A scientist finds the same type of index fossil in rock layers in both Africa and South America. This indicates that the rocks are approximately the same age (option A).
Which of the following was a component of the Earths Hadean atm.docxjolleybendicty
The document is a multiple choice quiz about various topics in geology. It contains questions about the early Earth's atmosphere, fossils, rock formations, impacts of meteorites, plate tectonics, evidence of increasing oxygen levels in the atmosphere over time, sea level changes, earliest life forms, locations of shared rock formations from Rodinia, and more. The quiz contains multiple choice questions testing knowledge of these topics.
The document contains 55 multiple choice questions that appear to be from a midterm exam for an oceanography or earth science course (SCIN 136). The questions cover a wide range of topics including ocean currents, plate tectonics, seafloor features, properties of seawater, and climatic influences. Some questions provide feedback or context to help students recall important concepts from class discussions. The document serves as a study guide for students preparing for the midterm by presenting them with the types of questions that could appear on the exam.
1. What drives currents deep in the oceanA. Differences in water .docxmansonagnus
1. What drives currents deep in the ocean?
A. Differences in water density
B. Wind
C. Decreased salinity
D. Increased temperatures
2. The force that causes the ocean tides is
A. tsunamis.
B. gravity.
C. a swell.
D. the Coriolis effect.
3. The Coriolis effect is caused by Earth's
A. alignment with the sun.
B. alignment with the moon.
C. location in space.
D. rotation.
4. What must occur for a fossil to form?
A. The organism must be buried in sediment soon after it dies.
B. The climate where the organism dies must not be too cool.
C. The organism must fall into igneous rock.
D. The organism must go through a process of petrification.
5. Which one of the following statements suggests relative age?
A. The top layer of sedimentary rock isn't as old as the layers beneath it.
B. Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago.
C. Some layers of shale are 265 million years old.
D. The Phanerozoic era lasted about 540 million years.
6. The place where the ocean floor suddenly plunges downward is called the
A. abyssal hill.
B. continental shelf.
C. continental slope.
D. abyssal plain.
7. Which one of the following is not left in the land as a result of continental glaciers?
A. Eskers
B. Erratics
C. Drumlins
D. Loess
8. Alpine glaciers can be found on which one of the following landforms?
A. Lowland hills
B. Mountain bases
C. Flat plains
D. Mountain valleys
9. When sediments fall out of a glacier, they create a deposit called
A. eskers.
B. till.
C. kettle.
D. kames.
10. Long parallel scratches left by course particles from glaciers are called
A. eskers.
B. drumlins.
C. striations.
D. cirques.
11. The abundance of nutrients at the ocean's surface is a result of
A. upwelling.
B. seamounts.
C. deep currents.
D. tides.
12. The process that uses a half-life in its computation is
A. radioactive dating.
B. adaptation.
C. evolution.
D. intrusion.
13. According to the theory of evolution, an organism increases its chance of survival through a process
known as
A. intrusion.
B. unconformity.
C. superposition.
D. adaptation.
14. Ocean water temperature _______ with depth.
A. stratifies
B. increases
C. decreases
D. remains constant
15. Glacial deposits related to streams of water are called
A. moraine.
B. kames.
C. drumlins.
D. outwash.
16. What problem does an unconformity present?
A. It allows magma to escape to the surface of Earth.
B. It leaves a gap in the geological record.
C. It weakens the crust so earthquakes are more prevalent.
D. It doesn't contain any fossils for geologists to study.
17. Which one of the following situations would you expect to create the highest waves in the ocean?
A. A 50-kilometer-per-hour wind blowing for 5 hours across a 100-kilometer-wide area of ocean
B. A 100-kilometer-per-hour wind blowing for 10 hours across a 1000-kilometer-wide area of ocean
C. A 100-kilometer-per-hour wind blowing for 5 hours across a 100-kilometer-wide area of ocean
D. A 50-kilometer-per-hour wind blowing for 10 hours across a 1000-kilometer-wide area of ocean
18. T.
The document discusses various types of grassland and shrubland biomes found around the world. Specifically, it mentions steppe grasslands in Central Asia, prairies in North America, and veld grasslands in South America. The correct option matching these biomes is option a, which lists 1 and 2 (steppe and prairie).
The document provides information about Earth's interior layers, plate tectonics, geological time, fossils, and geological maps. It does this through a series of multiple choice questions and explanations about these topics. Key points covered include the order of Earth's layers from center to surface, properties of the mantle and core, types of plate boundaries and associated landforms, principles of geological time such as superposition, types of fossils and what they reveal, and interpreting topographical maps.
This document contains a diagnostic test in Science with multiple choice questions about plate tectonics and plate boundaries. There are various questions testing understanding of the three main types of plate boundaries (divergent, convergent, and transform), where new oceanic lithosphere forms, areas of explosive volcanic activity, subduction zones, and features associated with different boundaries. The test aims to assess knowledge of plate tectonics concepts.
Mass movementChoose oneA. happens only when the slope .docxtienboileau
Mass movement
Choose one:
A. happens only when the slope of a hill gets steeper than the angle of repose.
B. can't happen underwater because the buoyancy force of water is too great.
C. is a gravity-driven downslope movement of natural materials.
D. is more likely to happen under dry conditions than under wet conditions.
Which of the following processes most logically explains the different tilts of gravestones in a hillside cemetery?
Choose one:
A. slump
B. creep
C. mudflow
D. liquefaction
Avalanches
Choose one:
A. are slow mass-movement events.
B. never happen twice in the same place; therefore, the pathway an avalanche creates is a safe place to build.
C. always contain snow and/or ice.
D. can be triggered by explosions, people, or even just new snow.
Solifluction
Choose one:
A. is a kind of creep that is found in high-elevation regions or in the Arctic on slopes that are underlain by permafrost.
B. is the proper term for alternate expanding and contracting of swelling clays.
C. means that the level of the water table fluctuates with precipitation.
D. is a faster-than-usual kind of slump in wetlands.
Identify the true statement.
Choose one:
A. The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which unconsolidated sediments can sit without slipping downhill.
B. The head scarp of a slump is found at the base of the slump block.
C. Lahars are mudflows that have been triggered by earthquake shaking.
D. Slow movement of unconsolidated material downslope is called a turbidity current.
Which of the following is a suitable method of managing snow avalanches?
Choose one:
A. increasing the slope's load by planting vegetation on the cornice of mountain slopes
B. expansive water drainage systems
C. targeted, controlled explosions
D. allowing skiers to use only avalanche chutes (regions where avalanches will not occur)
Identify the true statement.
Choose one:
A. Weathering does not affect the stability of a slope.
B. Vegetation is heavy, and therefore deforesting an area can help keep slopes stable.
C. Forest fires followed by heavy rains are likely to result in severe mud and debris flows.
D. Saturating a slope with water tends to hold unconsolidated grains together and thus helps stabilize slopes.
Consider the following eight phrases:
1. careful inventory and mapping to determine dangers
2. weathering of minerals to produce clay
3. controlled blasting of unstable slopes
4. controlled water drainage
5. retaining walls along highway embankments
6. spraying shotcrete on road cuts
7. removing support at the toe of the slope
8. adding weight at the top of the slope
Which of these are factors that lead to mass movement?
Choose one:
A. choices 3 and 8 only
B. choices 2, 7, and 8
C. choices 1, 2, and 4
D. choices 2, 4, 7, and 8
Watch the
Submarine Slide
portion of the
Slides
topic of the animation. How can a submarine slide at the edge of a continental shelf create a tsunami?
