Presentation by Professor Simon Haslett at the University of the Third Age Mendip Hills Study Day at Draycott, Somerset, on 1st March 2012.
Simon Haslett is Professor of Physical Geography and Associate Pro Vice-Chancellor at the University of Wales.
The talk is based on extracts from S. K. Haslett (2010) Somerset Landscapes: Geology and Landforms. Blackbarn Books. Available from:
https://sites.google.com/site/blackbarnbooks/publications/somerset-landscapes-geology-and-landforms
Presentation by Professor Simon Haslett at the University of the Third Age Mendip Hills Study Day at Draycott, Somerset, on 1st March 2012.
Simon Haslett is Professor of Physical Geography and Associate Pro Vice-Chancellor at the University of Wales.
The talk is based on extracts from S. K. Haslett (2010) Somerset Landscapes: Geology and Landforms. Blackbarn Books. Available from:
https://sites.google.com/site/blackbarnbooks/publications/somerset-landscapes-geology-and-landforms
Which of the following was a component of the Earths Hadean atm.docxjolleybendicty
Which of the following was a component of the Earth's Hadean atmosphere?
Choose one:
A. oxygen
B. ammonia
C. iron
D. ozone
Which of the following statements is true?
Choose one:
A. Limestone that contains coral fossils probably developed in a shallow sea.
B. A piece of gneiss radiometrically dated as 4.4 billion years old is the oldest whole rock yet found.
C. Marine limestone that overlies alluvial fan conglomerate shows that the sea level dropped at that site.
D. Shale that contains land plants probably formed in an alluvial fan or a stream channel.
Which of the following refers to fossils of early multicellular invertebrates that are 565 to 620 million years old?
Choose one:
A. Rodinia
B. stromatolites
C. cyanobacteria
D. Ediacaran fauna
Banded iron formations (BIFs) formed
Choose one:
A. beneath the Laurentide ice sheet.
B. in the Proterozoic deep ocean.
C. in alluvial fans at the base of the proto-Appalachian Mountains.
D. during uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.
Geologists believe that the impact of a 13-km-wide meteorite 65 million years ago
Choose one:
A. generated 20-km-high tsunamis.
B. generated a hot-air blast and blaze that caused worldwide forest fires.
C. ejected debris into the atmosphere that produced acid rain.
D. ejected chemicals into the atmosphere that caused thousands of years of winter-like night conditions that halted photosynthesis.
The continents that made up Pangaea came together in the early Paleozoic but began to split apart during the
Choose one:
A. late Paleozoic.
B. Late Triassic/Early Jurassic.
C. middle Proterozoic.
D. Early Devonian.
We know that the atmosphere became more oxygen-rich around 1.8 billion years ago (Ga) because of geologic evidence such as
Choose one:
A. BIFs that occurred prior to 1.8 Ga but disappeared from the rock record after that time.
B. abundant fossils of land plants, signifying the start of photosynthesis.
C. redbeds that formed after 1.8 Ga.
D. the presence of abundant pyrite after 1.8 Ga.
According to this diagram, which shows the stratigraphic record produced when sea level rises and falls over time, which of the following statements is true?
Choose one:
A. Shale, covered by limestone and then sand, represents a transgression.
B. Unconformities develop when sea level is at its highest point.
C. Sand, covered by limestone and then shale, represents a sea-level rise.
D. Each sequence represents two cycles of sea-level rise and fall.
Solar storms, like the one in the video, may have caused a dramatic increase in nitrous oxide in Earth's early atmosphere, allowing it to warm enough to support life. What is the earliest life form found in the fossil record?
Choose one:
A. trilobites
B. cells from an unknown organism
C. cyanobacteria
D. stromatolites
This video discusses how glacial deposits support the theory that Antarctica and North America were once connected. Think back to the Proterozoic Eon and the supercontinent named .
QUESTION 1 – Of the following, which problem would a geologist NOT.docxmakdul
QUESTION 1 – Of the following, which problem would a geologist NOT study?
