Mass movement Choose one: A.  happens only when the slope of a hill gets steeper than the angle of repose. B.  can't happen underwater because the buoyancy force of water is too great. C.  is a gravity-driven downslope movement of natural materials. D.  is more likely to happen under dry conditions than under wet conditions. Which of the following processes most logically explains the different tilts of gravestones in a hillside cemetery? Choose one: A.  slump B.  creep C.  mudflow D.  liquefaction Avalanches Choose one: A.  are slow mass-movement events. B.  never happen twice in the same place; therefore, the pathway an avalanche creates is a safe place to build. C.  always contain snow and/or ice. D.  can be triggered by explosions, people, or even just new snow. Solifluction Choose one: A.  is a kind of creep that is found in high-elevation regions or in the Arctic on slopes that are underlain by permafrost. B.  is the proper term for alternate expanding and contracting of swelling clays. C.  means that the level of the water table fluctuates with precipitation. D.  is a faster-than-usual kind of slump in wetlands. Identify the true statement. Choose one: A.  The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which unconsolidated sediments can sit without slipping downhill. B.  The head scarp of a slump is found at the base of the slump block. C.  Lahars are mudflows that have been triggered by earthquake shaking. D.  Slow movement of unconsolidated material downslope is called a turbidity current. Which of the following is a suitable method of managing snow avalanches? Choose one: A.  increasing the slope's load by planting vegetation on the cornice of mountain slopes B.  expansive water drainage systems C.  targeted, controlled explosions D.  allowing skiers to use only avalanche chutes (regions where avalanches will not occur) Identify the true statement. Choose one: A.  Weathering does not affect the stability of a slope. B.  Vegetation is heavy, and therefore deforesting an area can help keep slopes stable. C.  Forest fires followed by heavy rains are likely to result in severe mud and debris flows. D.  Saturating a slope with water tends to hold unconsolidated grains together and thus helps stabilize slopes. Consider the following eight phrases: 1. careful inventory and mapping to determine dangers 2. weathering of minerals to produce clay 3. controlled blasting of unstable slopes 4. controlled water drainage 5. retaining walls along highway embankments 6. spraying shotcrete on road cuts 7. removing support at the toe of the slope 8. adding weight at the top of the slope Which of these are factors that lead to mass movement? Choose one: A.  choices 3 and 8 only B.  choices 2, 7, and 8 C.  choices 1, 2, and 4 D.  choices 2, 4, 7, and 8 Watch the Submarine Slide portion of the Slides topic of the animation. How can a submarine slide at the edge of a continental shelf create a tsunami? Choose .

1. Mass movement
Choose one:
A. happens only when the slope of a hill gets steeper than the
angle of repose.
B. can't happen underwater because the buoyancy force of
water is too great.
C. is a gravity-driven downslope movement of natural
materials.
D. is more likely to happen under dry conditions than under
wet conditions.
Which of the following processes most logically explains the
different tilts of gravestones in a hillside cemetery?
Choose one:
A. slump
B. creep
C. mudflow
D. liquefaction
Avalanches
Choose one:
A. are slow mass-movement events.
B. never happen twice in the same place; therefore, the
pathway an avalanche creates is a safe place to build.
C. always contain snow and/or ice.
D. can be triggered by explosions, people, or even just new

2. snow.
Solifluction
Choose one:
A. is a kind of creep that is found in high-elevation regions or
in the Arctic on slopes that are underlain by permafrost.
B. is the proper term for alternate expanding and contracting of
swelling clays.
C. means that the level of the water table fluctuates with
precipitation.
D. is a faster-than-usual kind of slump in wetlands.
Identify the true statement.
Choose one:
A. The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which
unconsolidated sediments can sit without slipping downhill.
B. The head scarp of a slump is found at the base of the slump
block.
C. Lahars are mudflows that have been triggered by earthquake
shaking.
D. Slow movement of unconsolidated material downslope is
called a turbidity current.
Which of the following is a suitable method of managing snow
avalanches?
Choose one:
A. increasing the slope's load by planting vegetation on the
cornice of mountain slopes
B. expansive water drainage systems
C. targeted, controlled explosions

