent system. This paper presents an approach that integrates a powerful fuzzy rule generation algorithm with a rough set-assisted feature reduction method to generate diagnostic rule with a certainty factor. Certainty factor of each rule is calculated by considering both the membership value of each linguistic term introduced at time of fuzzyfication of data as well as possibility values, due to inconsistent data, generated by rough set theory at time of rule generation. In time of knowledge inferencing in an intelligent system, certainty factor of each rule will play an important role to find out the appropriate rule to be selected. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our approach.
Effect of Data Size on Feature Set Using Classification in Health Domaindbpublications
In health domain, the major critical issue is prediction of disease in early stage. Prediction of disease is mainly based on the experience of physician so many machine learning approach contribute their work in the prediction of disease. In existing approaches, either prediction or feature selection has been concentrated. The aim of this paper is to present the effect of data size and set of features in the prediction of disease in health domain using Naïve Bayes. This shows how each attribute or combination of attribute behaves on different size of dataset.
Family Relationship Identification by Using Extract Feature of Gray Level Co-...IJECEIAES
This study aims to find out the relations correspondence by using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) feature on parents and children finger print. The analysis is conducted by using the finger print of parents and family in one family There are 30 families used as sample with 3 finger print consists of mothers, fathers, and children finger print. Fingerprints data were taken by fingerprint digital persona u are u 4500 SDK. Data analysis is conducted by finding the correlation value between parents and children fingerprint by using correlation coefficient that gained from extract feature GLCM, both for similar family and different family. The study shows that the use of GLCM Extract Feature, normality data, and Correlation Coefficient could identify the correspondence relations between parents and children fingerprint on similar and different family. GLCM with four features (correlation, homogeneity, energy and contrast) are used to give good result. The four sides (0 o , 45 o , 90 o and 135 o ) are used. It shows that side 0 o gives the higher accurate identification compared to other sides.
Comparative Analysis: Effective Information Retrieval Using Different Learnin...RSIS International
Information Retrieval is the activity of searching meaningful information from a collection of information resources such as Documents, relational databases and the World Wide Web. Information retrieval system mainly consists of two phases, storing indexed documents and retrieval of relevant result. Retrieving information effectively from huge data storage, it requires Machine Learning for computer systems. Machine learning has objective to instruct computers to use data or past experience to solve a given problem. Machine learning has number of applications, including classifier to be trained on email messages to learn in order to distinguish between spam and non-spam messages, systems that analyze past sales data to predict customer buying behavior, fraud detection etc. Machine learning can be applied as association analysis through supervised learning, unsupervised learning and Reinforcement Learning. The goal of these three learning is to provide an effective way of information retrieval from data warehouse to avoid problems such as ambiguity. This study will compare the effectiveness and impuissance of these learning approaches.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE GENETIC ALGORITHMS OPTIMIZATION AND PARTICLE SWARM OPT...IAEME Publication
Close range photogrammetry network design is referred to the process of placing a set of
cameras in order to achieve photogrammetric tasks. The main objective of this paper is tried to find
the best location of two/three camera stations. The genetic algorithm optimization and Particle
Swarm Optimization are developed to determine the optimal camera stations for computing the three
dimensional coordinates. In this research, a mathematical model representing the genetic algorithm
optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization for the close range photogrammetry network is
developed. This paper gives also the sequence of the field operations and computational steps for this
task. A test field is included to reinforce the theoretical aspects.
For three decades, many mathematical programming methods have been developed to solve optimization problems. However, until now, there has not been a single totally efficient and robust method to coverall optimization problems that arise in the different engineering fields.Most engineering application design problems involve the choice of design variable values that better describe the behaviour of a system.At the same time, those results should cover the requirements and specifications imposed by the norms for that system. This last condition leads to predicting what the entrance parameter values should be whose design results comply with the norms and also present good performance, which describes the inverse problem.Generally, in design problems the variables are discreet from the mathematical point of view. However, most mathematical optimization applications are focused and developed for continuous variables. Presently, there are many research articles about optimization methods; the typical ones are based on calculus,numerical methods, and random methods.
The calculus-based methods have been intensely studied and are subdivided in two main classes: 1) the direct search methods find a local maximum moving a function over the relative local gradient directions and 2) the indirect methods usually find the local ends solving a set of non-linear equations, resultant of equating the gradient from the object function to zero, i.e., by means of multidimensional generalization of the notion of the function’s extreme points from elementary calculus given smooth function without restrictions to find a possible maximum which is to be restricted to those points whose slope is zero in all directions. The real world has many discontinuities and noisy spaces, which is why it is not surprising that the methods depending upon the restrictive requirements of continuity and existence of a derivative, are unsuitable for all, but a very limited problem domain. A number of schemes have been applied in many forms and sizes. The idea is quite direct inside a finite search space or a discrete infinite search space, where the algorithms can locate the object function values in each space point one at a time. The simplicity of this kind of algorithm is very attractive when the numbers of possibilities are very small. Nevertheless, these outlines are often inefficient, since they do not complete the requirements of robustness in big or highly-dimensional spaces, making it quite a hard task to find the optimal values. Given the shortcomings of the calculus-based techniques and the numerical ones the random methods have increased their popularity.
Survey on evolutionary computation tech techniques and its application in dif...ijitjournal
In computer science, 'evolutionary computation' is an algorithmic tool based on evolution. It implements
random variation, reproduction and selection by altering and moving data within a computer. It helps in
building, applying and studying algorithms based on the Darwinian principles of natural selection. In this
paper, studies about different evolutionary computation techniques used in some applications specifically
image processing, cloud computing and grid computing is carried out briefly. This work is an effort to help
researchers from different fields to have knowledge on the techniques of evolutionary computation
applicable in the above mentioned areas.