Choose .
The document discusses the lithosphere and atmosphere. It covers topics like plate tectonics, continental drift, volcanoes, earthquakes, and the different layers of the Earth. Some key points include how sonar surveys of the ocean floor helped explain continental drift, how sea floor spreading occurs at mid-ocean ridges, and that plate tectonics involves the movement of tectonic plates in the lithosphere.
Which of the following was a component of the Earths Hadean atm.docxjolleybendicty
The document is a multiple choice quiz about various topics in geology. It contains questions about the early Earth's atmosphere, fossils, rock formations, impacts of meteorites, plate tectonics, evidence of increasing oxygen levels in the atmosphere over time, sea level changes, earliest life forms, locations of shared rock formations from Rodinia, and more. The quiz contains multiple choice questions testing knowledge of these topics.
The document contains 55 multiple choice questions that appear to be from a midterm exam for an oceanography or earth science course (SCIN 136). The questions cover a wide range of topics including ocean currents, plate tectonics, seafloor features, properties of seawater, and climatic influences. Some questions provide feedback or context to help students recall important concepts from class discussions. The document serves as a study guide for students preparing for the midterm by presenting them with the types of questions that could appear on the exam.
1. What drives currents deep in the oceanA. Differences in water .docxmansonagnus
1. What drives currents deep in the ocean?
A. Differences in water density
B. Wind
C. Decreased salinity
D. Increased temperatures
2. The force that causes the ocean tides is
A. tsunamis.
B. gravity.
C. a swell.
D. the Coriolis effect.
3. The Coriolis effect is caused by Earth's
A. alignment with the sun.
B. alignment with the moon.
C. location in space.
D. rotation.
4. What must occur for a fossil to form?
A. The organism must be buried in sediment soon after it dies.
B. The climate where the organism dies must not be too cool.
C. The organism must fall into igneous rock.
D. The organism must go through a process of petrification.
5. Which one of the following statements suggests relative age?
A. The top layer of sedimentary rock isn't as old as the layers beneath it.
B. Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago.
C. Some layers of shale are 265 million years old.
D. The Phanerozoic era lasted about 540 million years.
6. The place where the ocean floor suddenly plunges downward is called the
A. abyssal hill.
B. continental shelf.
C. continental slope.
D. abyssal plain.
7. Which one of the following is not left in the land as a result of continental glaciers?
A. Eskers
B. Erratics
C. Drumlins
D. Loess
8. Alpine glaciers can be found on which one of the following landforms?
A. Lowland hills
B. Mountain bases
C. Flat plains
D. Mountain valleys
9. When sediments fall out of a glacier, they create a deposit called
A. eskers.
B. till.
C. kettle.
D. kames.
10. Long parallel scratches left by course particles from glaciers are called
A. eskers.
B. drumlins.
C. striations.
D. cirques.
11. The abundance of nutrients at the ocean's surface is a result of
A. upwelling.
B. seamounts.
C. deep currents.
D. tides.
12. The process that uses a half-life in its computation is
A. radioactive dating.
B. adaptation.
C. evolution.
D. intrusion.
13. According to the theory of evolution, an organism increases its chance of survival through a process
known as
A. intrusion.
B. unconformity.
C. superposition.
D. adaptation.
14. Ocean water temperature _______ with depth.
A. stratifies
B. increases
C. decreases
D. remains constant
15. Glacial deposits related to streams of water are called
A. moraine.
B. kames.
C. drumlins.
D. outwash.
16. What problem does an unconformity present?
A. It allows magma to escape to the surface of Earth.
B. It leaves a gap in the geological record.
C. It weakens the crust so earthquakes are more prevalent.
D. It doesn't contain any fossils for geologists to study.
17. Which one of the following situations would you expect to create the highest waves in the ocean?
A. A 50-kilometer-per-hour wind blowing for 5 hours across a 100-kilometer-wide area of ocean
B. A 100-kilometer-per-hour wind blowing for 10 hours across a 1000-kilometer-wide area of ocean
C. A 100-kilometer-per-hour wind blowing for 5 hours across a 100-kilometer-wide area of ocean
D. A 50-kilometer-per-hour wind blowing for 10 hours across a 1000-kilometer-wide area of ocean
18. T.
The document discusses various types of grassland and shrubland biomes found around the world. Specifically, it mentions steppe grasslands in Central Asia, prairies in North America, and veld grasslands in South America. The correct option matching these biomes is option a, which lists 1 and 2 (steppe and prairie).
The document provides information about Earth's interior layers, plate tectonics, geological time, fossils, and geological maps. It does this through a series of multiple choice questions and explanations about these topics. Key points covered include the order of Earth's layers from center to surface, properties of the mantle and core, types of plate boundaries and associated landforms, principles of geological time such as superposition, types of fossils and what they reveal, and interpreting topographical maps.
This document contains a diagnostic test in Science with multiple choice questions about plate tectonics and plate boundaries. There are various questions testing understanding of the three main types of plate boundaries (divergent, convergent, and transform), where new oceanic lithosphere forms, areas of explosive volcanic activity, subduction zones, and features associated with different boundaries. The test aims to assess knowledge of plate tectonics concepts.
Mass movementChoose oneA. happens only when the slope .docxtienboileau
Mass movement
Choose one:
A. happens only when the slope of a hill gets steeper than the angle of repose.
B. can't happen underwater because the buoyancy force of water is too great.
C. is a gravity-driven downslope movement of natural materials.
D. is more likely to happen under dry conditions than under wet conditions.
Which of the following processes most logically explains the different tilts of gravestones in a hillside cemetery?
Choose one:
A. slump
B. creep
C. mudflow
D. liquefaction
Avalanches
Choose one:
A. are slow mass-movement events.
B. never happen twice in the same place; therefore, the pathway an avalanche creates is a safe place to build.
C. always contain snow and/or ice.
D. can be triggered by explosions, people, or even just new snow.
Solifluction
Choose one:
A. is a kind of creep that is found in high-elevation regions or in the Arctic on slopes that are underlain by permafrost.
B. is the proper term for alternate expanding and contracting of swelling clays.
C. means that the level of the water table fluctuates with precipitation.
D. is a faster-than-usual kind of slump in wetlands.
Identify the true statement.
Choose one:
A. The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which unconsolidated sediments can sit without slipping downhill.
B. The head scarp of a slump is found at the base of the slump block.
C. Lahars are mudflows that have been triggered by earthquake shaking.
D. Slow movement of unconsolidated material downslope is called a turbidity current.
Which of the following is a suitable method of managing snow avalanches?
Choose one:
A. increasing the slope's load by planting vegetation on the cornice of mountain slopes
B. expansive water drainage systems
C. targeted, controlled explosions
D. allowing skiers to use only avalanche chutes (regions where avalanches will not occur)
Identify the true statement.
Choose one:
A. Weathering does not affect the stability of a slope.
B. Vegetation is heavy, and therefore deforesting an area can help keep slopes stable.
C. Forest fires followed by heavy rains are likely to result in severe mud and debris flows.
D. Saturating a slope with water tends to hold unconsolidated grains together and thus helps stabilize slopes.
Consider the following eight phrases:
1. careful inventory and mapping to determine dangers
2. weathering of minerals to produce clay
3. controlled blasting of unstable slopes
4. controlled water drainage
5. retaining walls along highway embankments
6. spraying shotcrete on road cuts
7. removing support at the toe of the slope
8. adding weight at the top of the slope
Which of these are factors that lead to mass movement?