3. D. allowing skiers to use only avalanche chutes (regions where
avalanches will not occur)
Identify the true statement.
Choose one:
A. Weathering does not affect the stability of a slope.
B. Vegetation is heavy, and therefore deforesting an area can
help keep slopes stable.
C. Forest fires followed by heavy rains are likely to result in
severe mud and debris flows.
D. Saturating a slope with water tends to hold unconsolidated
grains together and thus helps stabilize slopes.
Consider the following eight phrases:
1. careful inventory and mapping to determine dangers
2. weathering of minerals to produce clay
3. controlled blasting of unstable slopes
4. controlled water drainage
5. retaining walls along highway embankments
6. spraying shotcrete on road cuts
7. removing support at the toe of the slope
8. adding weight at the top of the slope
Which of these are factors that lead to mass movement?

4. Choose one:
A. choices 3 and 8 only
B. choices 2, 7, and 8
C. choices 1, 2, and 4
D. choices 2, 4, 7, and 8
Watch the
Submarine Slide
portion of the
Slides
topic of the animation. How can a submarine slide at the edge of
a continental shelf create a tsunami?
Choose one or more:
A.by the upward displacement of the edge of the continental
shelf
B.by the sudden drop of the seafloor as the mass of material
breaks off the continental shelf
C.by pushing water being pushed into a bulge ahead of the
advancing underwater debris flow
D.by the rebound of the continental shelf as mass is released
from its edge
E.by the settling of the deep seafloor under the weight of the
incoming mud
quiz #2
Identify the true statement.

5. Choose one:
A. Henri Becquerel discovered principles of radioactivity,
which led to the determination of the Earth's age.
B. Charles Lyell correctly explained how fossils form, and he
formulated some of the basic principles of relative dating.
C. James Hutton, the father of geology, added up generations
of patriarchs in the Bible and concluded that the birth date of
the Earth was October 23, 4004 B.C.E.
D. Archbishop James Ussher introduced the principle of
uniformitarianism.
Nicolas Steno's observations of fossil shark teeth convinced him
that
Choose one:
A. the rock they were in originated as loose sand, not solid
rock.
B. the physical processes that produce the geologic features of
today operated in the past to produce the same types of geologic
features.
C. geologic features develop by a series of events over periods
of time shorter than human history.
D. these were tongues of mythical dragons.
Which of the following statements is true?
Choose one:
A. An unconformity is a break in the rock record indicating
that the area was underwater for millions of years.
B. Varieties of an element that differ only in the number of
neutrons are called isotopes.
C. The generally accepted age of the Earth is 4.56 million
years.

6. D. A paleosol is a rock layer identified by such factors as rock
type and approximate geologic age.
Several surfaces between rock layers are identified by letters in
this diagram. Which letter correctly identifies an angular
unconformity where tilted sedimentary rocks are found beneath
flat-lying sedimentary rocks?
Choose one:
A. A
B. C
C. B
D. E
Which of the following statements about this diagram is true?
Choose one:
A. Bed 5 (a sandstone) is older than the sill that sits beneath it.
B. The contact between the granite pluton and Bed 3 would be
a disconformity.
C. The granite pluton intruded before the rocks were folded.
D. The fault occurred after the basalt dike intruded the region.
Which of the following lists fits the order of these three
descriptions: Age of Mammals, Age of Dinosaurs, and longest
geologic time period.
Choose one:
A. Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Precambrian
B. Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Proterozoic
C. Cenozoic, Hadean, Paleozoic
D. Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Paleozoic

7. Identify the statement that is true about radiometric dating.
Choose one:
A. It can begin only when the isotopes heat up enough to
decay.
B. It can be used only if some uranium is present in the rock.
C. Dating of an individual sand grain in a sandstone accurately
dates the sedimentary rock's formation.
D. Dating of metamorphic rock tells when the high
temperatures of metamorphism cooled below the closure
temperatures of the minerals involved.
A radioactive isotope of the element potassium decays to
produce argon. If the ratio of argon to potassium is found to be
7:1, how many half-lives have occurred?
Choose one:
A. 8 half-lives
B. 7 half-lives
C. 1 half-life
D. 3 half-live