The potential role of ai in the minimisation and mitigation of project delayPieter Rautenbach
Artificial intelligence (AI) can have wide reaching application within the construction
industry, however, the actual application of this set of technologies is currently under exploited. This
paper considers the role that the application of AI can take in optimising the efficiencies of project
execution and how this can potentially reduce project duration and minimise and mitigate delay on
projects.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
This paper presents a set of methods that uses a genetic algorithm for automatic test-data generation in
software testing. For several years researchers have proposed several methods for generating test data
which had different drawbacks. In this paper, we have presented various Genetic Algorithm (GA) based test
methods which will be having different parameters to automate the structural-oriented test data generation
on the basis of internal program structure. The factors discovered are used in evaluating the fitness
function of Genetic algorithm for selecting the best possible Test method. These methods take the test
populations as an input and then evaluate the test cases for that program. This integration will help in
improving the overall performance of genetic algorithm in search space exploration and exploitation fields
with better convergence rate.
GA is a search technique that depends on the natural selection and genetics principles and which determines a optimal solution for even a hard issue.genetic algorithm crossover and genetic algorithm for optimization
A Binary Bat Inspired Algorithm for the Classification of Breast Cancer Data ijscai
Advancement in information and technology has made a major impact on medical science where the
researchers come up with new ideas for improving the classification rate of various diseases. Breast cancer
is one such disease killing large number of people around the world. Diagnosing the disease at its earliest
instance makes a huge impact on its treatment. The authors propose a Binary Bat Algorithm (BBA) based
Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) hybrid model, where the advantages of BBA and efficiency of FNN is
exploited for the classification of three benchmark breast cancer datasets into malignant and benign cases.
Here BBA is used to generate a V-shaped hyperbolic tangent function for training the network and a fitness
function is used for error minimization. FNNBBA based classification produces 92.61% accuracy for
training data and 89.95% for testing
Join us for an enlightening session on AI/ML by Jeevanshi Sharma, an MS graduate from the University of Alberta with accolades from Outreachy'22 and MITACS GRI'21. Delve into cutting-edge advancements, applications, and ethical considerations. Learn basic steps to start your ML journey and explore industry applications, advancements, and associated careers.
The Statutory Interpretation of Renewable Energy Based on Syllogism of Britis...AI Publications
The current production for energy consumption generates harmful impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment causing instability to sustainable development goals. The constitutional reforms of British Government serve to be an important means of resolving any encountered incompatibilities to political environment. This study aims to evaluate green economy using developed equation for renewable energy towards political polarization of corporate governance. The Kano Model Assessment is used to measure the equivalency of 1970 Patents Act to UK Intellectual Property tabulating the criteria for the fulfillment of sustainable development goals in respect to the environment, artificial intelligence, and dynamic dichotomy of administrative agencies and presidential restriction, as statutory interpretation development to renewable energy. The constitutional forms of British government satisfy the sustainable development goals needed to fight climate change, advocate healthy ecosystem, promote leadership of magnates, and delegate responsibilities towards green economy. The presidential partisanship must be observed to delineate parties of concerns and execute the government prescriptions in equivalence to the dichotomous relationship of technology and the environment in fulfilling the rights and privileges of all citizens. Hence, the political elites can execute corporate governance towards sustainable development of renewable energy promoting environmental parks and zero emission target of carbon dioxide discharges. The economic theory developed in statutory interpretation for renewable energy serves as a tool to reduce detrimental impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment, mitigate climate change, and produce artefacts of bioenergy and artificial intelligence promoting sustainable development. It is suggested to explore other vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence to prosper economic success.
Enhancement of Aqueous Solubility of Piroxicam Using Solvent Deposition SystemAI Publications
Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is characterized by low solubility-high permeability. The present study was designed to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam at the physiological pH's through its increased solubility by using solvent deposition system.
Analysis of Value Chain of Cow Milk: The Case of Itang Special Woreda, Gambel...AI Publications
Ethiopia has a long and rich history of dairy farming, which was mostly carried out by small and marginal farmers who raised cattle, camels, goats, and sheep, among other species, for milk. Finding the Itang Special Woreda cow milk value chain is the study's main goal. In order to gather primary data, 204 smallholder dairy farmer households were randomly selected, and the market concentration ratio was calculated using 20 traders. Descriptive statistics, econometric models, and rank analysis were used to achieve the above specified goals. Out of all the participants in the milk value chain, producers, cafés, hotels, and dairy cooperatives had the largest gross marketing margins, accounting for 100% of the consumer price in channels I and II, 55% in channels III and V, and 25.5% in channels V. The number of children under five, the number of milking cows owned, the amount of money from non-dairy sources, the frequency of extension service contacts, the amount of milk produced each day, and the availability of market information were found to have an impact on smallholders' involvement in the milk market. Numerous obstacles also limited the amount of milk produced and marketed. The poll claims that general health issues, sickness, predators, and a lack of veterinary care are plaguing farmers. In order to address the issue of milk perishability, the researchers recommended the host community and organization to construct an agro milk processor, renovate the dairy cooperative in the study region, and restructure the current conventional marketing to lower the transaction and cost of milk marketing.
Minds and Machines: Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Investment Decisions ...AI Publications
In the evolving landscape of financial decision-making, this study delves into the intricate relationships among Emotional Intelligence (EI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Investment Decisions (ID). By scrutinizing the direct influence of human emotional intelligence on investment choices and elucidating the mediating role of AI in this process, our research seeks to unravel the complex interplay between minds and machines. Through empirical analysis, we reveal that EI not only directly impacts ID but also exerts its influence indirectly through AI-mediated pathways. The findings underscore the pivotal role of emotional awareness in investor decision-making, augmented by the technological capabilities of AI. It suggests that most investors are influenced by the identified emotional intelligence when making investment decisions. Furthermore, AI substantially impacts investors' decision-making process when it comes to investing; nevertheless, AI partially mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and investment decisions. This nuanced understanding provides valuable insights for financial practitioners, policymakers, and researchers, emphasizing the need for holistic strategies that integrate emotional and technological dimensions in navigating the intricacies of modern investment landscapes. As the synergy between human intuition and artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integral to financial decision-making, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the symbiotic relationship between minds and machines in investments.0
Bronchopulmonary cancers are common cancers with a poor prognosis. It is the leading cause of death by cancer in Algeria and in the world. Behind this unfavorable prognosis hides numerous disparities according to age, sex, and exposure to risk factors, ranking 4th among incident cancers and developing countries including Algeria, all sexes combined. It ranks 2nd cancers in men and 3rd among women. Whatever the age observed, the incidence of this cancer is higher in men than in women, however the gap is narrowing to the detriment of the latter. The results of scientific research agree to relate trends in incidence and mortality rates to tobacco consumption, including passive smoking. Furthermore, other risk factors are mentioned such as exposure to asbestos in the workplace or to radon for the general population, or even genetic predisposition. However, the weight of these etiological and/or predisposing factors is in no way comparable to that of tobacco in the genesis of lung cancer and the resulting mortality. We provide a literature review in our article on the descriptive and analytical epidemiology of lung cancer.