Choose one:
A. choices 3 and 8 only
B. choices 2, 7, and 8
C. choices 1, 2, and 4
D. choices 2, 4, 7, and 8
Watch the
Submarine Slide
portion of the
Slides
topic of the animation. How can a submarine slide at the edge of a continental shelf create a tsunami?
Choose .
The document discusses the lithosphere and atmosphere. It covers topics like plate tectonics, continental drift, volcanoes, earthquakes, and the different layers of the Earth. Some key points include how sonar surveys of the ocean floor helped explain continental drift, how sea floor spreading occurs at mid-ocean ridges, and that plate tectonics involves the movement of tectonic plates in the lithosphere.
- Earth is the only planet that gave rise to complex life.
- Major human activities cause destruction to Earth's subsystems through a boomerang effect. As a student, the best recommendation is to start making changes from yourself by reducing pollution.
- Sedimentary rocks usually form in bodies of water.
earth and life sciences First Quarter Exam.docxKimberlyCagas2
This document contains an Earth and Life Sciences examination for a first quarter test with multiple choice and diagram questions. The multiple choice section covers topics like the layers of the atmosphere, types of rocks, plate tectonics, types of stress that act on rocks, and examples of specific faults. Students are instructed to choose the correct answer or write the right answer if it is not one of the choices. The diagram section instructs students to draw and label different types of stress.
The document is a quiz about geology and plate tectonics. It asks multiple choice questions about the layers of the Earth, plate boundaries, continental drift theory, and other topics. The quiz taker works their way up from $500 questions to $1,000,000 questions, correctly answering each one along the way to eventually win the $1,000,000 prize.
The document is a quiz about geology and plate tectonics. It asks multiple choice questions about the layers of the Earth, plate boundaries, continental drift theory, and other topics. The quiz starts at $500 and increases the prize amount for each correct answer, culminating in questions worth $500,000, $1,000,000.
The document is a quiz about geology and plate tectonics. It asks multiple choice questions about the layers of the Earth, plate boundaries, continental drift theory, and other topics. The quiz starts at $500 and increases the prize amount for each correct answer, with the final question worth $1 million.
The document is a science quiz that tests students' knowledge of plate tectonics and related geological features and processes. It includes multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank questions about topics like plate boundaries, seafloor spreading theory, continental drift, and evidence that supports plate tectonics.
The document appears to be a quiz about geology and plate tectonics. It includes multiple choice questions about topics like continental drift theory, types of plate boundaries, structure and composition of the Earth's core and mantle, classification of igneous rocks, types of volcanoes and faults. The responses provided evaluate the quiz taker's answers and provide feedback but no overall summary of content can be discerned from the random sampling of questions and answers.
This document contains 10 multiple choice questions about geology topics such as types of crust, seismic wave speed, plate tectonics, and plate boundaries. The questions cover the splitting of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana, types of plate boundaries, use of GPS satellites to measure plate movement, slab pull, types of faults, and the Himalayan Mountains. The summary is edited by Mrs. Melton.
This document contains a long quiz about earthquakes and seismic waves. It has three parts that ask multiple choice questions about faults, earthquakes, and seismic waves. Some key points covered are:
- Faults occur along plate boundaries like the Ring of Fire around the Pacific.
- Earthquakes are measured by both magnitude (amount of energy released) and intensity (amount of shaking and damage).
- Seismic waves like P and S waves travel through the Earth's interior and are used to determine its internal structure like the liquid outer core.
1. Alfred Wegener proposed the continental drift theory, which suggested that continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea.
2. Wegener provided evidence from fossils, rock formations, and ancient climates that showed matching features on continents now separated by oceans.
3. The theory of plate tectonics later expanded on Wegener's idea, explaining that convection currents in the Earth's mantle cause the movement of tectonic plates and the formation of new ocean crust at mid-ocean ridges through seafloor spreading.
The document provides an overview of several geological models that were used in the early 20th century to understand global geological features, including continental drift. It discusses the theory of contractionism, which proposed that continents separated as the Earth cooled and shrank. It also discusses permanentenism, which argued that continents have always been in largely the same positions. The land-bridge hypothesis suggested that land bridges once connected continents to explain terrestrial fossil distributions. The document examines problems with each of these early models and how they helped address questions about matching fossil distributions across continents.
1) Earth science is the study ofa. Oceanographyb. Astrono.docxjeremylockett77
This document contains a multiple choice quiz about earth science topics including geology, oceanography, astronomy, and meteorology. It asks questions about the composition of the earth, properties of minerals and rocks, plate tectonics, weathering and erosion, the solar system, oceans, atmosphere, weather, and climate. It also includes short answer questions requiring descriptions of geological processes and diagrams.
The document contains multiple choice questions about various geological and weathering processes. It includes questions about frost wedging, sources of minerals in seawater, weathering in different climates, agents that form landscapes like valleys and soil, and indicators of glacial erosion like U-shaped valleys and scratches on bedrock. The questions cover a wide range of topics relating to weathering, erosion, and landscape development over long periods of time.
QUESTION 1 – Of the following, which problem would a geologist NOT.docxmakdul
QUESTION 1 – Of the following, which problem would a geologist NOT study?
A. The chemical pathway that facilitates drug absorption into the blood.
B. The interaction of organic acids produced in soil on soil chemistry.
C. The geology of layered deposits found at the South Pole of Mars.
D. The presence of seismic discontinuities at the core-mantle boundary.
Question 2 – Geologists often use the scientific method and supporting data to propose new ideas and test the validity of these ideas. These new ideas are called:
A. theories
B. ideas
C. methods
D. hypotheses
Question 3 – The current idea that governs our understanding of planetary systems is called:
A. Collision Theory
B. Nebular Theory
C. Planetesimal Theory
D. Differentiation Theory
Question 4 – Largely due to information gathered by the Apollo missions, the moon is thought to be:
A. Made of cheese
B. a captured comet
C. a portion of the Earth sucked out by a close meteor encounter.
D. A portion of the Earth blasted into space by a large protoplanetary collision.
Question 5 – A lithospheric plate can be composed of which of the following:
A. Oceanic crust
B. Continental crust
C. Upper mantle
D. All of the above
Question 6 – In the quest for scientific exploration, Alfred Wegener attempted to explain geologic evidence he found in the Hypothesis of Continental Drift. The scientific community rejected Alfred Wegner’s hypothesis because he failed to explain the ____________________________________.
A. The mechanism for moving continents
B. The fit of the continents
C. The distribution of fossilized organisms
D. The distribution of glacial deposits
Question 7 – Crystal form is a physical property of mineral used in their identification. Which phrase best describes the concept of crystal form?
A. The way in which a mineral break
B. The external expression of a mineral’s internal structure
C. The color of the powdered mineral
D. The appearance of reflected light from a mineral’s surface
Question 8 – Quartz and calcite often are found in the same colors. Although these minerals can be discriminated from one another by cleavage and fracture, hardness is often used, as it is an easier property to utilize. Which of the following statements correctly describes the properties of calcite and quartz.
A. Calcite will not scratch glass and has fracture, whereas quartz will scratch glass and has good cleavage.
B. Calcite with scratch glass and has fracture, whereas quartz will scratch glass and has a good cleavage.
C. Calcite will not scratch glass and has cleavage, whereas quartz will scratch glass and has fracture.
D. Calcite will scratch glass and has good cleavage, whereas quartz will scratch glass and has fracture.
Question 9 – Many minerals belong to the large class of mineral called silicates. Pyrozene group mineral are on such group that happens to belong to what subclass of silicates?
