The document summarizes a research study conducted by a group of MPA candidates on the transparency efforts of three Texas local governments: Houston, South Padre Island, and Bandera. The study examines how each local government shares information on financial transactions and their municipal budget with the public. It describes the methodology used, including analyzing communications methods, budgets, reports, and transparency measures of each city. The document also provides highlights of findings for each city studied and their transparency efforts.
Closed or Inclusive Process: How State Actors View the Contribution of Non-St...paperpublications3
Abstract: This article investigates state actors’ perceptions of the contribution of non-state actors in inclusive public policy process in Kenya. A quantitative survey methodology is employed in the study area of the City of Nairobi in 20 government ministries with one permanent secretary from each ministry answering the questionnaire on behalf of the ministry. A power analysis framework is used to understand the relationships of power between state actors and non-state actors and how they affect public policy process. The findings confirm that there has been significant improvement in inclusive public policy process in Kenya. A process which began as closed in the 60s, 70s and 80s supported by the existing governance framework, had the 90s as a turning point as a result of civic action and pressure from donor community that forced the government to embrace democratic process. Since then, there has been gradual and meaningful inclusion of non-state actors in public policy process supported by new governance framework articulated in the 2010 Constitution. However, there exists coercive power of the state actors as they continue to influence policy decisions and delivery using their authority to determine who they collaborate with and who is invited to participate in specific policy areas and issues.
Keywords: Public policy, inclusive public policy process, state actors, contribution of non-state actors, perceptions, power relations, policy areas, non-governmental organisations.
Title: Closed or Inclusive Process: How State Actors View the Contribution of Non-State Actors in Public Policy in Kenya
Author: Tiberius Barasa, Frank Matanga, Murumba Wangamati
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
In the present research work, the importance of municipal administrative data as a source of data collection for statistical purposes is disclosed. To this end, a characterization questionnaire of the administrative data was prepared to know the current status of the same. The municipal plans and programs were analyzed and a bibliographic review of the legal framework of the competences of the municipalities was carried out. The production of administrative data is highly relevant for the collection of information, considering the comparative advantages they have over other types of statistical processes. In addition, in coordination and collaboration with other institutions, the administrative data present the opportunity and possibility of being transformed into statistics, for the generation of public policies of the different instances. The vision that is taken from the analysis carried out is to make a later study of the administrative data as an instrument of data collection to generate the same statistical information obtained with the censuses.
Disclaimer! This paper is in work in progress. Contact the authors for more information.
Abstract
The interactions between minimum wage policy and tax evasion remain largely unknown. We study firm-level employment effects of a large and biting minimum wage increase in Latvia conditional on labor tax compliance. The Latvian labor market is characterized by the prevalence of envelope wages, i.e., unreported cash-in-hand complements to the official wage. We apply machine learning to classify firms between compliant and tax-evading using a unique combination of administrative and survey data. We then show that firms engaged in labor tax evasion are insensitive to the minimum wage shock. Our results suggest that these firms use wage underreporting as an adjustment margin, converting (part of ) the envelope into legal wage. Increasing minimum wage contributes to tax rule enforcement, but this comes at the cost of negative employment consequences for compliant firms.
Closed or Inclusive Process: How State Actors View the Contribution of Non-St...paperpublications3
Abstract: This article investigates state actors’ perceptions of the contribution of non-state actors in inclusive public policy process in Kenya. A quantitative survey methodology is employed in the study area of the City of Nairobi in 20 government ministries with one permanent secretary from each ministry answering the questionnaire on behalf of the ministry. A power analysis framework is used to understand the relationships of power between state actors and non-state actors and how they affect public policy process. The findings confirm that there has been significant improvement in inclusive public policy process in Kenya. A process which began as closed in the 60s, 70s and 80s supported by the existing governance framework, had the 90s as a turning point as a result of civic action and pressure from donor community that forced the government to embrace democratic process. Since then, there has been gradual and meaningful inclusion of non-state actors in public policy process supported by new governance framework articulated in the 2010 Constitution. However, there exists coercive power of the state actors as they continue to influence policy decisions and delivery using their authority to determine who they collaborate with and who is invited to participate in specific policy areas and issues.
Keywords: Public policy, inclusive public policy process, state actors, contribution of non-state actors, perceptions, power relations, policy areas, non-governmental organisations.
Title: Closed or Inclusive Process: How State Actors View the Contribution of Non-State Actors in Public Policy in Kenya
Author: Tiberius Barasa, Frank Matanga, Murumba Wangamati
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
In the present research work, the importance of municipal administrative data as a source of data collection for statistical purposes is disclosed. To this end, a characterization questionnaire of the administrative data was prepared to know the current status of the same. The municipal plans and programs were analyzed and a bibliographic review of the legal framework of the competences of the municipalities was carried out. The production of administrative data is highly relevant for the collection of information, considering the comparative advantages they have over other types of statistical processes. In addition, in coordination and collaboration with other institutions, the administrative data present the opportunity and possibility of being transformed into statistics, for the generation of public policies of the different instances. The vision that is taken from the analysis carried out is to make a later study of the administrative data as an instrument of data collection to generate the same statistical information obtained with the censuses.
Disclaimer! This paper is in work in progress. Contact the authors for more information.