Further analysis on Organic agriculture and organic farming in case of Thaila...AI Publications
The objective of this paper is to present Further analysis on Organic agriculture and organic farming in case of Thailand agriculture and enhancing farmer productivity. In view of the demand for organic fertilizers, efforts should also be made to enhance and to develop more effective of compost, bio-fertilizer, and bio-pesticides currently used by farmers. Likewise, emphasis should also be laid on the cultivation of legumes and other crops that can enhance the fertility of the soil, as practiced by farmers in many developing countries to fertilize their lands. On the other hand, most of the farmers who practice this farm system found that they are adopting a number of SLMs and interested in joining the meeting or training to gain more and more knowledge.
Current Changes in the Role of Agriculture and Agri-Farming Structures in Tha...AI Publications
The objective os this study is to present Current Changes in the Role of Agriculture and Agri-Farming Structures in Thailand and Vietnam with SLM practices. Farmer’s adoption and investment in SLM is a key for controlling land degradation, enhancing the well-being of society, and ensuring the optimal use of land resources for the benefit of present and future generations (World Bank, 2006; FAO, 2018). And agriculture remains an essential element of lives of many farmers in term of the strong cultural and symbolic values that attach current working generation to do and to spend time for it but not intern of income generating.
Growth, Yield and Economic Advantage of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in R...AI Publications
Haphazard and low soil fertility, low yielding verities and poor agronomic practices are among the major factors constraining onion production in the central rift valley of Ethiopia. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in East Showa Zone of Adami Tulu Jido Combolcha district in central rift valley areas at ziway from October 2021 to April 2022 to identify appropriate rate of NPSB fertilizer and planting pattern of onion varieties. The experiment was laid out in split plot design of factorial arrangement in three replications. The main effect of NPSB blended fertilizer rates and varieties (red coach and red king) significantly (p<0.01) influenced plant height, leaf length, leaf diameter, leaf number and fresh leaf weight, shoot dry matter per plant, and harvest index. Total dry biomass, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average fresh bulb weight, bulb dry matter, marketable bulb yield, and total bulb yield were significantly (p<0.01) influenced only by the main effect of NPSB blended fertilizer rates. In addition, unmarketable bulb yield was statistically significantly affected (p≥0.05) by the blended fertilizer rates and planting pattern. Moreover, days to 90% maturity of onion was affected by the main factor of NPSB fertilizer rate, variety and planting pattern. The non-fertilized plants in the control treatment were inferior in all parameters except unmarketable bulb yield and harvest index. Significantly higher marketable bulb yield (41 t ha-1) and total bulb yield (41.33 t ha-1) was recorded from 300 kg ha-1 NPSB blended fertilizer rate applied. Double row planting method and hybrid red coach onion variety had also gave higher growth and yields. The study revealed that the highest net benefit of Birr, 878,894 with lest cost of Birr 148,006 by the combinations of 150 kg blended NPSB ha-1 with double row planting method (40cm*20cm*7cm) and red coach variety which can be recommendable for higher marketable bulb yield and economic return of hybrid onion for small scale farmers in the study area. Also, for resource full producers (investors), highest net benefit of Birr 1,205,372 with higher cost (159,628 Birr) by application of 300 kg NPSB ha-1 is recommended as a second option. However, the research should be replicated both in season and areas to more verify the recommendations.
Evaluation of In-vitro neuroprotective effect of Ethanolic extract of Canariu...AI Publications
The ethanolic extract of canarium solomonense leaves (ecsl) was studied for its neuroprotective activity. The neuroprotective activity of ECSL was found to have a significant impact on neuronal cell death triggered by hydrogen peroxide (MTT assay) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, is frequently used to induce cognitive impairment in laboratory animals. Injections of scopolamine influence multiple cognitive functions, including motor function, short-term memory, and attention. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was evaluated. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, ECSL was found to have a substantial effect on the memory of scopolamine- induced amnesic rats. Our experimental data indicated that ECSL can reverse scopolamine induced amnesia and assist with memory issues.
The goal of neuroprotection is to shield neurons against damage, whether that damage is caused by environmental factors, pathogens, or neurodegenerative illnesses. Inhibiting protein-based deposit buildup, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, as well as rectifying abnormalities of neurotransmitters like dopamine and acetylcholine, are some of the ways in which medicinal herbs have neuroprotective effects [1-3]. This review will focus on the ways in which medicinal herbs may protect neurons.
A phytochemical and pharmacological review on canarium solomonenseAI Publications
The genus Canarium L. consists of 75 species of aromatic trees which are found in the rainforests of tropical Asia, Africa and the Pacific. The medicinal uses, botany, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities are now reviewed. Various compounds are tabulated according to their classes their structures are given. Traditionally canarium solomonense have been used to treat a broad array of illnesses. Pharmacological actions for canarium solomonense as discussed in this review include antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antitumor activity.