A. Isolated tetrahedra silicates
B. Single Chain silicates
C. Double Chain silicates
D. Framework ...
The document is a review for Chapter 17 which covers topics about the structure of the Earth, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, rocks and minerals. It contains 47 multiple choice questions testing knowledge about these topics, including the layers of Earth's structure, plate boundary types, seismic wave properties, rock and mineral identification and formation processes.
This document contains a series of trivia questions across various topics in earth science, including geology, oceanography, astronomy, and climatology. There are over 50 multiple choice questions testing knowledge about topics like plate tectonics, the water cycle, properties of the sun and planets, and global climate patterns. The questions are grouped into sets labeled A through I and cover concepts commonly addressed in introductory earth science courses.
This document contains a practice test with multiple choice questions about grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. The test covers topics such as stress patterns in words, identifying meaning and parts of speech in passages, summarizing information stated or implied in passages, and determining the closest meanings of sentences. There are 63 total multiple choice questions testing a variety of English language skills.
Quiz: What is the Universe? Exploring the Mysteries of Existence and BeyondThe Universe Episodes
Quiz: What is the Universe?
Welcome to the fascinating "What is the Universe?" quiz! Embark on an awe-inspiring journey through the cosmos and test your knowledge about the vastness of space. Get ready to explore captivating universe facts, unravel cosmic mysteries, and expand your understanding of the celestial wonders that surround us.
This engaging quiz will take you on an astronomical adventure, covering a wide range of topics related to the universe, galaxies, stars, and more. From mind-blowing concepts like the Big Bang theory to the intricate details of our very own Milky Way galaxy, each question will challenge your cosmic expertise.
Delve into the depths of space as you encounter intriguing astronomy trivia and learn about the birth and evolution of the universe. Discover mesmerizing details about constellations, those celestial artworks that have fascinated humans throughout history. Unravel the enigma of black holes and their mind-bending properties that defy our understanding of physics.
Whether you're an aspiring astronomer or simply curious about the mysteries beyond Earth, this quiz offers an exciting opportunity to expand your knowledge and appreciation of the cosmos. Each multiple-choice question will test your grasp of essential concepts, providing both educational value and entertainment as you progress.
Prepare to be captivated by the wonders of the universe and challenge yourself to reach new celestial heights. Are you ready to embark on this cosmic journey? Let's commence our exploration of the universe!
Find out more about our quizzes and fun Universe: theuniverseepisodes (dot) com
Name ______________________ Class _________________ Date .docxrosemarybdodson23141
Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________ ID: D
1
Exam 1
1. The moment magnitude scale depends on
a. the rupture area, slip magnitude, and shear
rigidity of rock
b. the length of the fault
c. the depth of the earthquake
d. the amplitude of shaking
2. The particle motions of P-waves
a. are perpendicular to the wave propagation
direction.
b. are retrograde elliptical.
c. are horizontal.
d. are compression only.
e. involve dilations and compressions in
direction of wave propagation.
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE
about plate boundaries and their earthquakes?
a. Divergent plate boundaries produce very large
earthquakes, transform boundaries produce
small events, and convergent boundaries
produce large-to-intermediate sized
earthquakes.
b. Divergent boundaries produce small to
moderate sized earthquakes, transform
boundaries produce moderate to large
earthquakes, and convergent boundaries
produce the largest earthquakes.
c. Divergent boundaries are rare but they do
produce the largest events.
d. Convergent boundaries and transform
boundaries both produce the magnitude 9.0
events in equal numbers.
4. A magnitude 6.0 earthquake will affect the largest
area of shaking in which region below?
a. Northeast United States
b. California along the San Andreas Fault
c. In the state of Nevada in the western United
States
d. In the state of Utah in the western United
States
5. The intraplate earthquakes in New Madrid,
Missouri in 1811 and 1812
a. where very small and not felt widely.
b. were larger than magnitude 7.0, felt as far
away as Boston, and occurred in a failed rift
zone.
c. occurred where the Pacific and North
American plates meet.
d. were not as large as magnitude 7.0, with felt
shaking confined mainly to the regions of the
midwestern United States.
6. The enormous earthquake of March 11, 2011 in
Japan was greater than 9.0 because
a. it occurred on a major transform fault zone.
b. it occurred on a major normal fault in a
divergent plate boundary zone.
c. slip occurred on a large area of fault patch
with a slip of one centimeter.
d. slip occurred on a large area of fault patch
with a large amount of slip of as much as half
a football field (50 meters)
7. Which of the following will most likely lead to a
Natural Disaster?
a. A magnitude 3.0 earthquake beneath New
York City
b. A magnitude 8.0 very far from any populated
region
c. A magnitude 7.5 with an epicenter 10
kilometers from downtown Tokyo
d. An earthquake with a maximum felt intensity
of V
e. An earthquake at a mid-ocean ridge
8. An earthquake initiates at 35°N, 108° W, and
depth Z = 10 km. What is its epicenter?
a. 10 km
b. 35° N
c. 35° N, 108° W
d. 108° W
e. the waves that radiate from the source
Name: ______________________ ID: D
2
9. An example of the presently active early stages
of continental rifting can be found in
a. Mid continent of North America
b. East Africa
c. Indi.
This document contains a sample quarterly lesson plan for an Earth Science class for grades 11-12. It includes 4 content standards, 4 performance standards, and outlines 7 weekly topics to be covered in the 1st quarter, including the formation of the universe and solar system, Earth's subsystems, rocks and minerals, and natural resources. It also provides 6 weekly topics to be covered in the 2nd quarter, such as geologic surface and internal processes, continental drift, and methods of dating geological events. The lesson plan identifies the essential learning competencies and expected duration for students to meet each topic.
Roxanne Mae S. Dagotdot, a teacher at Bais City National Science High School, submitted an individual daily log and accomplishment report for the week of August 14-18, 2023. The report details her participation in Brigada Eskwela activities like classroom clean-up and organization, as well as facilitating clean-up of the school clinic and repainting furniture. Photos were also included documenting her work assisting with preparations for Sci-Hi Bais Bayanihan Week, the opening of Brigada Eskwela, and clean-up activities throughout the week.
- Earth is the only planet that gave rise to complex life.
- Major human activities cause destruction to Earth's subsystems through a boomerang effect. As a student, the best recommendation is to start making changes from yourself by reducing pollution.
- Sedimentary rocks usually form in bodies of water.
earth and life sciences First Quarter Exam.docxKimberlyCagas2
This document contains an Earth and Life Sciences examination for a first quarter test with multiple choice and diagram questions. The multiple choice section covers topics like the layers of the atmosphere, types of rocks, plate tectonics, types of stress that act on rocks, and examples of specific faults. Students are instructed to choose the correct answer or write the right answer if it is not one of the choices. The diagram section instructs students to draw and label different types of stress.
The document is a quiz about geology and plate tectonics. It asks multiple choice questions about the layers of the Earth, plate boundaries, continental drift theory, and other topics. The quiz taker works their way up from $500 questions to $1,000,000 questions, correctly answering each one along the way to eventually win the $1,000,000 prize.