Abstract
The interactions between minimum wage policy and tax evasion remain largely unknown. We study firm-level employment effects of a large and biting minimum wage increase in Latvia conditional on labor tax compliance. The Latvian labor market is characterized by the prevalence of envelope wages, i.e., unreported cash-in-hand complements to the official wage. We apply machine learning to classify firms between compliant and tax-evading using a unique combination of administrative and survey data. We then show that firms engaged in labor tax evasion are insensitive to the minimum wage shock. Our results suggest that these firms use wage underreporting as an adjustment margin, converting (part of ) the envelope into legal wage. Increasing minimum wage contributes to tax rule enforcement, but this comes at the cost of negative employment consequences for compliant firms.
Presentation made at the OECD Workshop “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013 by the OECD's Marco Mira d’Ercole, head of the Household Statistics and Progress Measurement Division in the Statistics Directorate.
Analyzing E-Government Development in Kudus Local Government Using SWOT AnalysisEdhie Wibowo
E-government is an important tool for public sector transformation and a force for effective governance, and the Government of Indonesia has been trying to utilize the advances of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) for the public. This research tries to analyze the e-government developments in Kudus Local Government to find the strength and weakness within the organization, as well as the opportunity and threat outside the organization.Using qualitative analysis method, a field research has been done in Kudus Local Government. All findings then analyzed to find the best using SWOT Analysis.The result of this research shows us, that e-government development in Kudus Local Government could be improved in the future by using the precise analysis in the development process to create the best strategic plans based on the analysis and could be used as an insight to develop a new system more effective and efficient in the future.
A data-driven report chronicling the pubic engagement of Osun State Governor, Alhaji Gboyega Oyetola, with Osun citizens in 2019 across digital and offline communication media
Good governance is the principle used in Management of government organizations as a means to improve the quality of development in the region. Good governance means a participatory form of governance that operates in a responsible, accountable and transparent manner, based on the principles of efficiency, legality and consensus to advance the rights of individual citizens and the public interest. Good governance means ensuring fairness, empowerment, employment and efficient service delivery. This research aims to Analysis of good governance and its pillars. Supriya Kumari "Good Governance and Its Pillars" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47535.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/47535/good-governance-and-its-pillars/supriya-kumari
Poor public management defined by corruption and lack of prudence in public life continues to hold Nigeria hostage and makes good governance difficult. Since the 1980s government has been using many methods including the processes of privatization and commercialization as means of re-engineering the public sector for total quality management, and to increase the share of the public sector’s contribution to the gross domestic product. The experiment never achieved the desired level of success partly due to lack of political will on the part of government to wedge a total war against corruption, and also partly because the public sector is a large scale administration that has many entry and revolving doors which government finds difficult to close. These limitations provide the incentives for widespread public corruption that is recognized as one of the greatest challenges of government in carrying out its mandate. 110 respondents participated in this study conducted through the exploratory research design. The participants provided useful data that were triangulated with data from secondary sources for the purpose of the study. To achieve the objective of the investigation, data were analyzed through statistical techniques and the result showed significant positive correlation between good governance and good management. It was recommended that appointments in the public sector should feature a combination of people from private and public sectors of the economy to enhance competence with the aim of reducing public sector corruption. Further study should examine the reasons behind rising budget deficits as a way of reducing cost of governance in Nigeria.
Programmatic Politics and Voter Preferences: The 2017 Election in Kulon Progo...UniversitasGadjahMada
Vote buying and patronage distribution have become widespread in Indonesian elections. Yet, it is also evident that some candidates use programmatic strategies to compete. Drawing on the case of the 2017 election in Kulon Progo district, Yogyakarta Special Region, and using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, this article seeks to explain why the incumbent opted out of vote buying and similar clientelistic strategies and why voters supported his programmatic approach. We show that the incumbent prepared vote buying as a fallback strategy but did not activate it. He was able to make this choice because he faced little competition and had invested politically in programmatic policies, though he was also assisted by his ability to manipulate his proximity with the Yogyakarta Sultanate for electoral purposes. This article shows that Indonesian voters can be highly appreciative of programmatic approaches, rather than simply being the “ballot-sellers” they are often assumed to be in the literature on money politics and patronage. In this case, moreover, programmatic success produced a less competitive election that in turn created the possibility for the incumbent candidate to opt out of clientelism.
Presentation by Michael Best, Columbia, Jonas Hjort, Columbia, David Szakonyi, George Washington. SITE, Stockholm School of Economics, December 15th, 2017.
Working together for effective natural resource governance? Considering risk and context in the relationship between horizontal and vertical accountability mechanisms.
Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country A Cas...ijtsrd
"This study focuses on accountability and public sector performance in the third world country A case study of Nigeria. The study is a demonstration of simple random sampling techniques on the bases of which a survey administration of questionnaires was done. The data collected was analysed by using chi square statistical tool. The result revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of transparency public office holders and public sector performance using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The findings revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of integrity of public office holders and performance output within short and long period their regime using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The paper recommends that issue of immunity clause as treated in the 1999 Constitution as amended must be revisited to improve accountability of public officeholder in Nigeria public service. Public officeholders need be made to answer for any suspected acts of funds misappropriation or mismanagement irrespective of social status. Oloruntoba Sunday Rufus | Gbemigun Catherine O ""Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country: A Case Study of Nigeria"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21748.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21748/accountability-and-public-sector-performance-in-the-third-world-country-a-case-study-of-nigeria/oloruntoba-sunday-rufus"
Presentation made at the OECD Workshop “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013 by the OECD's Marco Mira d’Ercole, head of the Household Statistics and Progress Measurement Division in the Statistics Directorate.