Influences of Digital Marketing in the Buying Decisions of College Students i...AI Publications
This research investigates the influence of digital marketing channels on purchasing decisions among college students in Ramanathapuram District. The study highlights that social media marketing, online advertising, and mobile marketing exhibit substantial positive effects on purchase decisions. However, email marketing's impact appears to be more complex. Moreover, the study explores how demographic variables like gender and academic level shape these effects. Notably, freshman students display varying susceptibility to specific digital marketing messages compared to their junior, senior, or graduate counterparts. These findings offer crucial insights for marketers aiming to tailor their strategies effectively to the preferences and behaviors of college students. By understanding the differential impacts of various digital marketing channels and considering demographic nuances, marketers can refine their approaches, optimize engagement, and ultimately enhance the effectiveness of their campaigns in targeting this demographic.
A Study on Performance of the Karnataka State Cooperative Agriculture & Rural...AI Publications
The Karnataka State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank Limited is the apex bank of all the primary co-operative agriculture and rural development banks in the state. All the PCARD Banks in the state are affiliated to it. The KSCARD Bank provides financial accommodation to the PCARD Banks for their lending operations. In order to quick sanction and disbursement of loans and supervision over the PCARD Banks the KSCARD Bank has opened district level branches. Bank has established Women Development Cell to promote entrepreneurship among women in 2005. The Bank is identifying women borrowers in the rural areas by assigning suitable projects to motivate their self-confidence to lead independent life. Progress made in financing women entrepreneurs women.
Breast hamartoma is a rare, well-circumscribed, benign lesion made up of a variable quantity of glandular, adipose and fibrous tissue. This is a lesion that can affect women at any age from puberty. With the increasingly frequent use of imaging methods such as mammography and ultrasound as well as breast biopsy, cases of hamartoma diagnosed are increasing. The diagnosis of these lesions is made by mammography. The histological and radiological aspects are variable and depend on its adipose tissue content. The identification of these lesions is important in order to avoid surgical excisions. We report radio-clinical and pathological records of breast hamartoma.
A retrospective study on ovarian cancer with a median follow-up of 36 months ...AI Publications
Ovarian cancer is relatively common but serious and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to highlight the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this malignant pathology managed at the Bejaia university hospital center. This is a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of 3 years (2019 - 2022) carried out on 20 patients who developed ovarian cancer. The average age of the patients was 50 years old, 53.23% of whom were over 45 years old. The CA-125 blood test was positive in 18 out of 20 patients. The tumors were discovered on ultrasound in 87.10% of cases and at laparotomy in 12.90%. Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was the most performed procedure (64.52%). The early postoperative course was simple. 15 patients underwent second look surgery (16.13%) for locoregional recurrences. Epithelial tumors were the most frequent histological type (93.55%), including 79% in the advanced stage ( IIIc -IV) and 21% in the early stage (Ia- Ib ). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 80% of patients. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 2 patients were lost to follow-up. The evolution was favorable in 27.42% and in 25.81% deaths occurred late postoperatively. Ovarian cancer is not common but serious given the advanced stages and the high rate of late postoperative deaths which were largely observed in patients deprived of adequate neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.
More analysis on environment protection and sustainable agriculture - A case ...AI Publications
This study presents a case of tea and coffee crops , esp. environment protection and sustainable agriculture in Son La and Thai Nguyen of Vietnam. Research results show us that The process of having an agricultural product goes through many steps such as planting, planning, harvesting, packing, transporting, storing and distributing. - The State adopts policies to encourage innovation of agricultural production models and methods towards sustainability, adapting to climate change, saving water, and limiting the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. chemicals and products for environmental treatment in agriculture; develop environmentally friendly agricultural models. Our research limitation is that we can expand for other crops, industries and markets as well.
Assessment of Growth and Yield Performance of Twelve Different Rice Varieties...AI Publications
The present investigation entitled “Assessment of growth and yield performance of twelve different rice varieties under north Konkan coastal zone of Maharashtra” was carried out during the kharif season of the year 2021 and 2022 on the field of ASPEE, Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, At Nare, Taluka Wada, District Palghar, Maharashtra, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The twelve varieties namely Zini, Jaya, Dandi, Rahghudya, Govindbhog, Dangi, Gurjari, VNR-7, VNR-8, VNR-9, Karjat-3, and Karjat-5 were replicated thrice. The plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of panicles (m²), and length of panicle (cm) were noted to the maximum with cv. “VNR-7”. The highest number of seeds per panicle, test weight (gm), grain yield (q/ha), and straw yield (q/ha) were recorded with the cv. “VNR-7”. While the lowest number of days to 50% flowering was also recorded with cv. “VNR-7” during the year 2021 and 2022.
Cultivating Proactive Cybersecurity Culture among IT Professional to Combat E...AI Publications
In the current digital landscape, cybercriminals continually evolve their techniques to execute successful attacks on businesses, thus posing a great challenge to information technology (IT) professionals. While traditional cybersecurity approaches like layered defense and reactive security have helped IT professionals cope with traditional threats, they are ineffective in dealing with evolving cyberattacks. This paper focuses on the need for a proactive cybersecurity culture among IT professionals to enable them combat evolving threats. The paper emphasis that building a proactive security approach and culture can help among IT professionals anticipate, identify, and mitigate latent threats prior to them exploiting existing vulnerabilities. This paper also points out that as IT professionals use reactive security when dealing with traditional attacks, they can use it collaboratively with proactive security to effectively protect their networks, data, and systems and avoid heavy costs of dealing with cyberattack’s aftermaths and business recovery.