The document is a quiz about geology and plate tectonics. It asks multiple choice questions about the layers of the Earth, plate boundaries, continental drift theory, and other topics. The quiz starts at $500 and increases the prize amount for each correct answer, culminating in questions worth $500,000, $1,000,000.
The document is a quiz about geology and plate tectonics. It asks multiple choice questions about the layers of the Earth, plate boundaries, continental drift theory, and other topics. The quiz starts at $500 and increases the prize amount for each correct answer, with the final question worth $1 million.
The document is a science quiz that tests students' knowledge of plate tectonics and related geological features and processes. It includes multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank questions about topics like plate boundaries, seafloor spreading theory, continental drift, and evidence that supports plate tectonics.
The document appears to be a quiz about geology and plate tectonics. It includes multiple choice questions about topics like continental drift theory, types of plate boundaries, structure and composition of the Earth's core and mantle, classification of igneous rocks, types of volcanoes and faults. The responses provided evaluate the quiz taker's answers and provide feedback but no overall summary of content can be discerned from the random sampling of questions and answers.
This document contains 10 multiple choice questions about geology topics such as types of crust, seismic wave speed, plate tectonics, and plate boundaries. The questions cover the splitting of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana, types of plate boundaries, use of GPS satellites to measure plate movement, slab pull, types of faults, and the Himalayan Mountains. The summary is edited by Mrs. Melton.
This document contains a long quiz about earthquakes and seismic waves. It has three parts that ask multiple choice questions about faults, earthquakes, and seismic waves. Some key points covered are:
- Faults occur along plate boundaries like the Ring of Fire around the Pacific.
- Earthquakes are measured by both magnitude (amount of energy released) and intensity (amount of shaking and damage).
- Seismic waves like P and S waves travel through the Earth's interior and are used to determine its internal structure like the liquid outer core.
1. Alfred Wegener proposed the continental drift theory, which suggested that continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea.
2. Wegener provided evidence from fossils, rock formations, and ancient climates that showed matching features on continents now separated by oceans.
3. The theory of plate tectonics later expanded on Wegener's idea, explaining that convection currents in the Earth's mantle cause the movement of tectonic plates and the formation of new ocean crust at mid-ocean ridges through seafloor spreading.
The document provides an overview of several geological models that were used in the early 20th century to understand global geological features, including continental drift. It discusses the theory of contractionism, which proposed that continents separated as the Earth cooled and shrank. It also discusses permanentenism, which argued that continents have always been in largely the same positions. The land-bridge hypothesis suggested that land bridges once connected continents to explain terrestrial fossil distributions. The document examines problems with each of these early models and how they helped address questions about matching fossil distributions across continents.
1) Earth science is the study ofa. Oceanographyb. Astrono.docxjeremylockett77
This document contains a multiple choice quiz about earth science topics including geology, oceanography, astronomy, and meteorology. It asks questions about the composition of the earth, properties of minerals and rocks, plate tectonics, weathering and erosion, the solar system, oceans, atmosphere, weather, and climate. It also includes short answer questions requiring descriptions of geological processes and diagrams.
The document contains multiple choice questions about various geological and weathering processes. It includes questions about frost wedging, sources of minerals in seawater, weathering in different climates, agents that form landscapes like valleys and soil, and indicators of glacial erosion like U-shaped valleys and scratches on bedrock. The questions cover a wide range of topics relating to weathering, erosion, and landscape development over long periods of time.
QUESTION 1 – Of the following, which problem would a geologist NOT.docxmakdul
QUESTION 1 – Of the following, which problem would a geologist NOT study?
A. The chemical pathway that facilitates drug absorption into the blood.
B. The interaction of organic acids produced in soil on soil chemistry.
C. The geology of layered deposits found at the South Pole of Mars.
D. The presence of seismic discontinuities at the core-mantle boundary.
Question 2 – Geologists often use the scientific method and supporting data to propose new ideas and test the validity of these ideas. These new ideas are called:
A. theories
B. ideas
C. methods
D. hypotheses
Question 3 – The current idea that governs our understanding of planetary systems is called:
A. Collision Theory
B. Nebular Theory
C. Planetesimal Theory
D. Differentiation Theory
Question 4 – Largely due to information gathered by the Apollo missions, the moon is thought to be:
A. Made of cheese
B. a captured comet
C. a portion of the Earth sucked out by a close meteor encounter.
D. A portion of the Earth blasted into space by a large protoplanetary collision.
Question 5 – A lithospheric plate can be composed of which of the following:
A. Oceanic crust
B. Continental crust
C. Upper mantle
D. All of the above
Question 6 – In the quest for scientific exploration, Alfred Wegener attempted to explain geologic evidence he found in the Hypothesis of Continental Drift. The scientific community rejected Alfred Wegner’s hypothesis because he failed to explain the ____________________________________.
A. The mechanism for moving continents
B. The fit of the continents
C. The distribution of fossilized organisms
D. The distribution of glacial deposits
Question 7 – Crystal form is a physical property of mineral used in their identification. Which phrase best describes the concept of crystal form?
A. The way in which a mineral break
B. The external expression of a mineral’s internal structure
C. The color of the powdered mineral
D. The appearance of reflected light from a mineral’s surface
Question 8 – Quartz and calcite often are found in the same colors. Although these minerals can be discriminated from one another by cleavage and fracture, hardness is often used, as it is an easier property to utilize. Which of the following statements correctly describes the properties of calcite and quartz.
A. Calcite will not scratch glass and has fracture, whereas quartz will scratch glass and has good cleavage.
B. Calcite with scratch glass and has fracture, whereas quartz will scratch glass and has a good cleavage.
C. Calcite will not scratch glass and has cleavage, whereas quartz will scratch glass and has fracture.
D. Calcite will scratch glass and has good cleavage, whereas quartz will scratch glass and has fracture.
Question 9 – Many minerals belong to the large class of mineral called silicates. Pyrozene group mineral are on such group that happens to belong to what subclass of silicates?
A. Isolated tetrahedra silicates
B. Single Chain silicates
C. Double Chain silicates
D. Framework ...
The document is a review for Chapter 17 which covers topics about the structure of the Earth, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, rocks and minerals. It contains 47 multiple choice questions testing knowledge about these topics, including the layers of Earth's structure, plate boundary types, seismic wave properties, rock and mineral identification and formation processes.
This document contains a series of trivia questions across various topics in earth science, including geology, oceanography, astronomy, and climatology. There are over 50 multiple choice questions testing knowledge about topics like plate tectonics, the water cycle, properties of the sun and planets, and global climate patterns. The questions are grouped into sets labeled A through I and cover concepts commonly addressed in introductory earth science courses.
This document contains a practice test with multiple choice questions about grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. The test covers topics such as stress patterns in words, identifying meaning and parts of speech in passages, summarizing information stated or implied in passages, and determining the closest meanings of sentences. There are 63 total multiple choice questions testing a variety of English language skills.
Quiz: What is the Universe? Exploring the Mysteries of Existence and BeyondThe Universe Episodes
Quiz: What is the Universe?
Welcome to the fascinating "What is the Universe?" quiz! Embark on an awe-inspiring journey through the cosmos and test your knowledge about the vastness of space. Get ready to explore captivating universe facts, unravel cosmic mysteries, and expand your understanding of the celestial wonders that surround us.
This engaging quiz will take you on an astronomical adventure, covering a wide range of topics related to the universe, galaxies, stars, and more. From mind-blowing concepts like the Big Bang theory to the intricate details of our very own Milky Way galaxy, each question will challenge your cosmic expertise.