A. The chemical pathway that facilitates drug absorption into the blood.
B. The interaction of organic acids produced in soil on soil chemistry.
C. The geology of layered deposits found at the South Pole of Mars.
D. The presence of seismic discontinuities at the core-mantle boundary.
Question 2 – Geologists often use the scientific method and supporting data to propose new ideas and test the validity of these ideas. These new ideas are called:
A. theories
B. ideas
C. methods
D. hypotheses
Question 3 – The current idea that governs our understanding of planetary systems is called:
A. Collision Theory
B. Nebular Theory
C. Planetesimal Theory
D. Differentiation Theory
Question 4 – Largely due to information gathered by the Apollo missions, the moon is thought to be:
A. Made of cheese
B. a captured comet
C. a portion of the Earth sucked out by a close meteor encounter.
D. A portion of the Earth blasted into space by a large protoplanetary collision.
Question 5 – A lithospheric plate can be composed of which of the following:
A. Oceanic crust
B. Continental crust
C. Upper mantle
D. All of the above
Question 6 – In the quest for scientific exploration, Alfred Wegener attempted to explain geologic evidence he found in the Hypothesis of Continental Drift. The scientific community rejected Alfred Wegner’s hypothesis because he failed to explain the ____________________________________.
A. The mechanism for moving continents
B. The fit of the continents
C. The distribution of fossilized organisms
D. The distribution of glacial deposits
Question 7 – Crystal form is a physical property of mineral used in their identification. Which phrase best describes the concept of crystal form?
A. The way in which a mineral break
B. The external expression of a mineral’s internal structure
C. The color of the powdered mineral
D. The appearance of reflected light from a mineral’s surface
Question 8 – Quartz and calcite often are found in the same colors. Although these minerals can be discriminated from one another by cleavage and fracture, hardness is often used, as it is an easier property to utilize. Which of the following statements correctly describes the properties of calcite and quartz.
A. Calcite will not scratch glass and has fracture, whereas quartz will scratch glass and has good cleavage.
B. Calcite with scratch glass and has fracture, whereas quartz will scratch glass and has a good cleavage.
C. Calcite will not scratch glass and has cleavage, whereas quartz will scratch glass and has fracture.
D. Calcite will scratch glass and has good cleavage, whereas quartz will scratch glass and has fracture.
Question 9 – Many minerals belong to the large class of mineral called silicates. Pyrozene group mineral are on such group that happens to belong to what subclass of silicates?
A. Isolated tetrahedra silicates
B. Single Chain silicates
C. Double Chain silicates
D. Framework ...
Page | 83
Introductory GeoloGy Plate tectonIcs
4.11 sTudenT resPonses
The following is a summary of the questions in this lab for ease in submitting
answers online.
1. Brazil (Latitude and Longitude)
2. Angola (Latitude and Longitude)
3. Measure in centimeters the distance (Map Length) between the two points you
recorded in the previous question. Given that this portion of Pangaea broke
apart 200,000,000 years ago, calculate how fast South America and Africa are
separating in cm/year? (Hint: Speed= Distance/Time)
4. When will the next supercontinent form? Examine the Western Coast of South
America, the Eastern Coast of Asia, and the Pacific Ocean. If South America and
Africa are separating and the Atlantic Ocean is growing, then the opposite must
be occurring on the other side of the earth (the Americas are getting closer to
Asia and the Pacific Ocean is shrinking). How far apart are North America and
Mainland Asia in cm? (measure the distance across the Pacific at 40 degrees
north latitude- basically measure between Northern California and North
Korea)? Take that distance and divide it by the speed you calculated in question
3 to estimate when the next supercontinent will form. Show your work!
5. How far have the snake fossils moved apart since they were originally deposited?
a. 1250 miles b. 1700 miles c. 2150 miles d. 2700 miles
Page | 84
Introductory GeoloGy Plate tectonIcs
6. Given that this portion of the Australian plate moves at a speed of 2.2 inches
per year, how old are the snake fossils?
a. 310 million years old b. 217 million years old
c. 98 million years old d. 62 million years old
e. 34 million years old
7. There are fossils such as Glossopteris and Lystrosaurus that are found in
rocks in South America and Africa that indicate they were part of Pangaea
approximately 200 million years ago. These same fossils can be found in
Australia, which indicates it, along with Antarctica, was also part of Pangaea at
that time. Based on your answer to question 6 which of the following statements
about the break-up of Pangaea is TRUE?
a. Australia and Antarctica separated before the break-up of Pangaea.
b. Australia and Antarctica separated during the break-up of Pangaea.
c. Australia and Antarctica separated after the break-up of Pangaea.