Analyzing E-Government Development in Kudus Local Government Using SWOT AnalysisEdhie Wibowo
E-government is an important tool for public sector transformation and a force for effective governance, and the Government of Indonesia has been trying to utilize the advances of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) for the public. This research tries to analyze the e-government developments in Kudus Local Government to find the strength and weakness within the organization, as well as the opportunity and threat outside the organization.Using qualitative analysis method, a field research has been done in Kudus Local Government. All findings then analyzed to find the best using SWOT Analysis.The result of this research shows us, that e-government development in Kudus Local Government could be improved in the future by using the precise analysis in the development process to create the best strategic plans based on the analysis and could be used as an insight to develop a new system more effective and efficient in the future.
A data-driven report chronicling the pubic engagement of Osun State Governor, Alhaji Gboyega Oyetola, with Osun citizens in 2019 across digital and offline communication media
Good governance is the principle used in Management of government organizations as a means to improve the quality of development in the region. Good governance means a participatory form of governance that operates in a responsible, accountable and transparent manner, based on the principles of efficiency, legality and consensus to advance the rights of individual citizens and the public interest. Good governance means ensuring fairness, empowerment, employment and efficient service delivery. This research aims to Analysis of good governance and its pillars. Supriya Kumari "Good Governance and Its Pillars" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47535.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/47535/good-governance-and-its-pillars/supriya-kumari
Poor public management defined by corruption and lack of prudence in public life continues to hold Nigeria hostage and makes good governance difficult. Since the 1980s government has been using many methods including the processes of privatization and commercialization as means of re-engineering the public sector for total quality management, and to increase the share of the public sector’s contribution to the gross domestic product. The experiment never achieved the desired level of success partly due to lack of political will on the part of government to wedge a total war against corruption, and also partly because the public sector is a large scale administration that has many entry and revolving doors which government finds difficult to close. These limitations provide the incentives for widespread public corruption that is recognized as one of the greatest challenges of government in carrying out its mandate. 110 respondents participated in this study conducted through the exploratory research design. The participants provided useful data that were triangulated with data from secondary sources for the purpose of the study. To achieve the objective of the investigation, data were analyzed through statistical techniques and the result showed significant positive correlation between good governance and good management. It was recommended that appointments in the public sector should feature a combination of people from private and public sectors of the economy to enhance competence with the aim of reducing public sector corruption. Further study should examine the reasons behind rising budget deficits as a way of reducing cost of governance in Nigeria.
Programmatic Politics and Voter Preferences: The 2017 Election in Kulon Progo...UniversitasGadjahMada
Vote buying and patronage distribution have become widespread in Indonesian elections. Yet, it is also evident that some candidates use programmatic strategies to compete. Drawing on the case of the 2017 election in Kulon Progo district, Yogyakarta Special Region, and using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, this article seeks to explain why the incumbent opted out of vote buying and similar clientelistic strategies and why voters supported his programmatic approach. We show that the incumbent prepared vote buying as a fallback strategy but did not activate it. He was able to make this choice because he faced little competition and had invested politically in programmatic policies, though he was also assisted by his ability to manipulate his proximity with the Yogyakarta Sultanate for electoral purposes. This article shows that Indonesian voters can be highly appreciative of programmatic approaches, rather than simply being the “ballot-sellers” they are often assumed to be in the literature on money politics and patronage. In this case, moreover, programmatic success produced a less competitive election that in turn created the possibility for the incumbent candidate to opt out of clientelism.
Presentation by Michael Best, Columbia, Jonas Hjort, Columbia, David Szakonyi, George Washington. SITE, Stockholm School of Economics, December 15th, 2017.
Working together for effective natural resource governance? Considering risk and context in the relationship between horizontal and vertical accountability mechanisms.
Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country A Cas...ijtsrd
"This study focuses on accountability and public sector performance in the third world country A case study of Nigeria. The study is a demonstration of simple random sampling techniques on the bases of which a survey administration of questionnaires was done. The data collected was analysed by using chi square statistical tool. The result revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of transparency public office holders and public sector performance using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The findings revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of integrity of public office holders and performance output within short and long period their regime using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The paper recommends that issue of immunity clause as treated in the 1999 Constitution as amended must be revisited to improve accountability of public officeholder in Nigeria public service. Public officeholders need be made to answer for any suspected acts of funds misappropriation or mismanagement irrespective of social status. Oloruntoba Sunday Rufus | Gbemigun Catherine O ""Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country: A Case Study of Nigeria"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21748.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21748/accountability-and-public-sector-performance-in-the-third-world-country-a-case-study-of-nigeria/oloruntoba-sunday-rufus"
Evaluation and Analysis of the City of Weslaco's Municipal Budget, 2014-2015
Graduate Research for Public Budgeting and Finance: Master of Public Affairs-Administration, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV)
Rev. 1.0
The Budgetary Framework of the City of Weslaco's Municipal Budget FY 2010, with Highlights from 2011-2015
PAFF 6304: Public Budgeting & Finance / Fall 2015, Module One
Enhancing transparency and accountability mechanisms that directly empower citizens to better participate in decision-making processes of government and international donors is an imperative to achieving better and more sustainable development results on the ground. This paper analyzes the emerging Open Development Paradigm and investigates to what extent such a new approach towards citizen-centered development can make development programs more effective, responsive and inclusive. It provides concrete case studies of open governance programs that enhance the transparency and accountability of development agencies and foster the collaboration among all development actors in order to achieve better development outcomes and enhance the well-being of the poor.