Delve into the depths of space as you encounter intriguing astronomy trivia and learn about the birth and evolution of the universe. Discover mesmerizing details about constellations, those celestial artworks that have fascinated humans throughout history. Unravel the enigma of black holes and their mind-bending properties that defy our understanding of physics.
Whether you're an aspiring astronomer or simply curious about the mysteries beyond Earth, this quiz offers an exciting opportunity to expand your knowledge and appreciation of the cosmos. Each multiple-choice question will test your grasp of essential concepts, providing both educational value and entertainment as you progress.
Prepare to be captivated by the wonders of the universe and challenge yourself to reach new celestial heights. Are you ready to embark on this cosmic journey? Let's commence our exploration of the universe!
Find out more about our quizzes and fun Universe: theuniverseepisodes (dot) com
Name ______________________ Class _________________ Date .docxrosemarybdodson23141
Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________ ID: D
1
Exam 1
1. The moment magnitude scale depends on
a. the rupture area, slip magnitude, and shear
rigidity of rock
b. the length of the fault
c. the depth of the earthquake
d. the amplitude of shaking
2. The particle motions of P-waves
a. are perpendicular to the wave propagation
direction.
b. are retrograde elliptical.
c. are horizontal.
d. are compression only.
e. involve dilations and compressions in
direction of wave propagation.
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE
about plate boundaries and their earthquakes?
a. Divergent plate boundaries produce very large
earthquakes, transform boundaries produce
small events, and convergent boundaries
produce large-to-intermediate sized
earthquakes.
b. Divergent boundaries produce small to
moderate sized earthquakes, transform
boundaries produce moderate to large
earthquakes, and convergent boundaries
produce the largest earthquakes.
c. Divergent boundaries are rare but they do
produce the largest events.
d. Convergent boundaries and transform
boundaries both produce the magnitude 9.0
events in equal numbers.
4. A magnitude 6.0 earthquake will affect the largest
area of shaking in which region below?
a. Northeast United States
b. California along the San Andreas Fault
c. In the state of Nevada in the western United
States
d. In the state of Utah in the western United
States
5. The intraplate earthquakes in New Madrid,
Missouri in 1811 and 1812
a. where very small and not felt widely.
b. were larger than magnitude 7.0, felt as far
away as Boston, and occurred in a failed rift
zone.
c. occurred where the Pacific and North
American plates meet.
d. were not as large as magnitude 7.0, with felt
shaking confined mainly to the regions of the
midwestern United States.
6. The enormous earthquake of March 11, 2011 in
Japan was greater than 9.0 because
a. it occurred on a major transform fault zone.
b. it occurred on a major normal fault in a
divergent plate boundary zone.
c. slip occurred on a large area of fault patch
with a slip of one centimeter.
d. slip occurred on a large area of fault patch
with a large amount of slip of as much as half
a football field (50 meters)
7. Which of the following will most likely lead to a
Natural Disaster?
a. A magnitude 3.0 earthquake beneath New
York City
b. A magnitude 8.0 very far from any populated
region
c. A magnitude 7.5 with an epicenter 10
kilometers from downtown Tokyo
d. An earthquake with a maximum felt intensity
of V
e. An earthquake at a mid-ocean ridge
8. An earthquake initiates at 35°N, 108° W, and
depth Z = 10 km. What is its epicenter?
a. 10 km
b. 35° N
c. 35° N, 108° W
d. 108° W
e. the waves that radiate from the source
Name: ______________________ ID: D
2
9. An example of the presently active early stages
of continental rifting can be found in
a. Mid continent of North America
b. East Africa
c. Indi.
This document contains a sample quarterly lesson plan for an Earth Science class for grades 11-12. It includes 4 content standards, 4 performance standards, and outlines 7 weekly topics to be covered in the 1st quarter, including the formation of the universe and solar system, Earth's subsystems, rocks and minerals, and natural resources. It also provides 6 weekly topics to be covered in the 2nd quarter, such as geologic surface and internal processes, continental drift, and methods of dating geological events. The lesson plan identifies the essential learning competencies and expected duration for students to meet each topic.
Roxanne Mae S. Dagotdot, a teacher at Bais City National Science High School, submitted an individual daily log and accomplishment report for the week of August 14-18, 2023. The report details her participation in Brigada Eskwela activities like classroom clean-up and organization, as well as facilitating clean-up of the school clinic and repainting furniture. Photos were also included documenting her work assisting with preparations for Sci-Hi Bais Bayanihan Week, the opening of Brigada Eskwela, and clean-up activities throughout the week.
This document discusses various risk factors related to disasters from different perspectives. It describes physical risks like building sturdiness and safety exits. It discusses psychological risks like mental health, perceptions, and capabilities. It outlines socio-cultural risks like religion, status, and traditions. It addresses economic risks like income, assets, and class. It also covers political risks like government structure and diplomacy issues. Biological risks involving environment, health, and diseases are also summarized.
The document defines disasters as sudden events that cause harm, destruction, and distress to life and property. Disasters can be natural, stemming from events like earthquakes, fires or floods, or man-made through industrial accidents, terrorism or conflict. Risk is defined as the probability and negative consequences of a hazardous event. Disaster risk specifically refers to potential losses from a hazard considering a community's vulnerability and capacity to cope. The document provides examples of natural disasters like typhoons and volcanic eruptions, as well as man-made disasters including industrial leaks, explosions, conflicts and acts of terrorism.
The virtual conference was held for DepEd personnel on June 9, 2021 in Bais City Division to discuss the COVID-19 vaccination campaign and Philippine national deployment and vaccination plan. The conference included introductions, house rules, an activity where participants created slogans about COVID-19 vaccination, and presentations from nurses and medical professionals on DepEd's participation in the national vaccination plan and COVID response updates. It concluded with a recap, closing prayer, and remarks.
This document contains a series of multiple choice questions and questions about geological concepts such as the formation of sedimentary rock layers, geological time periods, evolution of humans, study of sedimentary rock positions, era of dinosaurs, earliest life on Earth, steps in sedimentary rock formation, and principles of relative dating. The questions cover topics in geology, Earth science, and the timeline of life on our planet from its earliest beginnings to the era when humans first evolved.
The document summarizes global fresh water resources and issues. It notes that while the Earth is mostly covered in water, only 2.7% is freshwater and less than 1% is available for human use. Most freshwater is locked in ice caps and glaciers. It discusses increasing scarcity of fresh water due to population growth, consumption patterns, and climate change. Some regions like China, India, South Africa and the Middle East may face serious shortages in the coming decades. Desalination is an option but remains expensive.
This document defines and describes the various types of weathering processes that affect rocks at or near Earth's surface. It discusses three main types of weathering: mechanical, chemical and biological. Mechanical weathering involves physical breakdown without chemical change, such as exfoliation and frost wedging. Chemical weathering decomposes rocks through reactions with acids, water and oxygen, forming new minerals. Biological weathering results from organisms and plant roots penetrating and breaking down rocks. Differential weathering causes some rock types to weather faster than others.
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about topics in earth science including the water cycle, renewable and non-renewable resources, mining, and the connections between the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. The questions assess understanding of key concepts like how fresh water is essential for life, examples of water pollution, the formation of granite through cooling magma, and how the water cycle continuously renews Earth's water supply.