The Impacts of Viral Hepatitis on Liver Enzymes and BilrubinAI Publications
Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Several different viruses cause hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. The hepatitis A and E viruses typically cause acute infections. The hepatitis B, C, and D viruses can cause acute and chronic infections. Hepatitis A causes only acute infection and typically gets better without treatment after a few weeks. The hepatitis A virus spreads through contact with an infected person’s stool. Protection by getting the hepatitis A vaccine. Hepatitis E is typically an acute infection that gets better without treatment after several weeks. Some types of hepatitis E virus are spread by drinking water contaminated by an infected person’s stool. Other types are spread by eating undercooked pork or wild game. Hepatitis B can cause acute or chronic infection. Recommendation for screening for hepatitis B in pregnant women or in those with a high chance of being infected. Protection from hepatitis B by getting the hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis C can cause acute or chronic infection. Doctors usually recommend one-time screening of all adults ages 18 to 79 for hepatitis C. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent liver damage. The hepatitis D virus is unusual because it can only infect those who have a hepatitis B virus infection. A coinfection occurs when both hepatitis D and hepatitis B infections at the same time. A superinfection occurs already have chronic hepatitis B and then become infected with hepatitis D. The aim of this study is to find the effect of each type of viral hepatitis on the bilirubin (TB , DSB) , and liver enzymes; AST, ALT, ALP,GGT among viral hepatitis patients. 200 patients were selected from the viral hepatitis units in the central public health laboratory in Baghdad city, all the chosen cases were confirmed as a positive samples , they are classified into four equal group each with fifty individual and with a single serological viral hepatitis type either; anti-HAV( IgM ) , HBs Ag , anti-HCV ,or anti-HEV(IgM ). All patients were tested for; serum bilirubin ( TB ,D.SB ) , AST , ALT , ALP , GGT. Another fifty quite healthy and normal person was selected as a control group for comparison. . Liver enzymes and bilirubin changes are more pronounced in HAV, HEV than HCV and HBVAST and ALT lack some sensitivity in detecting HCV ,HBV and mild elevations of ALT or AST in asymptomatic patients can be evaluated efficiently by considering ,hepatitis B, hepatitis C. ALT is generally a more sensitive indicator of acute liver cell damage than AST, It is relatively specific for hepatocyte necrosis with a marked elevations in viral hepatitis. Liver enzymes and bilirubin changes are more pronounced in HAV, HEV than HCV and HBV.AST and ALT lack some sensitivity in detecting HCV ,HBV and mild elevations of ALT or AST in asymptomatic patients can be evaluated efficiently by considering ,hepatitis B, hepatitis C. ALT is generally a more sensitive indicator of acute liver
Determinants of Women Empowerment in Bishoftu Town; Oromia Regional State of ...AI Publications
The purpose of this study was to determine the status of women's empowerment and its determinants using women's asset endowment and decision-making potential as indicators. To determine representative sample size, this study used a two-stage sampling technique, and 122 sample respondents were selected at random. To analyze the data in this study, descriptive statistics and a probit model were used. The average women's empowerment index was 0.41, indicating a relatively lower status of women's empowerment in the study area. According to the study's findings, only 40.9% of women were empowered, while the remaining 59.1% were not. The probit model results show that women's access to the media, women's income, and their husbands' education status have a significant and positive impact on the status of women's empowerment, while the family size of households has a negative impact. As a result, it is important to enhance women's access to the media and income, promote family planning and contraception, and improve men's educational status in order to improve the status of women's empowerment.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Prediction of Euro 50 Using Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA)
1. International journal of Engineering, Business and Management (IJEBM) [Vol-1, Issue-1, May-Jun, 2017]
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Prediction of Euro 50 Using Back Propagation
Neural Network (BPNN) and Genetic Algorithm
(GA)
Rezzy Eko Caraka1,2
1
School of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, The National University of Malaysia
2
Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University
Abstract— Modeling time series is often associated with the
process forecasts certain characteristics in the next period.
One of the methods forecasts that developed nowadays is
using artificial neural network or more popularly known as
a neural network. Use neural network in forecasts time
series can be a good solution, but the problem is network
architecture and the training method in the right direction.
One of the choices that might be using a genetic algorithm.
A genetic algorithm is a search algorithm stochastic
resonance based on how it works by the mechanisms of
natural selection and genetic variation that aims to find a
solution to a problem. This algorithm can be used as
teaching methods in train models are sent back propagation
neural network. The application genetic algorithm and
neural network for divination time series aim to get the
weight optimum. From the training and testing on the data
index share price euro 50 obtained by the RMSE testing
27.8744 and 39.2852 RMSE training. The weight or
parameters that produced by has reached an optimum level
in second-generation 1000 with the best fitness and the
average 0.027771 the fitness of 0.0027847.Model is good to
be used to give a prediction that is quite accurate
information that is shown by the close target with the
output.
Keywords— Genetic Algorithm, Back Propagation Neural
Network, Euro 50, Prediction, Neural Network.
I. INTRODUCTION
Business activities and the economy, and the prediction to a
more accurate next is needed. In the field of economy share
price trading day-to-day, both in the form fluctuation gains
as well as experienced and to share price that fluctuates
allow the corporate investors in the advantages and
disadvantages suffered modeling time series is often
associated with the inaccurate forecasting certain
characteristics in the next period. Divination is suspected or
bets that a state in the future based on the past condition and
now that is needed to determine when an incident will
happen, so that appropriate action can be done
That were faced by the buyback inaccurate to data it is data
that has changed with. This was in the case data financial
and financial fluctuations have a very large and did not
remain. In addition, the method conventional forecasts that
are used in doing forecasts, the method inaccurate using
Neural Network model (NN) can be used as an alternative in
divination. NN are able to identify the pattern of a data input
by using the method of learning to be trained to learn more
about the pattern data the past and try to look for a function
that connects the pattern data the past to the exodus was
wanted at this time. Forecasts as a mean to resolve the
problems economy very important especially in predicting
these things that happened in the future so that the
application in NN forecast economic data, of course, is very
helpful in solving economic problems.
Use NN in forecasts time series can be a solution that good,
but the problem is network architecture and the presidential
election training method in the right direction. One of the
choices that might is to use a Genetic algorithm (GA). GA
is suitable to solve the problem combinatorial that require
time computing for a long time. Scientists have two
different perspectives about AI. The first believes that AI as
part of that only a focus on the process to think. While the
second believes that AI as knowledge that focuses on their
way in demand. This point to two see AI wider because of
an appearance must be preceded by a process to think. That
is the most suitable AI Definition for the moment is acting
rationally with the approach rational agent. This was based
on a thought that computer can make a logical reasoning
and can also do the action in a rational reasoning based on
the result was. A major impediment to scientific progress in
many fields is the inability to make sense of the huge
amounts of data that have been collected via experiment or
computer simulation. In the fields of statistics and machine
learning there have been major efforts to develop automatic
methods for finding significant and interesting patterns in
complex data, and for forecasting the future from such data.