8. Consider the ages and positions of the islands listed above along with what
you know about plate tectonics and hotspots. In what general direction is the
Pacific Plate moving?
a. Northwest b. Southeast c. Northeast d. Southwest
9. How fast was the Pacific plate moving during the last 1.1 million years between
the formation of the Big Island and Maui in cm/year? To calculate this divide the
distance (in centimeters) between the two islands by the difference in their ages.
10. How fast was the Pacific plate moving from 7.2 million years ago to 4.7 million
years ago between the formation of Kauai and Nihoa in cm/year? To calculate
this divide the .
Evidence is given that the ejecta blanket of the 35.5-Myr-old Chesapeake Bay Crater is still extant and covers ~5,000 km2 of the U.S. mid Atlantic Coastal plain
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
2. $500 We learn about the core of the earth by A – digging deep into the earth. B – studying earthquake waves. C – studying X-rays of the earth. D – observing volcanoes
3. B – studying earthquake waves. ARE YOU READY TO PLAY FOR THE $1000 QUESTION?
4. $1,000 The earth has two kinds of crusts, they are A – sea floor and continental. B – continental and oceanic. C – ocean plates and mountain plates. D – lithospheric and oceanic
5. B – continental and oceanic NOW LET’S TRY THE $2,000 QUESTION!
6. $2,000 The outer core of the earth is composed mostly of A – liquid nickel B – solid nickel C – liquid iron D – solid iron
7. C – liquid iron NOW LET’S TRY THE $5,000 QUESTION!
8. $5,000 The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats is the A – inner core B – outer core C – crust D – asthenosphere
18. $1,000,000 When two plates with continental crust on the boundaries collide they most often form A – volcanoes B – new continental crust C – non-volcanic mountain ranges D – ocean trenches
19. C – non-volcanic mountain ranges Congratulations! You just won a million dollars!
21. $500 Volcanic eruptions can sometimes be predicted by A – changes in animal behavior B – changes in area climate C – earthquake activity D – subduction zone activity
22. C – earthquake activity NOW LET’S TRY THE $1,000 QUESTION!
23. $1,000 The theory of continental drift was developed by A – Isaac Newton B – William Oort C – Charles Richter D – Alfred Wegener
24. D - Alfred Wegener NOW LET’S TRY THE $2,000 QUESTION!
25. $2,000 Mid-ocean ridges are a result of A – subuction B – convergent boundaries C – divergent boundaries D – plate collisions
27. $5000 The tectonic plates of the earth move because of A – mountains pushing on each other B – convection currents in the mantle C – convection currents within the oceans D – gravitational pull of the sun.
28. B – convection currents in the mantle NOW LET’S TRY THE $10,000 QUESTION!
29. $10,000 When plates are moving apart they often for a feature called a A – trench B – tectonic plate C – river valley D – rift valley
30. D – rift valley NOW LET’S TRY THE $25,000 QUESTION!
31. $25,000 250 million years ago, all the earth’s continents formed one land mass called A – Gondwanaland B – Laurasia C – Pangaea D – Tethys
32. C - Pangaea NOW LET’S TRY THE $100,000 QUESTION!
33. $100,000 The largest plate on Earth is the A – Cocos plate B – Pacific plate C – North American plate D – South American plate
34. B – Pacific plate NOW LET’S TRY THE $500,000 QUESTION!
35. $500,000 According to plate tectonic theory, South America was once connected to A – Australia B – India C – Eurasia D – Africa
36. D - Africa NOW LET’S TRY THE $1,000,000 QUESTION!
37. $1,000,000 The process of the ocean floor plunging back into the earth’s interior is called A – subduction B – earthquakes C – convection D – compression
38. A - subduction Congratulations you just won THE 1,000,000 QUESTION!
40. $500 Erosion is A – the breakdown of material on the earth’s surface. B – Carrying sediment to a new location C – Leaving sediment at a new location D – All of the above