This document discusses a lesson on the Earth's systems for students. It begins by reviewing the three layers of the Earth and having students complete a worksheet to test their understanding. It then introduces the four subsystems that make up the Earth's system: biosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere. Students are instructed to analyze pictures representing each subsystem. Finally, students are divided into groups to create a concept map in 20 minutes explaining how the four subsystems are interconnected and will present their maps on Monday.
Rocks and minerals are the focus of this Earth Science lesson from the Department of Education in the Philippines. Students are provided a worksheet to complete that includes a word search puzzle to familiarize themselves with key terms. They then watch a video presentation on rocks and minerals and are asked to take notes. To assess understanding, students are given a half-sheet test to demonstrate their new knowledge of the important concepts taught in the lesson.
This document provides instructions for an activity where students are asked to draw and design their dream house based on their imagination. It encourages students to unleash their creativity and make their dreams more real by envisioning their ideal home and painting it with colors of their choice. The activity aims to show students that art involves using imagination and creativity to depict anything, including dreams.
This study aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles using an extract from the seagrape Caulerpa lentillifera and test their antibacterial properties. It has 3 objectives: 1) determine the bioactive components of C. lentillifera, 2) characterize silver nanoparticles synthesized with the C. lentillifera extract, and 3) determine the antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles and extract against Staphylococcus aureus through assays. The researchers expect that the silver nanoparticles synthesized with C. lentillifera extract will demonstrate antibacterial properties based on previous findings that C. lentillifera has antiviral, antiprotozoal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties.
This document provides 8 tips for healthy eating:
1) Do not skip breakfast as eating a substantial breakfast can help with weight loss.
2) Eat lots of fruits and vegetables, aiming for at least 5 portions per day.
3) Eat more fish including oily fish which is high in omega-3 fatty acids good for heart health.
4) Cut down on saturated fat and sugar as too much can increase health risks like heart disease and obesity.
This document outlines a lesson plan on Earth's structure and what makes it habitable. It discusses Earth's formation over 4.6 billion years through accretion. It describes Earth's layers - the inner and outer core, mantle, and thin crust. Earth is divided into four interacting subsystems: the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. What makes Earth uniquely habitable is its distance from the Sun, protective magnetic field, insulating atmosphere, and presence of water and carbon - key ingredients for life. Students will compare properties of Earth, Venus and Mars and create representations of planetary structures.
This document contains a test for a General Chemistry I class with multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank questions. The multiple choice section asks students to identify terms related to matter, its states, particles that make up matter, and chemical and physical properties and changes. The fill-in-the-blank section asks students to classify given substances and mixtures as pure or mixtures, and if a mixture, identify if it is homogeneous or heterogeneous. An answer key is provided.
The researchers aim to develop a motion sensor electrical wire power disruptor to conserve energy and reduce electrical fire risks. The device would cut power to any appliances plugged into an extension wire if no motion is detected within 10 minutes. This could help lower greenhouse gas emissions from appliances left on standby, which account for 8% of residential electricity use. It also addresses the risk of electrical fires, the second leading cause of residential fires, by powering down unattended devices. The researchers will construct a prototype, test its ability to detect motion and cut power, and analyze the energy savings and safety benefits of the device.
This document appears to be from the Department of Education in the Philippines for Region VII (Central Visayas) pertaining to Science 7 for the first quarter/week 1. It likely contains lesson plans, materials or activities for a Science 7 class for the first week of the quarter related to the subject matter outlined by the Department of Education.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
PRACTICE EXAM ES.pptx
1. 1. A SCIENTIST FINDS THE SAME TYPE OF INDEX FOSSIL IN
LAYERS OF ROCK IN BOTH AFRICA AND SOUTH AMERICA.
WHAT DOES THIS INDICATE ABOUT THE AGES OF THE
ROCKS?
A. THE ROCKS ARE APPROXIMATELY THE SAME AGE.
B. THE ROCKS ARE YOUNGER THAN THE FOSSILS.
C. THE SOUTH AMERICAN ROCK IS OLDER.
D. THE AFRICAN ROCK IS OLDER.
2. 2. _____________ IS A LOCATION WHERE TWO TECTONIC PLATES
ARE MOVING TOWARD EACH OTHER, OFTEN CAUSING ONE
PLATE TO SLIDE BELOW THE OTHER.
A. CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES
B. DEVIATING PLATE BOUNDARIES
C. DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES
D. TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARIES
3. 3. WHAT HEATS THE EARTH INSIDE?
A. HEAT FROM THE ACCRETION OF THE
EARTH
B. INNER CORE
C. SOLAR HEAT
D. B AND C ONLY
4. 4. HOW DID SCIENTISTS DISCOVER THAT ROCKS FARTHER
AWAY FROM THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE WERE OLDER THAN
THOSE NEAR IT?
A. BY DETERMINING THE AGE OF ROCK SAMPLES OBTAINED
BY DRILLING ON THE SEA FLOOR
B. BY OBSERVING ERUPTIONS OF MOLTEN MATERIALS ON
THE SEA FLOOR
C. BY MEASURING HOW FAST SEA FLOOR SPREADING
OCCURS
D. BY MAPPING ROCKS ON THE SEA FLOOR USING SONAR
5. 5. WHAT IS THE LAW OF SUPERPOSITION?
A. THE EXACT AGE OF A SEDIMENTARY ROCK LAYER CAN BE
FOUND BY USING THE LAYERS ABOVE AND BELOW IT.
B. IGNEOUS ROCK IS OLDER THAN NEARBY SEDIMENTARY
ROCK, WHICH IS OLDER THAN NEARBY METAMORPHIC
ROCK.
C. A SEDIMENTARY ROCK LAYER IN ITS ORIGINAL POSITION
IS OLDER THAN THE LAYER ABOVE IT AND YOUNGER
THAN THE LAYERS BELOW IT.
D. METAMORPHIC ROCK IS OLDER THAN NEARBY
SEDIMENTARY ROCK BECAUSE THE SEDIMENTARY ROCK
IS DEPOSITED BEFORE THE METAMORPHIC ROCK.
6. 6. WHICH AMONG THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST COMMON
TYPE OF STRESS WHERE TWO PLANES OF MATERIAL SLIDE
PAST EACH OTHER?
A. COMPRESSIONAL STRESS
B. DEFORMATION
C. SHEAR STRESS
D. TENSIONAL STRESS
7. 7. THE FOLLOWING ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONVERGENT
PLATE BOUNDARIES, EXCEPT:
A. OCEANIC-OCEANIC CONVERGENCE
B. OCEANIC-CONTINENTAL CONVERGENCE
C. CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL CONVERGENCE
D. OCEANIC-CONTINENTAL-OCEANIC CONVERGENCE
8. 8. WHO IS THE SCIENTIST CREDITED FOR SEA FLOOR
SPREADING?
A. ALFRED WEGENER, A GERMAN SCIENTIST
B. DENNIS LIEDING, A LIBERTYVILLE SOCIAL STUDIES
TEACHER
C. HARRY HESS, AN AMERICAN GEOLOGIST
D. J. TUZO WILSON, A CANADIAN SCIENTIST
9. 9. HOW DOES FREEZING WATER CAUSE THE WEATHERING OF
ROCKS?
A. KEEPS THE ROCKS IN PLACE
B. MAKES THE ROCKS LAST LONGER
C. CAUSES ROCKS TO FALL IN LANDSLIDES
D. EXPANDS, CRACKS AND BREAKS ROCKS
10. 10. WHAT ARE THE DOMINANT ANIMALS OF THE CENOZOIC
ERA?