In general, however, the success of such efforts has been
limited, and the automatic analysis of complex data analysis
and prediction can often be formulated as search problems.
2. International journal of Engineering, Business and Management (IJEBM) [Vol-1, Issue-1, May-Jun, 2017]
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II. GENETIC ALGORITHM
a. Definitions Genetic Algorithm
A genetic algorithm has been for the most part techniques
applied by computer scientist and engineers to solve
practical problems. Genetic algorithm (GA) is a variant of
stochastic beam search in which successor states are
generated by combining two parent states rather than by
modifying a single state. Genetic algorithm (GA) is a search
algorithm that based on natural selection mechanism and
genetic engineering. A genetic algorithm is one of the
algorithms that was very appropriate used to resolve the
optimization complex that it is difficult to be done by the
methods conventional. GA was first introduced by John
Holland at the end of 1975. Every problem which has the
shape of adaptation (natural or artificial) can be formulated
into the genetic terminology. According to Suyanto (2005)
benefits use GA is very obvious from the convenience of
implementation and its ability to find a solution that good
and can be accepted for the problems dimensions. GA is
very useful and efficient to problems with the characteristics
as follows:
1. The problem is very big, complex and difficult to
understand.
2. Less or no knowledge of the adequate to represent a
problem in the search for them that is narrower.
3. Unavailability mathematical analysis that is not
adequate.
4. The conventional method is not able to solve the
problem faced by.
5. Do not expect a most optimal solution, but enough to
approach.
6. There is limitations time, for example, in the real-time
system or system real-time.
GA has many applied for the various problem-solving
Optimization, among another programming Automatically,
the Model, Economic Model Immunization System, the
Model Ecological and Machine Learning is designing a
neural network to make the process of symbolic production
systems. Genetic algorithm (GA) works out of a population
which is a solution association that produced by randomly.
Each member of the association that represents a solution is
named individuals or chromosomes. A chromosome gene,
which contains a number coding information that will be
stored in chromosomes. A chromosome breed through
various repeatedly and each iteration that the so-called
generation. In each generation, chromosome chromosomes
that produced will be evaluated using a measurement called
fitness. To produce a new generation will be done screening
based on the fitness to determine chromosomes parents
which will produce chromosomes that were formed by
combining two chromosomes parents who were chosen to
use an operator from marrying a crossroads (crossover) and
modify a chromosome use an operator mutations. After
going through several generations, this algorithm will
convergence to chromosomes best.
b. Coding Scheme
The procedure is a number of individuals to raise randomly
or through certain procedures as the population. Population
Size depends on the problems that will be broken and types
of the genetic operator that will be implemented. After
population size is determined steps to initialize chromosome
that was found in the population. The chromosomes will be
done at random, but it must remain based solutions and
domain Bad problems Coding is a technique for states
beginning population as a candidate for solutions to a
problem to a chromosome as a key issue when using the
Genetic algorithm. These genes that are initialized in the
genetic algorithm is the first estimates that contained the
information in the form the code. A single gene represents a
parameter that will be estimated value is so that a function
optimally. Suyanto (2005) stated that there is three scheme
which is most commonly used in coding,
Property 1: Real-number encoding. In this scheme, the
gene is located at a specified interval [0.R].
𝑥 = 𝑟𝑏 + (𝑟𝑎 − 𝑟𝑏)𝑔
(1)
Property 2: Discrete decimal encoding. In this scheme,
the gene is could be high one of the numbers in the interval
[0, 9).
𝑥 = 𝑟𝑏 + (𝑟𝑎 −
𝑟𝑏)(𝑔1 × 10−1
+ 𝑔2 × 10−2
+ ⋯ + 𝑔 𝑛 × 10−𝑛
)
(2)
Property 3: Binary encoding. In this scheme, the gene
is located 0 or 1
𝑥 = 𝑟𝑏 +
(𝑟𝑎 − 𝑟𝑏)(𝑔1 × 2−1
+ 𝑔2 × 2−2
+ ⋯ + 𝑔 𝑛 × 2−𝑛
)
(3)
Assumption 1: System (2 and 3) out of interval
Discrete decimal encoding formula
𝑥 = 𝑟𝑏 + (
(𝑟 𝑎−𝑟 𝑏)
∑ 10−𝑖𝑛
𝑖=1
) (𝑔1 ×
10−1
+ 𝑔2 × 10−2
+ ⋯ + 𝑔 𝑛 × 10−𝑛
) (4)
Binary encoding
𝑥 = 𝑟𝑏 + (
(𝑟 𝑎−𝑟 𝑏)
∑ 2−𝑖𝑛
𝑖=1
) (𝑔1 × 2−1
+ 𝑔2 × 2−2
+ ⋯ + 𝑔 𝑛 × 2−𝑛
)
(5)
c. Linear Fitness Ranking (LFR)
For a function, h who have small variance, all of the
individuals will have more value fitness that is almost the
same. This resulted in the selection process that bad choice
parents on a proportionate basis according to the fitness. So,
it was required a mechanism called Linear Fitness
Ranks (LFR). This mechanism aimed to scaling
values fitness. Fitness centers are given highest individual
high-value fitness ( 𝑁 number of individuals in the
3. International journal of Engineering, Business and Management (IJEBM) [Vol-1, Issue-1, May-Jun, 2017]
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population). Individual high- fitness second highest level
will be given the fitness 𝑁 − 1 and so on individual high-
low fitness was given the fitness 1. For example 𝑅(𝑖) states
ranked individuals to-, 𝑖𝑅(𝑖) = 1 if 𝑖 is individual high-
fitness and highest level 𝑅(𝑖) = 𝑁 if 𝑖 is individual high-
low fitness, then the value fitness is new is:
𝑓(𝑖) = (𝑁 + 1 − 𝑅(𝑖))
(6)
The fitness on the common usage (6) can be very
evolution will reach optimum locally because of the little
difference between the values fitness centers in all of the
individuals in the population. The tendency to convergence
in local optimum can be reduced by using equation:
𝑓(𝑖) = 𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 − (𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑛) (
𝑅(𝑖)−1
𝑁−1
)
(7)
Thus, the fitness that is in interval [fsun, fmax]
d. Selection
Individuals who are in a population, need to be selected
individuals are best that can perform a marriage to produce
a new individual. The selection was aimed to provide an
opportunity reproductive health is higher than for the
members population that most Each fit. individuals in the
population will receive probability reproductive health is
equivalent to the fitness.