Open Data for better health service delivery - Fabrizio Scrollini (Latin Amer...mysociety
This was presented by Fabrizio Scrollini from the Latin American Open Data Initiative (ILDA) at the Impacts of Civic Technology Conference (TICTeC 2017) in Florence on 25th April. You can find out more information about the conference here: http://tictec.mysociety.org
Health Information Technology and Open Government PolicyJeff Smith
This is a descriptive (Yin, 2003) instrumental (Stake, 1995) case study that sought to answer the basic question, How is ONC complying with the Obama administration’s Open Government initiatives? Goals associated with the study include:
• To understand how various activities and programs align with the administration’s goals of promoting more transparent, participatory and collaborative government
• To identify definitional themes of “Open Government” as illustrated by stakeholders inside and outside of ONC
• To explore how data are being used “downstream” to:
o Inform policy decisions;
o Enhance research; and / or
o Promote innovation
• To propose a conceptual framework through which ONC and other government agencies could assess current and future Open Government initiatives
Disclosure of information about government actions and spending puts government and public officials under the constant watch of the public, allowing them to track what resources are spent, who contracts are awarded to and so on.
When designing proactive disclosure systems or voluntary disclosure has five principles governments should follow. Information needs to be: available, findable, comprehensible, low cost or free, up-to-date and relevant.
Trust and Public Policy: How Better Governance Can Help Rebuild Public Trust ...OECD Governance
Highlights brochure from the OECD publication "Trust and Public Policy: How Better Governance Can Help Rebuild Public Trust", which examines the influence of trust in policy making and explores the steps governments can take to strengthen public trust. oe.cd/trust-and-public-policy
The Effectiveness of E-Government Initiatives in Improving Public Service Del...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: E-government initiatives have become increasingly popular as a means of improving public
service delivery and citizen engagement. However, there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the
effectiveness of e-government initiatives and the factors that influence their success. This literature review aims
to synthesize empirical studies published between 2010 and 2021 on the effectiveness of e-government
initiatives in improving public service delivery. The review identified 42 studies that examined various aspects
of e-government initiatives, such as access to services, service quality, citizen satisfaction, trust, participation,
and impact on governance. The review found that e-government initiatives have the potential to improve public
service delivery by enhancing access, quality, and citizen engagement. However, the success of e-government
initiatives depends on several factors, such as adequate infrastructure and resources, effective governance and
leadership, stakeholder involvement and collaboration, and user-centered design and evaluation. The review also
identified several challenges and barriers to the implementation of e-government initiatives, such as digital
divide, data privacy and security, legal and regulatory frameworks, and citizen resistance and skepticism. The
review suggests the need for more research that adopts interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral approaches and
attends to the ethical and social implications of e-government initiatives. This review provides insights into the
current state of knowledge on e-government initiatives and their impact on public service delivery.
KEYWORDS : e-government, effectiveness, impact, public service delivery
Promoting social participation through Digital Governance: identifying barrie...dgovs_pucrs
This article aims to identify barriers for the adoption of strategic goals related to social participation in the Brazilian Public Administration present in the recently launched Brazilian Digital Governance Policy.
Danae Isis Morales García, Egbert J. Sánchez Vanderkast: National Policy on O...KISK FF MU
Talk given at the BOBCATSSS 2015 conference - http://www.bobcatsss2015.com/.
The National Policy on Open Data aims to develop mechanisms for transparency and accountability of government to citizens. Therefore I consider it necessary to make an analysis model to assess the international guidelines, and analyze how they are applied to the models implemented by the governments of different countries. This analysis applied in Mexico. The objective is to analyze in which way the open data in e-government environment strengthen transparency.
Based on the Executive Summary, Human Resources and Information Communications Technology (ICT), Analysis of a Local Government's HR-ICT Governmental Unit;
PAFF 6315 Management of Government Information Systems;
Fall 2015, Module One
Based on the Executive Summary on E-Procurement and E-Commerce, Effectiveness and Efficiency of these Governmental Units.
PAFF 6315: Management of Government Information Systems
Based on the Blueprint Architectural Design of the City of Weslaco's Multiprotocal Label Switching Fiber Network. A joint team effort between the Weslaco IT Department and SmartCom of McAllen.
A blueprint architectural design for the City of Weslaco's Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPSL) Fiber Network. A jjoint team project between the City of Weslaco Information Technology Department and SmartCom Internet of McAllen, TX. / PAFF Management of Government Information Systems
Canadian Immigration Tracker March 2024 - Key SlidesAndrew Griffith
Highlights
Permanent Residents decrease along with percentage of TR2PR decline to 52 percent of all Permanent Residents.
March asylum claim data not issued as of May 27 (unusually late). Irregular arrivals remain very small.
Study permit applications experiencing sharp decrease as a result of announced caps over 50 percent compared to February.
Citizenship numbers remain stable.
Slide 3 has the overall numbers and change.
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
Many ways to support street children.pptxSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
Up the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our Organizationuptheratios
Up the Ratios is a non-profit organization dedicated to bridging the gap in STEM education for underprivileged students by providing free, high-quality learning opportunities in robotics and other STEM fields. Our mission is to empower the next generation of innovators, thinkers, and problem-solvers by offering a range of educational programs that foster curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking.