A. BACTERIA
B. FISH
C. MAMMALS
D. REPTILES
11. 11. WHY IS THE PACIFIC OCEAN BASIN SAID TO BE
SHRINKING?
A. BECAUSE ITS SEAFLOOR IS SPREADING.
B. BECAUSE IT IS LOCATED IN THE SUBDUCTION ZONE.
C. BECAUSE OF THE SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN THE
SUBMARINE CANYON.
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
12. 12. WHICH AMONG THE FOLLOWING IS A BRANCH OF
GEOLOGY CONCERNED WITH THE ANALYSIS OF THE ORDER
AND POSITION OF LAYERS IN ARCHEOLOGICAL REMAINS?
A. GEOGRAPHY
B. STRATIGRAPHY
C. ARCHEOLOGY
D. GEOGRAPHICAL CORRELATION
13. 13. HOW DOES ABSOLUTE AGE DIFFER FROM RELATIVE AGE?
A. ONLY RELATIVE DATING FINDS THE AGE IN YEARS
B. ONLY ABSOLUTE DATING FINDS THE AGE IN YEARS
C. ONLY ABSOLUTE DATING INDICATES WHICH ROCK IS
OLDER THAN ANOTHER
D. A AND C ONLY
14. 14. WHICH AMONG THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST COMMON
FORM OF METAMORPHISM THAT OCCURS IN BROAD AREAS?
A. CONTACT METAMORPHISM
B. DYNAMIC METAMORPHISM
C. REGIONAL METAMORPHISM
D. SHEAR METAMORPHISM
15. 15. ___________ IN EARTH’S ___________ IS THE UP AND DOWN
MOVEMENTS OF PLASTIC LIKE MATERIAL WITHIN THAT
LAYER.
A. CONDUCTION; CRUST
B. CONVECTION; CRUST
C. CONDUCTION; MANTLE
D. CONVECTION; MANTLE
16. 16. FOSSILS ARE FOUND ON WHAT TYPE OF ROCK?
A. IGNEOUS ROCK
B. METAMORPHIC ROCK
C. SEDIMENTARY ROCK
D. OF THE ABOVE
17. 17. WHAT DO YOU CALL THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES FOR
50% OF THE REMAINING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL TO DECAY
INTO STABLE MATERIAL?
A. HALF-LIFE
B. RADIOACTIVE DECAY
C. RADIOCARBON DATING
D. SUCCESSIVE DECAY TIME
18. 18. WHICH AMONG THE OCEAN BASINS BELOW IS IN ITS
DECLINING STATE?
A. INDIAN OCEAN BASIN
B. ARCTIC OCEAN BASIN
C. PACIFIC OCEAN BASIN
D. ATLANTIC OCEAN BASIN
19. 19. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT AN AGENT OF
CHEMICAL WEATHERING?
A. GLACIERS
B. ACID RAIN
C. OXIDATION
D. CARBONIC ACID
20. 20. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT AN EXAMPLE OF
MECHANICAL WEATHERING?
A. A GROWING PLANT ROOT SPLITS A ROCK.
B. IRON MINERALS IN ROCKS TURN BROWN AND CRUMBLE.
C. FROZEN WATER IN ROCK CRACKS BREAKS THE ROCK
APART.
D. NICKOULO KICKS A ROCK OVER A LEDGE, CAUSING IT TO
BREAK.
21. 21. IF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE MATERIALS IS LOW, WHAT
WILL HAPPEN TO THE ROCK?
A. IT WILL BRITTLE.
B. IT WILL BE STURDY.
C. IT WILL BE SPONGY.
D. IT WILL BECOME DUCTILE.
22. 22. WHAT IS THE LARGEST OCEAN BASIN IN THE WORLD?
A. ARCTIC OCEAN BASIN
B. ATLANTIC OCEAN BASIN
C. INDIAN OCEAN BASIN
D. PACIFIC OCEAN BASIN
23. 23. HOW DOES ROCK FORM?
A. THROUGH WEATHERING ONLY.
B. THROUGH WEATHERING AND EROSION ONLY.
C. THROUGH WEATHERING, EROSION, DEPOSITION ONLY.
D. THROUGH WEATHERING, EROSION, DEPOSITION,
COMPACTION, AND CEMENTATION.
24. 24. WHICH AMONG THE FOLLOWING IS A TYPE STRESS THAT
ACTS IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS WHERE ROCKS ARE PULLED
APART?
A. SHEAR STRESS
B. DEFORMATION
C. TENSIONAL STRESS
D. COMPRESSIONAL STRESS
25. 25. OLD OCEANIC CRUST IS DENSER THAN NEW OCEANIC
CRUST BECAUSE IT IS ________.
A. HOT
B. COOL
C. CONDUCTION
D. MOVING TOWARD A DEEP-OCEAN TRENCH
26. 26. WHICH AMONG THE FOLLOWING IS THE PROCESS BY
WHICH OXYGEN REACTS WITH IRON MINERALS IN ROCK TO
FORM RUST?
A. CARBONATION
B. ELECTROLYSIS
C. OXIDATION
D. SOLUTION
27. 27. WHAT TECHNOLOGY DID SCIENTISTS USE IN THE MID-
1900S TO MAP THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE?
A. DEEP-SEA DIVING
B. SATELLITES
C. SONAR
D. SUBMARINES
28. 28. DURING CONVECTION, HOT SUBSTANCES _______ WHILE
COOLER SUBSTANCES _______________.
A. RISE; SINK
B. SINK; RISE
C. RISE; REMAIN STATIONARY
D. SINK; REMAIN STATIONARY
29. 29. WITHIN WHICH OF THESE LAYERS DOES CONVECTION
OCCUR?
A. INNER CORE AND CRUST
B. INNER CORE AND OUTER CORE
C. MANTLE AND CRUST
D. OUTER CORE AND MANTLE
30. 30. WHEN DID PLANTS AND ANIMALS FIRST REACHED LAND?
A. CENOZOIC ERA
B. MESOZOIC ERA
C. PALEOZOIC ERA
D. PRECAMBRIAN
31. 31. HOW CAN AN IGNEOUS ROCK BECOME A METAMORPHIC
ROCK?
A. WHEN IT MELTS AND FORMS MAGMA
B. WHEN IT DISINTEGRATES INTO SMALLER PIECES
C. WHEN IT UNDERGOES WEATHERING AND EROSION
D. WHEN IT IS SUBJECTED TO HIGH TEMPERATURE AND
PRESSURE
32. 32. PEBBLES AND COBBLES IN A STREAM BED ARE SMOOTH
AND ROUNDED AS A RESULT OF THE PROCESS OF
____________.
A. ABRASION
B. CARBONATION
C. DIFFUSION
D. OXIDATION
33. 33. WHAT IS THE FORCE PER UNIT AREA THAT IS PLACED ON
A ROCK?
A. DEFORMATION
B. DUCTILE
C. STRAIN
D. STRESS
34. 34. WHICH AMONG THE FOLLOWING IS AN EVIDENCE OF
ANCIENT LIFE THAT CAN BE FOUND IN STRATIFIED ROCKS?
A. PUZZLE
B. FOSSILS
C. ELEMENTS
D. LAYERING
35. 35. THE FOLLOWING ARE FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT THE
DEFORMATION OF ROCKS, EXCEPT:
A. PRESSURE
B. TEMPERATURE
C. ROCK MATERIAL
D. NUMBER OF MATERIALS