e. Operator Genetics
Genetic algorithm (AG) that is a process heuristic (increase
probability to solve a number of problems) and random so
that the emphasis on the election operator that is to
determine the success AG in finding solutions fit into a
problem that is given. The thing that must be paid attention
is to avoid a convergence, in the sense that premature
solution that was received by local throughput is the result
.There is two operator genetics, namely:
Property 4: After chosen individuals in the selection
process, in these individuals will be marriage cross
or crossover. The crossover was aimed at adding on
biodiversity string in a population with crossing between a
string that is taken from reproductive health. The crossover
was done on each individual with probability crossover (pc)
is defined by random in that range (No. 0, 1]. This means
that crossover a disagreement can be done only if numbers
random that raised less than what 𝑝𝑐 is determined. In
general 𝑝𝑐 stated close to 1.
Property 5: Mutation is processed to change the value of
one or several genes in a chromosome.
Operation crossover that will be done in the chromosome
with the aim to find new chromosome as candidate solutions
to future generations with fitness climate eventually will go
to the optimum solution was wanted. If the election process
chromosomes that are likely to continue to have
a fitness that was only, convergence premature infants will
be very easy to happen. In other words, the process quest to
find solutions that unite trapped in one part of the search so
that he would not be able to explore the other chromosome
with fitness the continued to exist to avoid a convergence
prematurely and still keep difference chromosome in the
population will be used operator mutations. Procedure
mutation is very simple. For all of the genes that is, if the
random raised less than probability mutations
that pm determined the changed gene was contrary to the
value (in binary encoding, 0 changed 1 and 1 changed 0). It
is usually pm stated as 1/n, with n is the number of genes in
the chromosome. The 𝑝 𝑚 sebking esar this means mutations
can only occur in approximately one gene. In AG simple,
the value is 𝑝 𝑚 still during Evolutionists who came could
never explain.
f. The Replacement Population
In AG knew population replacement scheme
called generational replacement, which means all individual
(e.g., N individuals in a population) from a generation was
replaced as well as by N individual new cross-marriage and
the mutations. The scheme replacement is not realistic from
the perspective of a biology. In the real world, the
individuals from a different generation could be at the same
time. Other facts are individuals appear, disappear
constantly, not in a generation. In general population
replacement scheme can be formulated based on a size that
is called generational gap G. This shows the percentage
population, which was replaced in each generation. In the
scheme generational replacement, G = 1.
III. BACK PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK
Neural Network (NN) is processing information system that
has characteristics similar to the network of nerves biology
NN is a machine that is designed to work are a modeling
human brain in doing function or specific tasks. This
Machine has the ability to keep knowledge based on the
experience and make your knowledge to be
useful. Kusumadewi (2003) explained that in processing
information, human brain consists of several neurons that do
the job is simple. Neurons in the human brain are connected
to each other, then the brain can perform the function
processing quite complex. Information processing in man is
adaptive, which means that relations between neurons
happens dynamically and always have the ability to learn
information which has not yet known.
Theory 1
NN is a processing technique computer-based information
that analyzes and nervous system are modeling biological.
Theory 2
A mathematical model that contain a large number
processing elements that organized in the layers.
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Theory 3
A system that computing several elements are made from a
simple and processing is interconnected each other for
processing information through input from the outside and
to be able to respond to the dynamic.
Theory 4
NN is a technology that computing based only on the model
biological nerve and trying to simulate appearance and
model nerves to various inputs.
Theory 5
Some sense Of the could be concluded that simple NN is a
technical computing information processing in the process
imitate the mechanism human brain that the mathematical
models will be served in the form to settle on various issues.
The characteristics of NN according to Warsito
(2009) among others:
1. Have the capacity to produce output to the pattern that
has never been studied (generalization:).
2. Have the capacity to process input that there is
something wrong in it with a certain tolerance level.
3. To Be Able to adapt to changes that happened to
the input and output. From this adaptation is
manifested in the change of the weight.
In a broad outline in NN have two stages processing
information, such as:
Training Phase: This stage began to include the patterns
learn (data trained) into the network. By using the pattern of
this pattern, the network will change to change its weight to
link between nodes. In an each iteration did an evaluation
of output network. This step was held in several and each
iteration and stopped after the weighted network found that
in accordance with the error that is desired has been
achieved or the number of an each iteration has reached the
maximum set. Weight Advanced to this (basic knowledge at
the introduction.
Testing Phase : This step test is done to a pattern input that
has never been training before data test result by using the
weight stage training It is hoped that the weight of the
weight. The training has been an error at least will also
give error testing phase in a small
Network for multilayer consists of layers input, the layer is
hidden and layer output. A layer secret lies in the input and
output levels. The output from a layer secret will be inputs
for the next. This Network at least one layer is hidden.