At Up the Ratios, we believe that every student, regardless of their socio-economic background, should have access to the tools and knowledge needed to succeed in today's technology-driven world. To achieve this, we host a variety of free classes, workshops, summer camps, and live lectures tailored to students from underserved communities. Our programs are designed to be engaging and hands-on, allowing students to explore the exciting world of robotics and STEM through practical, real-world applications.
Our free classes cover fundamental concepts in robotics, coding, and engineering, providing students with a strong foundation in these critical areas. Through our interactive workshops, students can dive deeper into specific topics, working on projects that challenge them to apply what they've learned and think creatively. Our summer camps offer an immersive experience where students can collaborate on larger projects, develop their teamwork skills, and gain confidence in their abilities.
In addition to our local programs, Up the Ratios is committed to making a global impact. We take donations of new and gently used robotics parts, which we then distribute to students and educational institutions in other countries. These donations help ensure that young learners worldwide have the resources they need to explore and excel in STEM fields. By supporting education in this way, we aim to nurture a global community of future leaders and innovators.
Our live lectures feature guest speakers from various STEM disciplines, including engineers, scientists, and industry professionals who share their knowledge and experiences with our students. These lectures provide valuable insights into potential career paths and inspire students to pursue their passions in STEM.
Up the Ratios relies on the generosity of donors and volunteers to continue our work. Contributions of time, expertise, and financial support are crucial to sustaining our programs and expanding our reach. Whether you're an individual passionate about education, a professional in the STEM field, or a company looking to give back to the community, there are many ways to get involved and make a difference.
We are proud of the positive impact we've had on the lives of countless students, many of whom have gone on to pursue higher education and careers in STEM. By providing these young minds with the tools and opportunities they need to succeed, we are not only changing their futures but also contributing to the advancement of technology and innovation on a broader scale.
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
1. A STUDY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL TRANSPARENCY
Financial Transactions & the Municipal Budget
PRACTICUM RESEARCH STUDY
PUBA 6320: Fiscal Administration
Summer 2015, Module I, June 16, 2015
Dr. George Atisa
Group 6 Authors
E. Rey Garcia – Project Leader
Melissa Ipina, Howard Clayton, Xavier Hinojosa
Tuesd
2. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 1
Intentionally Left Blank
3. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Background …………………………………………………………………………………. 7
Literature Review …………………………………………………………………………… 8
The Research Team …………………………………………………………………. 9
Criteria ………………………………………………………………………………. 9
Empirical Data Collection ………………………………………………………….. 10
Reporting …………………………………………………………………………… 10
Transparency Measures …………………………………………………………...…11
Methodology ……………………………………………………………………………….. 12
Communications Methods …………..………………………………………………16
The Case Studies …………………………………………………………………….16
Houston, TX …………………………………………………………………17
Fiscal Responsibility ………………………………………………...17
Performance Measurement ……………………………………….... 18
Statistical Analysis …………………………………………………..19
South Padre Island, TX ……………………………………………………...19
Statistical Analysis ………………………………………………..…20
Bandera, TX ………………………………………………………………....20
Statistical Analysis …………………………………………………..20
Findings and Recommendations ………………………………………………………….....21
Bibliography …………………………..…………………………………………………… 22
4. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 3
Intentionally Left Blank
5. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 4
ABSTRACT
This study researches, investigates and reports how local government agencies share their
financial transactions and municipal budget process with the community, media, and other arms
of the government. The research team has focused on three Texas cities: Houston, South Padre
Island, and Bandera. These local governments are categorized as a: (1) City, (2) Town, or (3)
Place or Village.
6. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 5
INTRODUCTION
There is an ever growing distrust and weakening of our democracy’s efficiency and
effectiveness. Transparency provides information and promotes accountability for citizens about
what their government is doing, and what they are funding. Transparency provides consistent
openness which allows others to access information that is key to an organization’s processes
and strategies. Some people may ask what “transparency” is and why is it important.
Government transparency allows the taxpayer to research and hold elected officials
accountable for how they spend money at all levels of government. In the last decade,
transparency has become increasingly important as citizens become ever more distrustful of the
federal government. The public has demanded greater visibility into all government decisions
especially those that involve tax dollars, while also calling for higher levels of accountability.
Mistrust in our governmental leaders has reached an all-time high, with only 34 percent
who say they trust the government. Much of this mistrust has come from governmental leaders
providing misleading information when it come to the budget. The public also lacks trust in
government leaders and their ability to be ethical and honest. This stems from the thought that
once elected, public officials act in self-interest. Transparency not only means demonstrating
that decisions are fact based, but that the information that is obtained is accurate and is
distributed with efficiency through the use of technology.
7. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 6
The purpose of our research is to investigate how local governments share their
municipal budgets with communities and the public sector. The study will focus on three local
governments and will examine the transparency efforts and methods used by each agency to
inform the community and public of budget meetings, budget workshops, city council meetings,
agendas, minutes, financial reports, web, social media, and other forms of communication to
keep the community and public informed of FY Budget.
8. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 7
BACKGROUND
Today’s Internet-savvy citizens are engaged with their government and this means clear,
credible information from the government and its business. The communication must be easily
accessible via information services, such as web and social media. Transparency originates from
Open Government, E-Government and Gov 2.0; connecting citizens with the government,
fostering openness, collaboration, and an efficient public sector through public data.