41. B – Carrying sediment to a new location NOW LET’S TRY THE $1000 QUESTION!
42. $1,000 Volcanoes often form A – in subduction zones B – around the Ring of Fire C – at hot spots D – All of the above
43. D – All of the above NOW LET’S TRY THE $2,000 QUESTION!
44. $2,000 Sea floor spreading is a result of A – subduction zones B – convergent boundaries C – divergent boundaries D – compression
45. C – Divergent boundaries NOW LET’S TRY THE $5,000 QUESTION!
46. $5,000 An example of chemical weathering is A – acid dissolving rocks B – root pry C – ice wedging D – abrasion
47. A – Acid dissolving rocks NOW LET’S TRY THE $10,000 QUESTION!
48. $10,000 If you walk on rocks and break them, this is a form of A – chemical weathering B – physical weathering C – pressure release D – All of the above
49. B – Physical weathering NOW LET’S TRY THE $25,000 QUESTION!
50. $25,000 Which of the following does not affect the rate of weathering? A – type of material that is being weathered. B – The climate of an area. C – The amount of air pollution in an area. D – Number of mountains in an area.
51. D – number of mountains in an area. NOW LET’S TRY THE $100,000 QUESTION!
52. $100,000 Where faults are active, there are often A – a lot of volcanoes B – earthquakes C – island arcs in the ocean D – lakes formed
54. $500,000 Most scientists rejected continental drift because it failed to explain A – coal deposits in Antarctica B – formation of mountains C – climate change D – the force that moves the continents.
55. D – The force that moves the continents. NOW LET’S TRY THE $1,000,000 QUESTION!
56. $1,000,000 The process that powers plate tectonics is A – radiation B – conduction currents C – convection currents D – subduction
57. C – Convection currents Congratulations! You have just won $1,000,000!
59. $500 question Which of the following would be erosion A – rocks broken into smaller pieces by freezing and thawing B – the formation of a delta C – iron rusting D – sediment carried by a glacier
60. D – Sediment carried by a glacier. NOW LET’S TRY THE $1,000 QUESTION!
61. $1,000 A delta is formed by A – deposition of sediment when a river reaches an ocean. B – deposition of sediment when a river curves sharply. C – deposition by a glacier when it begins to melt. D – the erosion of land at the curve of a river.
62. A – deposition of sediment when a river reaches an ocean. NOW LET’S TRY THE $2,000 QUESTION!
63. $2,000 An example of mechanical weathering would be A – the formation of an alluvial fan. B – the movement of sediment to the mouth of a river. C – the breakdown of rock by tree roots (root pry). D –the formation of rust on a piece of iron.
64. C – the breakdown of rock by tree roots (root pry). NOW LET’S TRY THE $5,000 QUESTION!
65. $5,000 Soil conservation is very important. During the 1930s, parts of the USA did not practice good soil conservation and caused the A – Dust Bowl B – Super Bowl C – Soil Loss Bowl D – the Great Depression
66. A – Dust Bowl NOW LET’S TRY THE $10,000 QUESTION!
67. $10,000 Which of the following is not a soil conservation practice? A – building terraces B – contour plowing C – growing tall plants D – windbreaks
68. C – growing tall plants NOW LET’S TRY THE $25,000 QUESTION!
69. $25,000 A landslide is a type of erosion caused by A – wind. B – gravity. C – water. D – glaciers.
70. B – gravity. NOW LET’S TRY THE $100,000 QUESTION!
71. $100,000 Soil is made up of A – only weathered rock. B – only organic material. C – both organic material and weathered rock. D – only organic material and bedrock.
72. C – both organic material and weathered rock. NOW LET’S TRY THE $500,000 QUESTION!
73. $500,000 How does the density of material in Earth’s layers change with depth? A – density decreases with depth B – density increases with depth C – density does not change with depth D – density increases and then decreases.
74. B – density increases with depth NOW LET’S TRY THE $1,000,000 QUESTION!
75. $1,000,000 From top to bottom, what are the soil horizons? A – bedrock, topsoil, subsoil B – topsoil, bedrock, subsoil C – topsoil, subsoil, bedrock D – subsoil, bedrock, topsoil
76. C – topsoil, subsoil, bedrock Congratulations, you have just won $1,000,000