Architecture from network for multilayer is described as
follows:
Fig.1: Network for Multilayer
In modeling BPNN for time series, input data model is the
past (Xt−1, Xt−2, ... , Xt−p) and target is the present 𝑋𝑡
BPNN is rendered in the equation below:
𝑋𝑡 = 𝜓 𝑜{ 𝑤 𝑏𝑜 + ∑ 𝑤𝑗𝑜
𝐻
𝑗=1 𝜓𝑗 (𝑤 𝑏𝑗 + ∑ 𝑤𝑖𝑗
𝑝
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑡−𝑖)}
(8)
𝜓 𝑜 : A function activating that used in the upper
layers output
𝜓𝑗 : A function activating that used in the upper
layers are hidden
𝑤𝑖𝑗 : Neurons weight to-i in the upper layers input
toward neurons to-j in the secret
𝑤 𝑏𝑗 : Weight bias in the upper layers input toward
neurons to-j in the secret
𝑤𝑗𝑜 : Neurons weight to-j in the secret to layer output
𝑤 𝑏𝑜 :Weight bias in the upper layers are hidden toward
layer output
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Fig. 2: Illustration Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN)
Training method network is a process or training procedures
network that are the sequence to the integrated algorithm to
modify the values and weight bias with the purpose to make
a network get the values and weight bias, according to allow
it to produce output network that is desired. If a mistake in
the output network is very small, it can be said, it has been
the values and weight bias and the network has reached
good performance. In this training, the size performance a
network obtained by counting RMSE (Root Mean Square
error) between output and target network. If
it 𝑦̂1, 𝑦̂2, … , 𝑦̂𝑣 is output network and 𝑦1, 𝑦2, … , 𝑦𝑣 is the
target for network, so the RMSE can be counted as the
formula as follows:
𝑅𝑀𝑆𝐸 = √
1
𝑣
∑ (𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̂𝑖)2𝑣
𝑖=1
(9)
Warsito (2009) explained that before training of nerve
network model, it is often necessary scaling in input and
target that data in a certain range. This is meant to prevent
the data is processed in accordance with the function
activating that is used. This process is called Pre-Processing.
Then after the training is completed, data returned to his
original form (Post-Processing). In writing tasks end this
function activating that used in hidden layer toward output
layer is sigmoid binary (sigmoid logistic), then data should
first transform into the interval [0, 1]. However, will be
better if the data transformed into a smaller interval, for
example at a specified interval [0.1, 0.9]. Remember that
This function sigmoid asymptotic is a function which values
are not been reached 0 or 1 (Siang, 2005).
Pre-Processing Phase to transform data into the interval
[0.1, 0.9) is as follows:
𝑥′
=
0.8 (𝑥−𝑎)
𝑏−𝑎
+ 0.1
(10)
Post-Processing phase to return to his original form is as
follows:
X =
(𝑥′− 0.1)(𝑏−𝑎 )
0.8
+ 𝑎
(11)
Where 𝑎 is minimum data and b is maximum data.
IV. METHODOLOGY AND SIMULATION
Index data daily Euro 50 period January 2, 2013, up to
December 19, 2014, where there is 501 indexes that noted.
Some data preprocessing steps on raw set as shown below:
1. Firstly, 80% data were used to training
2. Secondly, a share index data were normalized by min-
max normalization into a specified range 0.0 to 1.0
The following are results of training and testing with AG to
some measure the tournament "k" and "𝑝𝑐. Size of
population set of 60 chromosomes and the mutations with
probability mutations (𝑝 𝑚) = 0.01.Once they reach
1000 generation by mse training=776.9827, rmse training
=27.8744, mse testing = 1543.3 and rmse testing=39.2852
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Fig. 3: Optimum Level Fitness
Fig. 4: in Sample Testing
Based on figure 2 seen that process AG stopped after reached generation to 1000. In addition, the fitness produced by,
convergence and reached an optimum level that is with the value of fitness best 0.027771 and the average rate of fitness
0.0027847.
While the weight or optimum parameters that, as follows:
Table.1: Summary of optimum parameters.
𝒘 𝒃𝒏 𝒘𝒊𝒏 𝒗 𝒃𝒐 𝒗 𝒏𝒐
-1.3287 1.7477 1.0442 0.3401 -0.9997 0.3063
-0.0469 1.3404 1.6558 0.5563 -0.0469 0.3063
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Generation
Fitnessvalue
Best: 0.027771 Mean: 0.027847
Best fitness
Mean fitness
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
Grafik Target dan Output Pelatihan FFNN dengan AG
Data ke-
NilaiIndeksEuro50
Target
Output
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From the weight or parameters that unite the BPNN for time series can be written in the form similarities as follows:
𝑋̂𝑡 = −0.9997 +
0.3063
1 + exp(−(1.3287 + 1.7477𝑋𝑡−1))
+
0.3063
1 + exp(−(0.0469 + 1.3404𝑋𝑡−1))
Based on Fig.4 comparison target and output training BPNN-AG seen that the training network has his prediction that is
quite accurate information that is shown by the close target line (blue) with the output (red). But, even though it is still
needed performance evaluation network in general to see the result of a network testing BPNN-AG. While to test result
network, as follows:
Fig.5: Out Sample Training
Testing by using the weight or parameters that have been an
optimum result from the training. Based on a picture
comparison target and output training BPNN-AG seen that
testing network has his prediction that is quite accurate
information that is shown by the close target point (blue)
with the output (a red nodule). Model can be used to predict
the index euro 50.
V. CONCLUSION
Genetic algorithm (AG) that is one of the alternative
methods of learning that can be used to train network Back
Propagation Neural Network in share price index data euro
50 . This is shown with an error that produced by the results
of the training and testing the mse training=776.9827 rmse
training=27.8744 and mse testing= 1543.3 and rmse
testing=39.2852. In addition, analysis of visual shows that
AG gives a prediction that is quite accurate information that
is shown by the close target with output while weight or
parameters that produced by has reached an optimum level
in second-generation 1000 with the best fitness and the
average 0.027771 the fitness of 0.0027847.
REFERENCES
[1] Caraka,R.E.,Yasin,H “Prediksi Produksi Gas Bumi
dengan General Regression Neural Network (GRNN)”,
in Proc.National Statistics Conference (SNS IV), 2014,
ISSN : 2087-2590 pp 270-277
[2] Caraka,R.E.,Yasin,H “Pemodelan General Regression
Neural Network (GRNN) pada Data Return Indeks
Harga Saham Euro 50, Jurnal Gaussian,vol 4,no2,
2015, Pp.89-94,2015.
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