1) Open Government is defined by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OEDC) as “the transparency of government actions, the accessibility
of government services and information, and the responsiveness of government to
new ideas, demands and needs.”
2) E-Government is defined by the World Bank as “the use by government agencies of
information technologies that have the ability to transform relations with citizens,
businesses, and other arms of government. These technologies can serve a variety of
different ends: better delivery of government services to citizens, improved
interactions with business and industry, citizen empowerment through access to
information, or more efficient government management. The resulting benefits can be
less corruption, increased transparency, greater convenience, revenue growth, and/or
cost reductions.”
3) Gov 2.0 is defined by Gartner Research as “the use of Web 2.0 technologies, both
internally and externally, to increase collaboration and transparency and potentially
transform the way government agencies relate to citizens and operate.”
9. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 8
Literature Review
This research study is composed of predominantly secondary sources regarding the field
of governmental transparency. Governmental financial accounting is complex and difficult to
understand by its citizens. Transparency has become an issue due to the growing lack of
confidence of the public in their governments. This is especially true since governments began
carrying huge deficit budgets. In addition, globalization has impacted accounting methods and
reporting due to the exchange of finances through loans between countries. Standards have been
established to assist governments with financial transparency efforts. These standards based
upon “best practices” to aid governments in creating benchmarks that guide improvements.
In the article, “FISCAL TRANSPARENCY, POLITICAL PARTIES, AND DEBT IN
OECD COUNTRIES, James E. Alt provided a definition of fiscal transparency as: openness
toward the general public about government structure and functions, fiscal policy intentions,
public sector accounts, and a form of commitment among coalition partners when problems
occur (Hallerberg et al. 2001).
The article acknowledges that both citizens and governments are in favor of increased
transparency and are making attempts to continue with the implementation of E-Government
through technology. The article also identifies the challenges to E-Government. While
technology makes E-government possible there are also limitations. A significant problem is the
lack of access by the public as well as technical literacy. Forty percent of the homes in the U.S.
lack internet capabilities which limits a large part of the population’s ability to participate in E-
Government. There are four issues identified that must improve in order for E-Government to
reach its potential. These include: the ability to understand and use technology; usability of
10. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 9
technology to enable citizens to access information; accessibility of all, including modifications
for those with disabilities and functionality where the design includes features users want to see.
This literature review explains and summarizes all sources as they pertain to local
government agencies and their transparency efforts when it comes to sharing financial
transactions and the municipal budget with the local community, media, and other arms of the
government. The study uses a mixed approach of both qualitative and quantitative research
methods and therefore allows for the reshuffling of information, alternative interpretations, and
the progression of the study.
The Research Team
This study consists of a research team of four professional MPA candidates who study,
review, analyze, and report on three Texas government agencies and the transparency efforts and
methods used to keep the public informed on the financial transactions and the municipal budget.
Criteria
The research team studied three types of local government agencies and based it on the
following criteria: (1) Bigger cities, which have a population of 6,000 or more; (2) Smaller
cities/towns/places/villages, which have a population between 1,000 and 6,000; and (3) Very
small towns and villages, which have a population of 1,000 or less. The three cities selected for
this study are:
• Houston, Texas – A bigger city with a population of 2,160,821.
• South Padre Island, Texas – A smaller city with a population of 2,896.
• Bandera, Texas – A very small town with a population of 856.
11. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 10
Empirical Data Collection
Empirical data findings are evident in this study. The data being collected and reviewed
from all three local government agencies follows state mandated actions and recommendations,
ordinances and compliances as posted by the State of Texas and other supporting organizations.
Reporting
After studying each local government agency, the research team presents a report of all
findings and recommendations. The research team uses a mixed approach of both qualitative and
quantitative processes to gather both statistical and informal data to report on the transparency
efforts and methods of the agencies being studied.
12. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 11
Transparency Measures
Most government agencies are taking measures to strategize processes such as
accountability of all financials, develop approaches and methods to report revenue, and
standardized or state mandate practices, and actions to ensure ethical budgetary practices and the
trust in the leaders.
1) Government Accountability – Agencies are gradually holding themselves accountable
to the community of all their financial transactions.
2) Actual Method – Agencies are moving towards implementing accounting methods to
report revenues on the income statement. Under the cash basis of accounting, revenues
are reported on the income statement when the cash is received. Under the accrual basis
of accounting, expenses are matched with the related revenues and/or are reported when
the expense occurs, not when the cash is paid. The result of accrual accounting is an
income statement that better measures all budgetary expenses.
3) Standardization – Agencies are gradually standardizing by following state mandated
recommendations, and developing and implementing standardize information systems to
communicate information by working together with Information Technology and
Communications departments.
4) Actions / Results – Agencies that are taking action and implementing transparency are
quickly noticing the results are a well-kept community, trust in the leadership, and builds
values, integrity and ethical practices of the public service officials.
5) Citizen Engagement – Agencies are using social media and the Internet to engage and
collaborate with their citizens.
13. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 12
Methodology
Agencies that adopt organizational methodology practices, recommendations and
standards can focus more on the tasks of leading, innovating and delivering products and
services, while improving efficiency and performance. Below are eight key organizations who
help agencies administer transparency by recommending, educating and awarding, rating, or
monitoring governmental financials and transparency efforts and methods.
Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts Office
www.Texastranparency.org
Agencies are adapting the transparency efforts as posted on the Texas Comptroller of
Public Accounts' Texas Transparency website www.texastransparency.org, which provides
detailed information about state spending, downloadable datasets and reports, links to local
government transparency efforts, and general information about the state budget process.
American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)
www.alec.org
Through the adaptation of the Local Government Transparency Act, ALEC requires that
a unit of local government or school district having an annual budget equal to, or more than,
$500,000 must maintain and post on its website for the current calendar or fiscal year, as the case
may be, and the 4 years immediately before that calendar or fiscal year.
14. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 13
Texas Municipal League (TML)
www.tml.org
TML provides a forum in which city officials can study municipal issues, network with
their counterparts from across the state, meet with vendors who provide services and products to
cities, hear from speakers who have timely and important information, and exchange ideas. It
offers participating agencies open government training, certification, transparency and leadership
recognition awards.
Texas City Managers’ Association (TCMA)
www.tcma.org
TCMA offers leadership
development, advocacy for a Council-
Mayor form of government, education
and training on uniformity and
consistency, and membership allows
access and collaboration with other
agency professionals and social media
which allows for better citizen
engagement and current information.
TCMA recognizes and awards agencies that become more transparent.
15. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 14
International City Managers’ Association (ICMA)
www.icma.org
ICMA advocates that a transparent governance means that government officials act
openly, with citizens’ knowledge of the decisions the officials are making. Availability of
information on government policies and actions, a clear sense of organizational responsibility,
and an assurance that governments are efficiently administered and free of systemic corruption
are important components of transparent governance.
ICMA educates and offers the tools like Performance Measurement to help local
government agencies become more transparency by helping build the flow of adequate
information, strong civil society, effective and transparent financial management systems, and
procurement regulations that keep the bidding process fair and open. (Reform, Ethics & Code
Enforcement, Open Budget and Procurement Process, Citizen Involvement or Services
Delivered. ICMA has developed an approach and methodology based on five elements that are
critical to success:
1) Political will at the highest levels of leadership
2) Integrity in local government systems
3) A culture of information sharing
4) Continuous monitoring and evaluation
5) The promotion of an ethic of public service
16. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 15
International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)
www.ipsas.org
IPSAS offers agencies standardized accounting practices and accrual-based standards
used for the preparation of general purpose financial statements by governments and other public
sector entities around the world. These standards aim to enhance the quality, consistency, and
transparency of public sector financial reporting.
Bond Ratings (Moody’s, Fitch, Standard & Poor)
www.moody.com / www.fitch.com / www.standardandpoor.com
Local governments hire bond rating companies like Moody’s, Fitch and Standard & Poor
to review their municipal finances, governance and management. When a rating company awards
a high bond rating, this means that the budget is stable and predictable, thus making it safer for
conducting business with the local government.
National Association of Government Web Professionals (NAGW)
www.nagw.org
NAGW offers government agencies affordable membership, networking, and a national
conference that provides education and awards the best city websites with the prestigious
Pinnacle Award – This award is selected by the board members and judges teamwork, content,
organization, design, performance, accessibility, standards, and interactivity.
17. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 16
Communications Methods
Local government agencies are implementing information technology methods to
communicate information to the public, such as the Internet, cloud computing, mobile and smart
devices, social media apps, mobile web, local access channel, instant messaging systems, and
other forms of communications systems to keep the community informed of their financial
activity.
The Case Studies
The research team carefully studied, analyzed and reported the transparency efforts and
initiatives of three local government agencies of Texas (Houston, South Padre Island, and
Bandera). The team conducted a statistical analysis and reviewed each city’s communications
sources used to collaborate information with the public, budget documents and reports accessible
to the community, and organizational hierarchy and management style of each agency.
18. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 17
Houston, TX
www.houstontx.gov
Fiscal / Financial Responsibility
The City of Houston receives an A- or 88 points for
transparency. With a population of 2.1 million, it has established
an eGovernment Center dedicated to making more services
available online through the tools and information offered via the
web 24 hours. From a financial point of view, the city has
adopted five priorities to ensure “Fiscal Responsibility”. For
more information go to http://www.houstontx.gov/mayor/Fiscal-
Responsibility.
1) Jobs and Sustainable Development
2) Public Safety
3) Infrastructure
4) Quality of Life and
5) Fiscal Responsibility
19. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 18
Performance Measurement
The City of Houston has implemented a Performance Improvement Portal, a division
which partners with City departments to identify opportunity, eliminate waste, and provide
internal consulting services. It offers the following methods to measure performance:
Performance Reporting via Publications
Open Data & Civic Innovation – Accessible information to the public.
One Houston - Adopt simple, cost-saving measures to employees’ life.
Improvement Projects – Offers training and improvements for employees.
Lean Six Sigma Program – Offers Six Sigma Methodologies training.
Strategy - Actions using performance measures to track progress.
20. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 19
Statistical Analysis
The research team conducted an analysis of the City of Houston’s, communication
sources, budget documents, and organizational structure. The initial hypothesis: larger cities with
higher budgets are capable of allocating more money, time and efforts into transparency in their
municipal budgets. True: Houston had the highest weighted score of 88/100.
South Padre Island, TX
www.myspi.gov
The City of South Padre Island, Texas receives a B or 66 points for transparency. SPI,
takes pride in their transparency and community involvement by allowing members of the local
community to get involved in the following boards and committees:
1) Board of Adjustments
2) Board of Ethics
3) Convention and Visitors Advisory Board
4) Convention and Visitors Transition Board
5) Development Standards Review Task Force
6) Economic Development Corporation
7) Historical Preservation Committee
8) Keep SPI Beautiful Committee
9) Parks, Recreation & Beautification Committee
10) Planning and Zoning Commission
11) Shoreline Task Force
21. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 20
Statistical Analysis
The research team conducted an analysis of the City of South Padre Island’s communication
sources, budget documents, and organizational structure. The initial hypothesis: smaller cities
with a smaller budget are less capable of allocating funds, time and efforts into transparency in
their municipal budgets. South Padre, with a limited budget received a weighted score of 66/100.
Bandera, TX
www.cityofbandera.org
The City of Bandera, TX receives a C+ or 66 points for transparency. According to Texas
Transparency or www.texastransparency.org, the City of Bandera is taking measures to educate
the leaders, employees, and community on eGovernment and transparency. Such methods
currently in place are:
1) Recent Bond Election
2) Tax-Support Debt
3) Comprehensive Annual Budget Report
Statistical Analysis
The research team conducted an analysis of the City of Bandera’s communication sources,
budget documents, and organizational structure. The initial hypothesis: a city with a very small
budget and staff is less capable of allocating funds, time and efforts into transparency in their
municipal budgets. Bandera received a weighted score of 66/100.
22. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 21
Findings and Recommendations
The research team concludes this study by reporting findings and making
recommendations. The study shows
that in order to compete with other
municipalities, local governments,
regardless of size, have to educate the
leadership, staff, and community on
transparency. By being an open
government the city gains trust and
credibility of their leaders and elected officials. To achieve the transparency of communication,
agencies should make their information:
Portable and Expandable– Information should be portable and allow for
expansion and must be accessible via mobile web, smart devices and apps.
Reusable Technology – Using existing technologies to communicate your
information to the public.
Support and Collaboration – By collaborating and engaging with the community,
trust and ethics are built and credibility and support of the leadership.
Provide Training of EGovernment – Agencies have the option of using the many
trainings and certification programs offered by organizations like TML, ICAM
and NAGW.
23. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 22
Bibliography
A Citizen's Guide to Open Government, E-Government, and Government 2.0. (2013, June 10).
Retrieved June 1, 2015, from https://onlinempa.unc.edu/a-citizens-guide-to-open-government-e-
government-and-government-2-0/
American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC). (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2015, from
www.alec.org
Athukorala SL, Reid B. 2003. Accrual Budgeting and Accounting in Government and its
Relevance for Developing Member Countries. Asian Development Bank: Manila, Philippines.
Bhatnagar, S. (2003). E-government and access to information. Global Corruption Report 2003.
Washington DC: Transparency International. Braman, S. (2006).
City of Bandera, Texas. (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2015, from http://www.cityofbandera.org/
City of Houston eGovernment Center. (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2015, from
http://www.houstontx.gov/
City of South Padre Island, Texas. (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2015, from http://www.myspi.org/
Fitch Ratings. (n.d). Retrieved June 15, 2015, from http://www.fitchratings.com
International City Manager’s Association (ICMA). (n.d.). Retrieved June 15, 2015, from
http://www.icma.org
International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). (n.d.). Retrieved June 15, 2015, from
http://www.ispas.org
Kickert W. 1997. Public management in the United States and Europe. In Public Management
and Administrative Reform in Western Europe, Kickert W (ed.). Edward Elgar: UK
Moody’s, (n.d.). Retrieved June 15, 2015, from http://www.moodys.com
MRSC - City and Town Forms of Government. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2015, from
http://mrsc.org/Home/Explore-Topics/Legal/General-Government/City-and-Town-Forms-of-
Government.aspx
National Association of Government Web Professionals (NAGW). (n.d.). Retrieved June 15,
2015, from http://www.nagw.org
Relly, J. E., & Sabharwal, M. (2009). Perceptions of transparency of government policymaking:
A cross-national study. Government Information Quarterly, 26, 148−157.
24. A Study of Local Government Transparency
Practicum Research Study – Group 6 P a g e | 23
Standard and Poors (S&P). (n.d.). Retrieved June 15, 2015, from
http://www.standardandpoors.com
Sutcliffe P. 2003. The standards programme of IFAC’s Public Sector Committee. Public Money
& Management 23(1): 29–36.
Shim, D. C., & Eom, T. H. (2009). Anticorruption effects of information and communication
technology (ICT) and social capital. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 75,
99−116.
Shim, D. C., & Eom, T. H. (2008). E-government and anti-corruption: Empirical analysis of
international data. International Journal of Public Administration, 31, 298−316.
Shim, D. C., & Eom, T. H. (2009). Anticorruption effects of information and communication
technology (ICT) and social capital. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 75,
99−116
Texas City Managers’ Association (TMCA). (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2015, from
http://www.tcma.org
Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, Texas Transparency. (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2015,
from http://texastransparency.org/
Texas Municipal League. (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2015, from http://www.tml.org/
Texas Very Small Towns and Villages (fewer than 1000 residents). (n.d.). Retrieved June 1,
2015, from http://www.city-data.com/city/Texas3.html
USA: Texas. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2015, from http://www.citypopulation.de/USA-Texas.html